Effects of pre-incubation in sheep and goat saliva on in vitro rumen digestion of tanniferous browse foliage

A two-stage in vitro procedure was used for assessing the activity of parotid saliva to enhance rumen digestion of tanniniferous browse foliage. The procedure consisted of pre-incubation in saliva for 4 h at 39 °C followed by incubation in diluted buffered rumen fluid. Using this procedure, a study was conducted to examine the effects of pre-incubation in sheep (SS), quebracho-supplemented sheep (qSS) and goat (GS) parotid saliva or in McDougall’s artificial saliva (AS, used as control) on in vitro rumen fermentation kinetics (estimated using the gas production technique) of browse foliage from six shrub species (Cytisus scoparius, Genista florida, Rosa canina, Quercus pyrenaica, Cistus laurifolius and Erica australis) collected over two seasons (spring and autumn), thus varying the in vitro digestibility (from 0·597 to 0·903) and tannin contents (from3 to 130 g tannic acid equivalent/kg dry matter (DM)). Saliva was collected from four sheep and four goats fed alfalfa hay, and fromfour sheep fed the same alfalfa hay but supplemented with quebracho (rich in condensed tannins) for 60 d, through a cannula inserted in the parotid duct, and rumen fluid was always from sheep fed alfalfa hay. The extent of degradation when browse foliage was pre-incubated in qSS was similar to that observed with control AS (0·449 v. 0·452, respectively), and 8% less than the value with pre-incubation in SS (0·490). In vitro fermentation kinetics (gas production parameters) of browse foliage were not significantly enhanced with pre-incubation in qSS compared with SS, whereas in vitro digestibility and extent of degradation in the rumen were significantly reduced with qSS compared with SS. After pre-incubation in sheep and goat saliva, the extent of browse foliage degradation was significantly increased by 4–8% compared with pre-incubation in the control AS. Fermentation efficiency of browse foliage was increased (P<0·05) with pre-incubation in GS compared with SS. Sheep or goat saliva may have some activity to affect in vitro rumen fermentation of the foliage samples incubated, enhancing extent of degradation of tannin-rich browse. However, a relationship between the magnitude of this effect and the tannin content of the browse foliage could not be established, suggesting that sheep and goat saliva may not be particularly important in neutralizing tannins

Maxillary Sinus Lateral Wall Thickness and Morphologic Patterns in the Atrophic Posterior Maxilla

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141013/1/jper0676.pd

MODELO DIDÁCTICO PARA LA ENSEÑANZA DEL SISTEMA DE APLICACIONES INFORMÁTICAS

En la formación del profesional de la educación se incluye la asignatura Informática Educativa con el propósito de preparar a los estudiantes para la búsqueda de soluciones a los problemas pedagógicos y didácticos relacionados con la aplicación de la Tecnología de la Información y las Comunicaciones al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Su incorporación genera problemáticas en el plano didáctico, que precisan soluciones necesarias para perfeccionar la enseñanza de la asignatura, por la singular importancia y actualidad, que tienen especialmente, las aplicaciones informáticas como contenido de dicha disciplina. En el presente artículo se socializa un modelo didáctico que contribuye al perfeccionamiento del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del sistema de aplicaciones informáticas en la formación inicial del profesional de la educación superior. Para su constatación empírica se consideró la ejecución de una alternativa didáctica, la que permitió demostrar la validez del modelo didáctico propuesto en la práctica pedagógica

An Automated Emergency Airport and Off-Airport Landing Site Selector

We present a novel landing site selector capable of selecting suitable landing sites (airport and off-airport) for emergency landings. In a first step, information from several databases which includes, for instance, elevation data, is gathered by our system. Then, this information is processed in order to create a list of potential landing sites ranked according to several factors, such as the characteristics of the runway, the type of emergency or the current weather. A generic scenario and case studies have been defined in order to test the landing site selector, ultimately leading to a series of trajectories—generated with an emergency trajectory generator presented in previous publications—safely leading the aircraft to one of the landing sites chosen by our system.1The work presented in this paper has received funding from the Clean Sky 2 Joint Undertaking (JU) under grant agreement No 864771, corresponding to the SafeNcy project (https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/864771). The JU receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and the Clean Sky 2 JU members other than the Union. The opinions expressed herein reflect the authors view only. Under no circumstances shall the Clean Sky 2 JU be responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained herein.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Conformational changes on PMMA induced by the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles and the processing by Solution Blow Spinning

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films filled with titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were prepared by solution blow spinning (SBS). The influence of the presence of nanoparticles (up to 10% by weight) in the physicochemical properties of the material was studied, focusing on the morphology, structure, and thermal properties, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was demonstrated that SBS allows obtaining PMMA/TiO2 nanocomposites with a relatively high amount of nanoparticles uniformly dispersed within the polymeric matrix, varying the surface characteristics of the films according to the amount of TiO2. The results indicate that the flow of the macromolecules is somewhat forced by the SBS process, and that specific interactions between the ester group of the MMA and the surface of the nanoparticles induce a preferential conformation of the functional group with respect to the PMMA backbone, at least at low loads of nanopartciles, conditions in which the self-aggregation of the nanofiller takes place in a lesser extent

DETECCIÓN DE TRIATOMINOS (Hemiptera: reduviidae) DOMÉSTICOS, PERIDOMÉSTICOS Y SILVESTRES EN GUAYMAS, SONORA, MÉXICO/ DOMESTIC, PERIDOMESTIC AND WILD TRIATOMINES DETECTION (Hemiptera: reduviidae) IN GUAYMAS, SONORA, MEXICO

Se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo y transversal que consistió en ubicar y capturar e identifi car triatominos en ecotopos: doméstico, peridoméstico y silvestre, en la Ciudad de Guaymas, Sonora. En el ambiente doméstico se ubicaron viviendas infestadas con triatominos, los insectos se colectaron en las habitaciones de forma manual, en el ambiente peridoméstico se ubicaron gallineros infestados en las colonias: Cerro Gandareño, Colonia Rastro y Colonia Yucatán y en el ambiente silvestre, se identifi caron nidos de roedores en el monte. En total se colectaron 50 especímenes domésticos, 120 peridomésticos y 64 silvestres. De los 234 insectos, el 1.29% fueron ninfas de segundo estadío, el 11.2% ninfas de tercer estadío, el 18.1% ninfas de cuarto estadío, 51.7% ninfas de quinto estadío, un 7.3% de hembras adultas y 10.3% de machos adultos, no se encontraron huevecillos y especímenes de primer periodo ninfal en las tres poblaciones. Triatoma rubida representó el 94% de insectos encontrado en los tres ecotopos. El 5% correspondió a Triatoma proctata y el 1% correspondió a Triatoma sinaloensis colectado en el ambiente silvestre. La existencia de los focos silvestres de las especies e insectos peridomésticos de Triatoma rubida es de importancia epidemiológica al incorporarse a los ciclos domésticos de Trypanosoma cruzi. ABSTRACT A descriptive and transversal study was realized, were insects where located, captured and identifi ed in domestic, peridomestic and wild ecotopes in Guaymas, Sonora. Infested dwelling places with triatoma insects were located and collected manually. Infested henhouses were located in the following neighborhoods: Cerro Gandareño, Colonia Rastro y Colonia Yucatán in Guaymas, Sonora (peridomestic environment). In the wild environment, rodent’s nests were also located. A total of 50 domestic specimens, 64 wild specimens and 12 peridomestic specimens were collected. From 234 insects, 1.29% were of second stage nymphs, 11.2% of third stage nymphs, 18.1% of fourth stage nymphs, 51.7% were of fi fth stage nymphs, 7.3% were adult females and 10.3% were males. Eggs and fi rst stage nymphs were not found in any of the ecotopes. 94% of the total insects found in the 3 ecotopes were Triatoma rubida. In the wild environment, 5% were Triatoma proctata and 1% Triatoma sinaloensis. The presence of a wild focus of Triatoma rubida and peridomestic insects is epidemiologically speaking important because they can integrate with the domestic cycle of Trypanozoma cruzi

Consecutive renal biopsy in a cohort of patients with lupus nephritis of the Colombian Caribbean

Background: Renal biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis and classification of lupus nephritis (LN). However, a consecutive biopsy can predict the clinical course and optimize the therapeutic strategies. Objectives: To compare the histopathological findings with clinical responses. Patients and Methods: Thirty patients with active LN were included. Renal biopsies were performed at the time of diagnosis and subsequently under clinical criteria according to consensus of Spanish Society of Nephrology. The response to treatment was defined as complete response, partial responder or non-responder. The histological change in second biopsy towards LN classes I, II or III/IV-C was defined as histological response (HR). Results: In initial renal biopsy, 28 (93%) patients showed proliferative LN; III-A or A/C (n; 7), IV-A or A/C (n: 19) and mixed; III+IV/V (n; 2). LN class V was presented in two cases. The clinical response was; complete response (10%), partial response (20%), and non-response (70%). HR was manifested in 37% and non-histologic response in 63% of patients. Around 33% of patients with complete response/partial response showed active lesions in the consecutive renal biopsy. Conclusions: In Colombian Caribbean, LN is aggressive and refractory to treatment. The consecutive renal biopsy allowed to demonstrate the persistence of the activity of the lesion in almost half of the patients, which may provide additional information to create better response criteria. The consecutive renal biopsy is a tool that allows improving the evaluation of the response to treatment in the LN

N7-methylguanosine methylation of tRNAs regulates survival to stress in cancer

Tumour progression and therapy tolerance are highly regulated and complex processes largely dependent on the plasticity of cancer cells and their capacity to respond to stress. The higher plasticity of cancer cells highlights the need for identifying targetable molecular pathways that challenge cancer cell survival. Here, we show that

Micropropagación de plantas de lechosa en recipientes de inmersión temporal a partir de brotes axilares Micropropagation of papaya plants in temporary immersion recipients from axilary shoots

Título en ingles: Micropropagation of papaya plants in temporary immersion recipients from axilary shootsTítulo corto: Micropropagación de lechosa en recipientes de inmersión temporal.Resumen: Se estandarizaron las condiciones de iniciación, multiplicación, enraizamiento y aclimatización de plantas hermafroditas de lechosa cv Maradol provenientes de brotes axilares, producidos en recipientes de inmersión temporal RITA®. En cada envase, contentivo de 200 ml de medio de cultivo líquido de Fitch, se colocaron cuatro brotes de 2 a 3 cm de longitud. Los biorreactores se conectaron a tres líneas de inmersión de 5, 2 y 1 min cada 4h y se colocaron 6 envases en promedio por línea, en condiciones de fotoperíodo de 16 h. Transcurridos 30 a 45 días, se cuantificaron los brotes y se clasificaron de acuerdo al tamaño: 2 cm (pequeños), entre 2 a 3 cm (medianos),  ˃ 3 cm con y sin raíz (grandes). Los dos primeros tipos de brotes se continuaron multiplicando en los mismos medios; y los más elongados se aclimatizaron utilizando el Sistema Autotrófico Hidropónico (SAH). Se determinó la sanidad y la fidelidad de las plantas producidas mediante pruebas de ELISA y RAPD, respectivamente. Durante un periodo de 6 meses se reciclaron un total de 47 recipientes, los cuales produjeron 1.091 brotes: 377  pequeños; 482 medianos; 175 grandes sin raíz y 57 con raíz. Usando el SAH se obtuvo 89,5% de plantas aclimatizadas cuando se usaron brotes enraizados, y 41,6% a partir de brotes sin  raíces. Con la combinación de las técnicas RITA y SAH se logró un sistema continuo y eficiente de producción de plantas sanas y fieles al tipo, en comparación con los métodos convencionales de micropropagación y aclimatización.Palabras clave: Carica papaya, RITA®, sistema autotrófico, estabilidad genética.Key words: Carica papaya, RITA®, autotrophic system, genetic stability.Recibido: mayo 16 de 2014   Aprobado: abril 21 de 2015We standardized initiation, multiplication, rooting and acclimatization conditions of papaya cv Maradol hermaphrodite plants from axillary buds produced in temporary immersion reactor RITA®. Recipients contained 200 ml of Fitch liquid culture medium, and four shoots of 2 to 3 cm. in length were placed in each. The bioreactors were connected to three different immersion lines of 5, 2, and 1 min each 4h, with 6 containers per line on average, in 16 h photoperiod. After 30 to 45 days, the shoots produced were quantified and classified according to size: 2 cm (small), from 2 to 3 cm (medium), 3 cm with or without roots (large). The first two types of shoots were multiplied in the same culture media, and more elongated shoots were acclimatized using Autotrophic Hydroponic System (AHS). The sanity and fidelity of the produced plants were determined using ELISA and RAPD, respectively. For a period of six months 47 vessels were recycled and 1,091 shoots were produced: 377 small; 482 medium; 175 large without roots and 57 rooted shoots. Using AHS, 89.5% acclimatized plants were obtained when rooted shoots were used, and 41.6% from rootless shoots. With the combination of RITA and AHS techniques we achieved a continuous and efficient production of healthy and true to type papaya plants, in comparison to conventional micropropagation and acclimatization procedures.Key words: Carica papaya, RITA®, autotrophic system, genetic stability

Genetic Diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Guadalajara, Mexico and Identification of a Rare Multidrug Resistant Beijing Genotype

Determining the genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis strains allows identification of the distinct Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes responsible for tuberculosis in different regions. Several studies have reported the genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis strains in Mexico, but little information is available from the state of Jalisco. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from Western Mexico. Sixty-eight M. tuberculosis isolates were tested for susceptibility to first-line drugs using manual Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube method and genotyped using spoligotyping and IS6110-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern analyses. Forty-seven (69.1%) isolates were grouped into 10 clusters and 21 isolates displayed single patterns by spoligotyping. Three of the 21 single patterns corresponded to orphan patterns in the SITVITWEB database, and 1 new type that contained 2 isolates was created. The most prevalent lineages were T (38.2%), Haarlem (17.7%), LAM (17.7%), X (7.4%), S (5.9%), EAI (1.5%) and Beijing (1.5%). Six (12.8%) of the clustered isolates were MDR, and type 406 of the Beijing family was among the MDR isolates. Seventeen (26.2%) isolates were grouped into 8 clusters and 48 isolates displayed single patterns by IS6110-RFLP. Combination of IS6110-RFLP and spoligotyping reduced the clustering rate to 20.0%. The results show that T, Haarlem, and LAM are predominant lineages among clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis in Guadalajara, Mexico. Clustering rates indicated low transmission of MDR strains. We detected a rare Beijing genotype, SIT406, which was a highly resistant strain. This is the first report of this Beijing genotype in Latin America