Mechalele (Self-Playing Ukulele)

This project involves the design and implementation of a self-playing ukulele. The ukulele plays chords and plucks open strings based on a song or chord progression selected by the user. Each string on the ukulele has a designated hobby servo motor that plucks the string with pre-programmed timing as is shown in Figure 1 (3). The plucking is achieved by attaching a flexible piece of cardboard to the shaft of the servo to act as the guitar pick. By moving the motors together at once, the action of strumming can be approximated. The design uses the last three frets on the ukulele for pressing different strings and allows the ukulele to play different notes and chords. The strings are pressed by small push/pull solenoids (2) that are spring loaded to push the string when active and not touch the string when passive. The output of the system is controlled with user selection buttons that selects song or tuning mode for the ukulele from an LCD display (6). The user can either select tuning or song playing mode using three pushbuttons. In tuning mode, a speaker plays the desired note for a string and the LCD display prompts the user to pluck that string. The frequency of the note is detected from a microphone and the display tells the user if the string is tuned, too high, or too low

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life

La construction sociale de la réalité hydraulique au Mexique (1951-2010) (champs sociaux, réseaux et représentations territoriales en conflit)

Le propos de cette thèse est d'étudier les rapports entre les structures sociales et les représentations d'une ressource territoriale stratégique : l'eau. Entre les membres de la société mexicaine et l'accès à l'eau, se trouve une médiation institutionnelle et symbolique dense : le champs des politiques de l'eau. Dans cette recherche, on étudie deux processus : 1) la sociogenèse du sens commun dominant dans le champ bureaucratique national et 2) l'utilisation stratégique de cette formation discursive nationale pour légitimer l'approvisionnement en eau de la capitale fédérale et la façon dont se confrontent d'autres sens communs façonnés dans d'autres champs régionaux et locaux. Avec le premier thème, on étudie une réforme institutionnelle, discursive et des trajectoires des agents bureaucratiques qui restructurèrent l'institution hydraulique nationale de 1975 à 1989. Avec le second, on analyse l'hétérogénéité des discours et positions dans un champ géopolitique hautement conflictuel où se joue l'appropriation de l'eau fournie à la capitale. Cette recherche utilise une méthodologie qui combine l'étude d'archives historiques et administratives, les entretiens avec des agents institutionnels, universitaires et sociaux, et des observations de terrain.The relationship between the individual and the water is a complex mediation made up of institutions and discourses. In this thesis, two aspects of this institutional and discursive mediation are studied: 1) The transformation of dominant common sense in the bureaucratic field of water policy, and 2) the representations of the territory that go with the actions of bureaucratic and social agents of water supply in Mexico City. In the first part we study the trajectories of bureaucratic agents that reformed the hydraulic national institution from 1975 to 1989. It is considered that the discursive formation and the network that drove the reforms are two sides of the same coin and both of them express the change in the field of water policy. This reform was not important in the adoption of the neoliberal perspective, but especially in the recovery of the autonomy of the water sector. The resulting discursive formation is the common sense today. The second part examines the representations of territory built from different positions of the geopolitical field defined by water supply to Mexico City. Conflicts over water appropriation translate into textual, verbal, cartographic or pictorial representations. In the first part we study an institutional and discursive transformation, and the trajectories of the dominant agents of a national bureaucratic field. The second part deals with the speeches and positions in a geopolitical field where the agents dispute the ownership of the water that supplies the capital city and its metropolitan area.PARIS3-BU (751052102) / SudocPARIS-Fondation MSH (751062301) / SudocSudocFranceF

2. congreso del Grupo EspaNol del Terciario

Centro de Informacion y Documentacion Cientifica (CINDOC). C/Joaquin Costa, 22. 28002 Madrid. SPAIN / CINDOC - Centro de Informaciòn y Documentaciòn CientìficaSIGLEESSpai