Why have poverty and income inequality increased so much? Argentina 1991-2002

This paper analyzes the sources of changes in poverty and income inequality among Argentine households during the 1991-2001 period. We assess the eect of changes in labor market participation, unemployment, education levels, and returns to human capital on income inequality and poverty by using a micro-simulation approach. This procedure allows us to evaluate the impact of each one of those changes on several measures of income inequality and poverty during the nineties. We found that unemployment accounts for a large part of the increase in income inequality and poverty that this country experienced in the last decade. In January 2002, Argentina declared the default on its external debt and devaluated the peso 40% ending the convertibility period. Since then, a growing inflation is aecting the purchasing power of Argentine households for the first time in more than ten years. Using our methodology we estimate the eect of the emerging inflation on poverty among households. Our findings indicate that inflation increases poverty significantly at least in the short run.

Regulated expression of galectin-1 after in vitro productive infection with herpes simplex virus type 1: implications for T cell apoptosis

Apoptosis of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) has been reported to be a relevant mechanism of viral immune evasion. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), an endogenous lectin involved in T-cell apoptosis, has recently gained considerable attention as a novel mechanism of tumor-immune evasion. Here we investigated whether infection of cells with HSV-1 can modulate the expression of Gal-1. Results show that pro-apoptotic Gal-1, but not Gal-3, is remarkably up-regulated in cell cultures infected with HSV-1. In addition, this protein is secreted to the extracellular milieu, where it contributes to apoptosis of activated T cells in a carbohydrate-dependent manner. Since many viruses have evolved mechanisms to counteract the antiviral response raised by the infected host, our results suggest that HSV-1 may use galectin-1 as a weapon to kill activated T cells and evade specific immune responses.Fil: Gonzalez, Maria Ines. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Microbiología; ArgentinaFil: Rubinstein, Natalia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ilarregui, Juan Martin. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Toscano, Marta Alicia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Sanjuan, Norberto Aníbal. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Microbiología; ArgentinaFil: Rabinovich, Gabriel Adrián. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Microbiología; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentin

Tensor Product of Evolution Algebras

The starting point of this work is the fact that the class of evolution algebras over a fixed field is closed under tensor product. We prove that, under certain conditions, the tensor product is an evolution algebra if and only if every factor is an evolution algebra. Another issue arises about the inheritance of properties from the tensor product to the factors and conversely. For instance, nondegeneracy, irreducibility, perfectness and simplicity are investigated. The four-dimensional case is illustrative and useful to contrast conjectures, so we achieve a complete classification of four-dimensional perfect evolution algebras emerging as tensor product of two-dimensional ones. We find that there are four-dimensional evolution algebras that are the tensor product of two nonevolution algebras.Funding for open access publishing: Universidad Málaga/CBUA

Modelado del comportamiento del combustible nuclear bajo irradiación mediante DIONISIO 2.0

En este breve artículo se presenta la última versión de DIONISIO 2.0, un código de simulación del comportamiento del combustible nuclear bajo irradiación. Para el caso de un combustible de potencia, el código resuelve una barra completa mediante la división de la misma en sectores en la dirección axial, cada uno de ellos sometido a las condiciones locales de potencia lineal, temperatura del refrigerante y flujo neutrónico. En cada sector se selecciona un dominio representativo bi o tridimensional, que corresponde a la pastilla, el ?gap? y la vaina, sobre el que se determinan la distribución de temperatura; la tensión-deformación elastoplástica de cada material debida a la dilatación térmica, el ?swelling? (en la pastilla), el ?creep? y el crecimiento por irradiación (en la vaina); la liberación de gases de fisión y el porcentaje del mismo presente en el volumen libre de la barra. La interacción termo-mecánica entre la pastilla y la vaina es analizada con especial detalle y, dado que bajo estas condiciones de contacto las exigencias sobre la vaina pueden llegar a ser extremas, llegando aún a la rotura, se ha desarrollado un módulo que permite considerar la presencia y evolución de una fisura. En lo que respecta a combustibles para reactores de investigación, el código resuelve un dominio tridimensional para diversos tipos de placas constituidas por el material físil (que puede ser monolítico o disperso) y la vaina que puede ser de aluminio o zircaloy. DIONISIO ha participado en diversos proyectos internacionales de intercomparación de códigos para reactores de potencia, con muy buenos resultados. Ha sido validado contra más de 34 experimentos completos obtenidos de la base de datos del Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica (OIEA). La versión para combustibles de investigación fue contrastada con experimentos controlados obteniéndose una muy buena concordancia con los datos medidos.Fil: Soba, Alejandro. Comision Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia de Área de Aplicaciones de la Tecnología Nuclear. Gerencia Ciclo del Combustible Nuclear; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Denis, Alicia Catalina. Comision Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia de Área de Aplicaciones de la Tecnología Nuclear. Gerencia Ciclo del Combustible Nuclear; ArgentinaFil: Lemes, Martín. Comision Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia de Área de Aplicaciones de la Tecnología Nuclear. Gerencia Ciclo del Combustible Nuclear; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Martin Emilio. Comision Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia de Área de Aplicaciones de la Tecnología Nuclear. Gerencia Ciclo del Combustible Nuclear; Argentin

Factor influencing trade show perfomance for spanish art and collecting sector

The aim of this research is to determine the direct relationship between the planning of exhibition participation. This will allow exhibitors understanding why they decide to go to a trade show and what the objectives are. The study focuses on the art and collecting sector, great international importance, because is relevant in the media and the benefits to the host city. Spanish art sector has a character-ristic disparity, its performance in relation to the number of exhibitors and visitors, generally, is the inverse of the exhibition sector. Finally, the results confirm that exhibitors pursue the relationships, and information search and strengthen their image. = Исследуется проблемы получения прибыли от организации и проведения торговых выставок. На примере сектора искусства и коллекционирования, имеющего большое международное экономическое значение для Испании, определяются факторы, которые в наибольшей степени необходимо учитывать при планировании таких мероприятий

The effect of communication on the legitimacy and performance of organizations

Purpose – The aim of the investigation is to examine the effect of communication on the legitimacy and performance of organizations. The research framework was built based on Institutional Theory. Design/methodology/approach – The data were collected from 613 surveys of patients and health personnel of public hospitals in Madrid (Spain) and analyzed through partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The questionnaires were anonymous. No identification data or biomedical data were requested. Findings – The results confirm the existence of a positive effect between communication and organizational legitimacy. They also indicate that the effect produced by communication on organizational performance is considerably greater than that produced by organizational legitimacy. The findings provide new knowledge on communication as an antecedent of organizational legitimacy. From a practical point of view, the research provides ideas on how hospital managers can improve their performance through communication management and organizational legitimacy. Originality/value – New evidence of the effects of communication on the legitimacy and performance of organizations is provided. The effect and the predictive relevance of legitimacy in relation on the performance of organizations are also identified

Regulation of B-cell development and tolerance by different members of the miR-17∼1/492 family microRNAs

The molecular mechanisms that regulate B-cell development and tolerance remain incompletely understood. In this study, we identify a critical role for the miR-17∼1/492 microRNA cluster in regulating B-cell central tolerance and demonstrate that these miRNAs control early B-cell development in a cell-intrinsic manner. While the cluster member miR-19 suppresses the expression of Pten and plays a key role in regulating B-cell tolerance, miR-17 controls early B-cell development through other molecular pathways. These findings demonstrate differential control of two closely linked B-cell developmental stages by different members of a single microRNA cluster through distinct molecular pathwaysThis study is supported by the PEW Charitable Trusts, Cancer Research Institute, Lupus Research Institute and National Institute of Health (R01AI087634, R01AI089854, R56AI110403 and R56AI121155 to C.X.

Organizacion social del trabajo en la posmodernidad

trabajo conjunto derivado del cuerpo academico de la facultad de ciencias politicas. salud mental y vida cotidianadesde la posmodernidad se analiza y contribuye a la explicacion del fenomeno desde el trabajo precario, la violencia laboral, las universidades y la perspectiva de genero. La discusion invade el mundo del trabajo, el estress, mobing y , terrorismo laboral que se expande desde un cotidiano que puede estar en el hogar con el trabajo domestico hasta realidades del mundo empresarial y academico. Se observan sintomas y cuadro de organizaciones toxicas que contaminan el cotidiano y la salud social

Extravascular hemolysis and complement consumption in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria patients undergoing eculizumab treatment

Los datos asociados con este artículo están disponibles en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imbio.2016.09.002.Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired hemolytic anemia characterized by complement-mediated intravascular hemolysis that is effectively treated with eculizumab. However, treatment responses are reported heterogeneous with some patients presenting residual hemolysis and requiring RBC transfusions. Recent reports have shown that both extravascular hemolysis and incomplete C5 blockade can explain these suboptimal hematological responses. Here we have tested our eculizumab-treated PNH patients (n = 12) for signs of hemolysis and assessed complement biomarkers. Patients were also genotyped for complement receptor 1 (CR1, CD35) and C5 polymorphisms and evaluated for free eculizumab in plasma. We report that 10 patients (83%) present parameters suggesting persistent hemolysis, although they did not require additional transfusions. Seven of them (58%) become direct Coombs-test positive as a consequence of treatment, including all patients carrying the low-expression CR1-L allele. CH50 and sC5b-9 assays demonstrate that the persistent low-level hemolysis identified in our treated patients is not a consequence of incomplete C5 blockade, supporting that this hemolysis, as has been suggested previously, results from the extravascular removal of C3 opsonized PNH erythrocytes. We also show that continuous alternative pathway activation in eculizumab-treated individuals carrying the CR1-L allele results in abnormally decreased levels of C3 in plasma that could, potentially, increase their susceptibility to bacterial infections. Finally, we encourage a routine evaluation of free eculizumab levels and terminal pathway activity to personalize eculizumab administrationIn this study S.R de C. is supported by the Spanish “Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad” (SAF2011-26583) and the Autonomous Region of Madrid (S2010/BMD-2316