Peephole optimization of asynchronous macromodule networks

Journal ArticleMost high level synthesis tools for asynchronous circuits take descriptions in concurrent hardware description languages and generate networks of macromodules or handshake components. In this paper we describe a peephole optimizer for such macromodule networks that often effects area and/or time improvements. Our optimizer first deduces an equivalent black-box behavior for the given network of macrmodules using Dill's trace-theoretic parallel composition operator. It then applies a new procedure culled Burst-mode reduction to obtain burst-mode machines, which can be synthesized into gate networks using available tools. Since burst-mode reduction can be applied to any macromodule network that is delay-insensitive as well as deterministic, our optimizer covers a significant number of asynchronous circuits especially those generated by asynchronous high level synthesis tools

Positional identification of variants of Adamts16 linked to inherited hypertension

A previously reported blood pressure (BP) quantitative trait locus on rat Chromosome 1 was isolated in a short congenic segment spanning 804.6 kb. The 804.6 kb region contained only two genes, LOC306664 and LOC306665. LOC306664 is predicted to translate into A Disintegrin-like and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs-16 (Adamts16). LOC306665 is a novel gene. All predicted exons of both LOC306664 and LOC306665 were sequenced. Non-synonymous variants were identified in only one of these genes, LOC306664. These variants were naturally existing polymorphisms among inbred, outbred and wild rats. The full-length rat transcript of Adamts16 was detected in multiple tissues. Similar to ADAMTS16 in humans, expression of Adamts16 was prominent in the kidney. Renal transcriptome analysis suggested that a network of genes related to BP was differential between congenic and S rats. These genes were also differentially expressed between kidney cell lines with or without knock-down of Adamts16. Adamts16 is conserved between rats and humans. It is a candidate gene within the homologous region on human Chromosome 5, which is linked to systolic and diastolic BP in the Quebec Family Study. Multiple variants, including an Ala to Pro variant in codon 90 (rs2086310) of human ADAMTS16, were associated with human resting systolic BP (SBP). Replication study in GenNet confirmed the association of two variants of ADAMTS16 with SBP, including rs2086310. Overall, our report represents a high resolution positional cloning and translational study for Adamts16 as a candidate gene controlling B

Positional identification of variants of Adamts16 linked to inherited hypertension

A previously reported blood pressure (BP) quantitative trait locus on rat Chromosome 1 was isolated in a short congenic segment spanning 804.6 kb. The 804.6 kb region contained only two genes, LOC306664 and LOC306665. LOC306664 is predicted to translate into A Disintegrin-like and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs-16 (Adamts16). LOC306665 is a novel gene. All predicted exons of both LOC306664 and LOC306665 were sequenced. Non-synonymous variants were identified in only one of these genes, LOC306664. These variants were naturally existing polymorphisms among inbred, outbred and wild rats. The full-length rat transcript of Adamts16 was detected in multiple tissues. Similar to ADAMTS16 in humans, expression of Adamts16 was prominent in the kidney. Renal transcriptome analysis suggested that a network of genes related to BP was differential between congenic and S rats. These genes were also differentially expressed between kidney cell lines with or without knock-down of Adamts16. Adamts16 is conserved between rats and humans. It is a candidate gene within the homologous region on human Chromosome 5, which is linked to systolic and diastolic BP in the Quebec Family Study. Multiple variants, including an Ala to Pro variant in codon 90 (rs2086310) of human ADAMTS16, were associated with human resting systolic BP (SBP). Replication study in GenNet confirmed the association of two variants of ADAMTS16 with SBP, including rs2086310. Overall, our report represents a high resolution positional cloning and translational study for Adamts16 as a candidate gene controlling BP

Towards an end-to-end analysis and prediction system for weather, climate, and marine applications in the Red Sea

Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2021. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 102(1), (2021): E99-E122, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0005.1.The Red Sea, home to the second-longest coral reef system in the world, is a vital resource for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Red Sea provides 90% of the Kingdom’s potable water by desalinization, supporting tourism, shipping, aquaculture, and fishing industries, which together contribute about 10%–20% of the country’s GDP. All these activities, and those elsewhere in the Red Sea region, critically depend on oceanic and atmospheric conditions. At a time of mega-development projects along the Red Sea coast, and global warming, authorities are working on optimizing the harnessing of environmental resources, including renewable energy and rainwater harvesting. All these require high-resolution weather and climate information. Toward this end, we have undertaken a multipronged research and development activity in which we are developing an integrated data-driven regional coupled modeling system. The telescopically nested components include 5-km- to 600-m-resolution atmospheric models to address weather and climate challenges, 4-km- to 50-m-resolution ocean models with regional and coastal configurations to simulate and predict the general and mesoscale circulation, 4-km- to 100-m-resolution ecosystem models to simulate the biogeochemistry, and 1-km- to 50-m-resolution wave models. In addition, a complementary probabilistic transport modeling system predicts dispersion of contaminant plumes, oil spill, and marine ecosystem connectivity. Advanced ensemble data assimilation capabilities have also been implemented for accurate forecasting. Resulting achievements include significant advancement in our understanding of the regional circulation and its connection to the global climate, development, and validation of long-term Red Sea regional atmospheric–oceanic–wave reanalyses and forecasting capacities. These products are being extensively used by academia, government, and industry in various weather and marine studies and operations, environmental policies, renewable energy applications, impact assessment, flood forecasting, and more.The development of the Red Sea modeling system is being supported by the Virtual Red Sea Initiative and the Competitive Research Grants (CRG) program from the Office of Sponsored Research at KAUST, Saudi Aramco Company through the Saudi ARAMCO Marine Environmental Center at KAUST, and by funds from KAEC, NEOM, and RSP through Beacon Development Company at KAUST

HOP: (Hardware Viewed as Objects and Processes). A Process Model for Synchronous Hardware Systems

technical reportA new Hardware Specification Language (HSL) called HOP is presented. HOP stands for Hardware viewed as Objects and Processes. It can be used for specifying the structure, behavior, and timing of digital systems. HOP was designed for several reasons. It integrates well-tested ideas from past work that was based on an abstract data type view of hardware systems into a new, simple, and deterministic process model that we have invented. Our process model is inspired by the works of Mil82, Mil83, and Hoa85. Secondly it is believed that not only should an HSL be founded in mathematical principles, but it also ought to be simple, intuitive to use, and address practical issues, especially if practicing VLSI designers are to be encouraged to use them. HOP was designed to meet the following design objectives: 1) Be capable of modeling large architectures as well as simple MOS digital circuits; 2) support the writing of a priori as well as a posteriori specifications; 3) possess a simple and rigorous semantics; 4) support static analysis techniques and design verification; 5) match digital designer's intuitions closely; 6) be demonstrably efficient in handling many important practical issues; 7) act as a common repository of related information falling in various domains (functional behavior, timing, geometry, and user documentation to a name a few) thereby helping in designer and tool integration; 8) support design automation as well as manual design

From Algebraic Specifications to Correct VLSI Systems

technical reportThis dissertation presents a hardware design methodology in which hardware systems can be modeled as abstract data types and semi-automatically synthesized into VLSI circuits. The behavior of a module is specified at both the abstract and the realization levels, in a purely functional language, "Structure and Behavior Language" (SBL). In a top-down design refinement phase, SBL specifications are manually refined by writing realization specifications that are equivalent to existing abstract specifications. The refinement process is manually directed in such a way that the leaf modules are eventually available in a module library. In a bottom-up circuit synthesis phase, controller modules are automatically synthesized from SBL specifications, and are incorporated along with previously built data-path modules. Routing is performed using module interconnections that are also automatically inferred from SBL specifications. Formal verification and simulation are supported. Test-case selection for simulation can be guided by the equational invariants obtainable from algebraic specifications

Verification Methods for Weaker Shared Memory Consistency Models

The problem of verifying finite-state models of shared memory multiprocessor coherence protocols for conformance to weaker memory consistency models is examined. We start with W.W. Collier's architectural testing methods and extend it in several non-trivial ways in order to be able to handle weaker memory models. This, our first contribution, presents the construction of architectural testing programs similar to those constructed by Collier (e.g. the Archtest suite) suited for weaker memory models. Our own primary emphasis has, however, been to adapt these methods to the realm of model-checking. In an earlier effort (joint work with Nalumasu and Mokkedem), we had demonstrated how to adapt Collier's architectural testing methods to model-checking. Our verification approach consisted of abstracting executions that violate memory orderings into a fixed collection of automata (called Test Automata) that depend only on the memory model. The main advantage of this approach, called Test Model-checking, is that the test automata remain xed during the iterative design cycle when di erent coherence protocols that (presumably) implement a given memory model are being compared for performance. This facilitates `push-button' re-verification when each new protocol is being considered. Our second contribution is to extend the methods of constructing test automata to be able to handle architectural tests for weaker memory models. After reviewing prior work, in this paper we mainly focus on architectural tests for weaker memory models and the new abstraction methods thereof to construct test automata for weaker memory models

HOP: A PROCESS MODEL FOR SYNCHRONOUS HARDWARE SEMANTICS, AND EXPERIMENTS IN PROCESS COMPOSITION

We present a language "Hardware viewed as Objects and Processes" (HOP) for specifying the structure, behavior, and timing of hardware systems. HOP embodies a simple process model for lock-step synchronous processes. An absproc specification written in HOP describes the externally observable behavior of a process. A collection of absprocs may be composed to form a larger process, using the operators parallel composition, renaming, and hiding. In this paper we present the communication primitives of HOP, illustrate HOP through several examples, and then present its operational semantics. We present an algorithm PARCOMP that is based on HOP's semantics. We illustrate three uses of PARCOMP: (i) inferring concise behavioral descriptions of systems from their structural descriptions; (ii) static detection of control timing errors during behavioral inference; (iii) productive and run-time efficient functional simulation using the inferred behavior.We are currently acquiring citations for the work deposited into this collection. We recognize the distribution rights of this item may have been assigned to another entity, other than the author(s) of the work.If you can provide the citation for this work or you think you own the distribution rights to this work please contact the Institutional Repository Administrator at [email protected]