Comparación financiera entre la construcción tradicional de una vivienda y la construcción sostenible en el sector sub urbano del municipio de Funza Cundinamarca

Trabajo de investigaciónEl objetivo de este proyecto es contribuir mediante la investigación a la disminución de los impactos ambientales que genera la construcción, impulsando el uso de las energías renovables, dando a conocer el análisis financiero de acuerdo al método VPN (valor presente neto) o el método TIR (Tasa Interna de Retorno), los resultados que implican ejecutar una construcción de vivienda tradicional, en comparación con una construcción de vivienda sostenible, en la que se involucre el concepto de eficiencia de los recursos, hídricos, energéticos. Permitiendo a la alcaldía de Funza Cundinamarca promover este tipo de edificaciones sostenibles basados en la rentabilidad y beneficios que ofrece. De esta manera contribuir a la disminución de emisiones y a la optimización de los recursos.INTRODUCCIÓN 1. GENERALIDADES 2. MARCO DE REFERENCIA 3. METODOLOGÍA 4. CONCLUSIONES 5.RECOMENDACIONES 6. BIBLIOGRAFÍA 7. ANEXOSEspecializaciónEspecialista en Gerencia de Obras Civile

Ecodesign assessment information an important tool for the design of new elements for building construction

[EN] A new wallboard panel has been developed. The flat panel is manufacturated mainly with a nucleus of gypsum plaster and enriched with agave dry fiber and expanded plastic particles, both agave and plastic are recovered materials and they cooperate to produce a light and resistant flat building construction product. Wallboards samples were produced according several formulas and under different conditions, then they were tested in materials labs. Today most of project stages are close to be finished and the research team works on a whole new building construction system design. One of the main objectives for this project is to reach a better ecological impact than other similar systems, in order to verify those benefits an Ecodesign assessment has been carried on. In this paper some important information and data about the assessment are shown.[ES] En el proyecto que se entrega, se busca demostrar la Hipótesis que señala que es posible la fabricación de elementos constructivos, partiendo de residuos de partículas de plásticos expandidos y fibra de agave como agregados, todos conglomerados en una pasta de yeso. Se ha llevado a cabo un proceso investigación de materiales, de diseño y desarrollo de producto, que propone la aplicación de los resultados de este proyecto de investigación, en un sistema constructivo para particiones interiores y techos falsos. Una de las metas principales para este proyecto es la de ofrecer un elemento constructivo con menor impacto medioambiental. Aquí se muestran algunos avances sobre la valoración de impacto ambiental del nuevo sistema constructivo y que permiten observar una mejoría, comparado con algunos sistemas ya disponibles.González Madariaga, F.; Rosa Sierra, L.; Gómez Gómez, J. (2016). Ecodesign assessment information an important tool for the design of new elements for building construction. En Systems&design:beyond processes and thinking. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 983-994. https://doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2015.3368OCS98399

Are Water User Associations Prepared for a Second-Generation Modernization? The Case of the Valencian Community (Spain)

[EN] This work focuses on the situation of the technological transition to new technologies in drip irrigation in the Valencian Community (Spain). The study covers the last decade with data from interviews to managers of Irrigation Communities in 2010 and 2018. We analyze the main technological problems in seven topics: (i) Catchment & Pumping; (ii) Storage & Regulation; (iii) Treatment & Filtering; (iv) Transport & Distribution; (v) Maneuver, Regulation & Protection; (vi) Automation; (vii) Theft and Vandalism. We also have researched the influence of the performance of the Automation system, the presence of a technician in the Irrigation Community and the use of sensors or climatic data. Results show that problems related to technological maintenance of filtering systems or automation are very common and important and they are more important in large Irrigation Communities. We have also observed that mostly large ICs are using sensors or climatic data for their irrigation schedule. We can conclude that their current situation is focused in the daily maintenance of technological problems, inherited from the first modernization processes at the beginning of 21st century. Hence, they are far away from a second stage of modernization or the smart irrigation pushed by the new advances on technology.González-Pavón, C.; Arviza Valverde, J.; Balbastre Peralta, I.; Carot Sierra, JM.; Palau-Salvador, G. (2020). Are Water User Associations Prepared for a Second-Generation Modernization? The Case of the Valencian Community (Spain). Water. 12(8):1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12082136S117128Swyngedouw, E. (2007). Technonatural revolutions: the scalar politics of Franco’s hydro-social dream for Spain, 1939?1975. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 32(1), 9-28. doi:10.1111/j.1475-5661.2007.00233.xVan der Kooij, S., Zwarteveen, M., & Kuper, M. (2015). The material of the social: the mutual shaping of institutions by irrigation technology and society in Seguia Khrichfa, Morocco. International Journal of the Commons, 9(1), 129. doi:10.18352/ijc.539García-Mollá, M., Ortega-Reig, M., Boelens, R., & Sanchis-Ibor, C. (2020). Hybridizing the commons. Privatizing and outsourcing collective irrigation management after technological change in Spain. World Development, 132, 104983. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.104983Lopez-Gunn, E., Zorrilla, P., Prieto, F., & Llamas, M. R. (2012). Lost in translation? Water efficiency in Spanish agriculture. Agricultural Water Management, 108, 83-95. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2012.01.005Sanchis Ibor, C., García Mollá, M., & Avellà Reus, L. (2016). Las políticas de implantación del riego localizado. Efectos en las entidades de riego de la Comunidad Valenciana. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, (72). doi:10.21138/bage.2330Allan, T. (1999). Productive efficiency and allocative efficiency: why better water management may not solve the problem. Agricultural Water Management, 40(1), 71-75. doi:10.1016/s0378-3774(98)00106-1Lecina, S., Isidoro, D., Playán, E., & Aragüés, R. (2010). Irrigation modernization and water conservation in Spain: The case of Riegos del Alto Aragón. Agricultural Water Management, 97(10), 1663-1675. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2010.05.023Playán, E., & Mateos, L. (2006). Modernization and optimization of irrigation systems to increase water productivity. Agricultural Water Management, 80(1-3), 100-116. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2005.07.007Garb, Y., & Friedlander, L. (2014). From transfer to translation: Using systemic understandings of technology to understand drip irrigation uptake. Agricultural Systems, 128, 13-24. doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2014.04.003Friedlander, L., Tal, A., & Lazarovitch, N. (2013). Technical considerations affecting adoption of drip irrigation in sub-Saharan Africa. Agricultural Water Management, 126, 125-132. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2013.04.014Ahmad, A., & Khan, S. (2016). Water and Energy Scarcity for Agriculture: Is Irrigation Modernization the Answer? Irrigation and Drainage, 66(1), 34-44. doi:10.1002/ird.2021Plusquellec, H. (2009). Modernization of large-scale irrigation systems: is it an achievable objective or a lost cause. Irrigation and Drainage, 58(S1), S104-S120. doi:10.1002/ird.488Masseroni, D., Ricart, S., de Cartagena, F., Monserrat, J., Gonçalves, J., de Lima, I., … Gandolfi, C. (2017). Prospects for Improving Gravity-Fed Surface Irrigation Systems in Mediterranean European Contexts. Water, 9(1), 20. doi:10.3390/w9010020De Bont, C., & Veldwisch, G. J. (2020). State Engagement with Farmer-led Irrigation Development: Symbolic Irrigation Modernisation and Disturbed Development Trajectories in Tanzania. The Journal of Development Studies, 56(12), 2154-2168. doi:10.1080/00220388.2020.1746278Koech, R., & Langat, P. (2018). Improving Irrigation Water Use Efficiency: A Review of Advances, Challenges and Opportunities in the Australian Context. Water, 10(12), 1771. doi:10.3390/w10121771Egea, G., Fernández, J. E., & Alcon, F. (2017). Financial assessment of adopting irrigation technology for plant-based regulated deficit irrigation scheduling in super high-density olive orchards. Agricultural Water Management, 187, 47-56. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2017.03.008Alcon, F., de Miguel, M. D., & Burton, M. (2011). Duration analysis of adoption of drip irrigation technology in southeastern Spain. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 78(6), 991-1001. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2011.02.001Hu, X., Qu, F., Jiang, J., Xu, J., & Liu, T. (2019). Drip irrigation and fertilization improve yield, uptake of nitrogen, and water-nitrogen use efficiency in cucumbers grown in substrate bags. Plant, Soil and Environment, 65(No. 6), 328-335. doi:10.17221/186/2019-pseJiang, G., & Wang, Z. (2019). Scale Effects of Ecological Safety of Water-Saving Irrigation: A Case Study in the Arid Inland River Basin of Northwest China. Water, 11(9), 1886. doi:10.3390/w11091886Ortega-Reig, M., Sanchis-Ibor, C., Palau-Salvador, G., García-Mollá, M., & Avellá-Reus, L. (2017). Institutional and management implications of drip irrigation introduction in collective irrigation systems in Spain. Agricultural Water Management, 187, 164-172. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2017.03.009Sanchis-Ibor, C., Boelens, R., & García-Mollá, M. (2017). Collective irrigation reloaded. Re-collection and re-moralization of water management after privatization in Spain. Geoforum, 87, 38-47. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.10.002Soto-García, M., Martínez-Alvarez, V., García-Bastida, P. A., Alcon, F., & Martin-Gorriz, B. (2013). Effect of water scarcity and modernisation on the performance of irrigation districts in south-eastern Spain. Agricultural Water Management, 124, 11-19. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2013.03.019Alcon, F., García-Bastida, P. A., Soto-García, M., Martínez-Alvarez, V., Martin-Gorriz, B., & Baille, A. (2017). Explaining the performance of irrigation communities in a water-scarce region. Irrigation Science, 35(3), 193-203. doi:10.1007/s00271-016-0531-7Zhang, X., & Khachatryan, H. (2019). Investigating Homeowners’ Preferences for Smart Irrigation Technology Features. Water, 11(10), 1996. doi:10.3390/w11101996Krishnan, R. S., Julie, E. G., Robinson, Y. H., Raja, S., Kumar, R., Thong, P. H., & Son, L. H. (2020). Fuzzy Logic based Smart Irrigation System using Internet of Things. Journal of Cleaner Production, 252, 119902. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119902Roth, D., Boelens, R., & Zwarteveen, M. (2015). Property, legal pluralism, and water rights: the critical analysis of water governance and the politics of recognizing «local» rights. The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 47(3), 456-475. doi:10.1080/07329113.2015.1111502Experiencias Cooperativas de Servicios de Aplicación de Plaguicidashttp://www.agro-alimentarias.coop/ficheros/doc/02163.pdfValencian Government Informe de Sector Agrario Valenciano (ISAV)http://www.agroambient.gva.es/va/estadisticas1Balbastre Peralta, I. (s. f.). Análisis, caracterización y diseño de Hidrantes multiusuario para riego. doi:10.4995/thesis/10251/62214Sanchis-Ibor, C., García-Mollá, M., & Avellà-Reus, L. (2016). Effects of drip irrigation promotion policies on water use and irrigation costs in Valencia, Spain. Water Policy, 19(1), 165-180. doi:10.2166/wp.2016.025Delos Reyes, M. L. F., & Schultz, B. (2018). Modernization of National Irrigation Systems in the Philippines: Linking Design, Operation and Water Supply. Irrigation and Drainage, 68(1), 59-66. doi:10.1002/ird.2260Andriyani, I., Jourdain, D., Shivakoti, G., Lidon, B., & Kartiwa, B. (2017). Can Uplanders and Lowlanders Share Land and Water Services? (A Case Study in Central Java Indonesia). Redefining Diversity & Dynamics of Natural Resources Management in Asia, Volume 1, 321-330. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-805454-3.00017-7Morén-Alegret, R., Fatorić, S., Wladyka, D., Mas-Palacios, A., & Fonseca, M. L. (2018). Challenges in achieving sustainability in Iberian rural areas and small towns: Exploring immigrant stakeholders’ perceptions in Alentejo, Portugal, and Empordà, Spain. Journal of Rural Studies, 64, 253-266. doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.05.005Maluleke, W., Mokwena, R. J., & Motsepa, L. L. (2016). Rural farmers’ perspectives on stock theft: police crime statistics. South African Journal of Agricultural Extension (SAJAE), 44(2). doi:10.17159/2413-3221/2016/v44n2a393Robb, P., Coupe, T., & Ariel, B. (2014). ‘Solvability’ and Detection of Metal Theft on Railway Property. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 21(4), 463-484. doi:10.1007/s10610-014-9253-7Benouniche, M., Kuper, M., Hammani, A., & Boesveld, H. (2014). Making the user visible: analysing irrigation practices and farmers’ logic to explain actual drip irrigation performance. Irrigation Science, 32(6), 405-420. doi:10.1007/s00271-014-0438-

Nuevos materiales a partir de residuos textiles: una perspectiva del diseño industrial

The present work is a brief description of a few experiences performed by this research group, Technological Innovation for Design, with the collaboration of students working their terminal projects at Centro Universitario de Arte Arquitectura y Diseño from the University of Guadalajara. One of the interest areas of this group is to work with scraps from local manufacturing companies in order to develop and propose new materials and products using them, focusing research in agave fibers, textiles, plastics and basalt, just to mention a few in which work is currently being done. This is an opportunity, in one hand, for students to have a deeper knowledge of manufacturing processes, and on the other, to give them an approach to the knowledge of materials properties and attributes. Nevertheless the aim of the project is not a didactic experience, this last aspect is of great interest since, formally, many of these students, due to the type of design curriculum they had, did not receive this type of technical training.El presente trabajo es una breve descripción de algunas experiencias efectuadas por el grupo de investigación Innovación Tecnológica para el Diseño del Centro Universitario de Arte Arquitectura y Diseño de la Universidad de Guadalajara a través de proyectos terminales de diseño industrial. Una de las áreas de interés de este grupo de investigación es el trabajo con residuos de algunas empresas manufactureras de la localidad para proponer nuevos materiales a partir de dichos residuos, desarrollando investigación sobre fibras de agave, textiles, residuos plásticos y basalto por mencionar algunos en los que se está trabajando. Por otro lado, es importante destacar la participación de los estudiantes tanto en la elaboración del material como de propuestas de productos a partir de dichos materiales. Esto representa una oportunidad para, por un lado, adentrarlos en el tema de los procesos de manufactura para la elaboración de prototipos, y por otro, acercarlos sobre la marcha al conocimiento de las propiedades y atributos de los materiales. Si bien el objetivo de estas actividades no es desarrollar experiencias didácticas, sino resolver una problemática dentro de un sector productivo concreto, este último aspecto resulta de gran interés dado que de manera formal muchos de ellos, por el tipo de diseño curricular, no recibieron este tipo de formación de carácter técnico

Performance analysis of a PID fractional order control in a differential mobile robot

[EN] This work deals with the tracking trajectory problem for a differential-drive mobile robot taking into account a dynamic extension from the kinematic model and, controlling a front point located at a certain distance perpendicular to the mid-axis of the wheels. Two controls are proposed, a PID fractional order controller (PIδDµ) and a PD fractional order controller (PDµ), both based on the tracking errors. The proposed controllers are obtained by means of the input-output linearization technique. On the other hand, the controller fractional terms are based on the Caputo’s operator. Numerical simulations with different fractional orders are presented and compared with the integer order PID controller, showing the variations that occurred when changing only the controller order.[ES] Este trabajo aborda el problema de seguimiento de trayectorias de un robot móvil tipo diferencial considerando una extensión dinámica del modelo cinemático y, controlando un punto frontal situado a una cierta distancia perpendicular al eje medio de las ruedas. Se proponen dos tipos de controladores, un controlador PID de orden fraccionario (PIdeltaDmu) y un controlador PD fraccionario (PDmu), ambos basados en errores de seguimiento. Los controladores propuestos se obtienen empleando la técnica de linealización entrada-salida. Por otra parte, los términos fraccionarios del controlador se basan en el operador de Caputo. Se presentan simulaciones numéricas con diferentes órdenes fraccionarios y se comparan con el controlador PID de orden entero, mostrando las variaciones ocurridas al cambiar únicamente el orden del controlador.División de Investigación y Posgrado (DINVP) de la Universidad IberoamericanaVázquez, U.; González-Sierra, J.; Fernández-Anaya, G.; Hernández-Martínez, EG. (2021). Análisis del desempeño de un control PID de orden fraccional en un robot móvil diferencial. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial. 19(1):74-83. https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2021.15036OJS7483191Al-Mayyahi, A., Wang, W., Birch, P., 2016. Design of fractional-order controller for trajectory tracking control of a non-holonomic autonomous ground vehicle. Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems 27 (1), 29-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40313-015-0214-2Betourne, A., Campion, G., 1996. Dynamic modelling and control design of a class of omnidirectional mobile robots. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation 3, 2810-2815.Buslowicz, M., 2012. Stability analysis of continuous-time linear systems consisting of n subsystems with different fractional orders. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences 60 (2), 279-284. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10175-012-0037-2Buslowicz, M., 2013. Frequency domain method for stability analysis of linear continuous-time state-space systems with double fractional orders. In Advances in the Theory and Applications of Non-integer Order Systems, Springer, Heidelberg, 31-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00933-9_3Campion, G., Bastin, G., Dandrea-Novel, B., 1996. Structural properties and classification of kinematic and dynamic models of wheeled mobile robots. IEEE transactions on robotics and automation 12 (1), 47-62. https://doi.org/10.1109/70.481750Contreras, J., Herrera, D., Toibero, J., Carelli, R., 2017. Controllers design for differential drive mobile robots based on extended kinematic modeling. In 2017 European Conference on Mobile Robots, 1-6.Fierro, R., Lewis, F., 1998. Control of a nonholonomic mobile robot using neural networks. IEEE transactions on neural networks 9 (4), 589-600. https://doi.org/10.1109/72.701173Kanjanawanishkul, K., Zell, A., 2009. Path following for an omnidirectional mobile robot based on model predictive control. In 2009 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 3341-3346. https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2009.5152217Khalil, H., Grizzle, J., 2002. Nonlinear systems. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice hall 3.Martínez, E., Ríos, H., Mera, M., Gonzalez-Sierra, J., 2019. A robust tracking control for unicycle mobile robots: An attractive ellipsoid approach. In 2019 IEEE 58th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), 5799-5804. https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC40024.2019.9029954Matignon, D., 1996. Stability results for fractional differential equations with applications to control processing. In IMACS Multiconference on Computational engineering in systems applications 2 (1), 963-968.Matignon, D., 1998. Stability properties for generalized fractional differential systems. In ESAIM: Proceedings 5, 145-158. https://doi.org/10.1051/proc:1998004Miller, K., Ross, B., 1993. An introduction to the fractional calculus and fractional differential equations.Orman, K., Basci, A., Derdiyok, A., 2016. Speed and direction angle control of four wheel drive skid-steered mobile robot by using fractional order pi controller. Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 22 (5), 14-19. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eie.22.5.16337Ovalle, L., Ríos, H., Llama, M., Dzul, V. S. A., 2019. Omnidirectional mobile robot robust tracking: Sliding-mode output-based control approaches. Control Engineering Practice 85, 50-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2019.01.002Park, B., Yoo, S., Park, J., Choi, Y., 2008. Adaptive neural sliding mode control of nonholonomic wheeled mobile robots with model uncertainty. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 17 (1), 207-214. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2008.922584Petrás, I., 2008. Stability of fractional-order systems with rational orders. Fractional Calculus and Applied Sciences 10.Petrás, I., 2011. Fractional-order nonlinear systems: Modeling, analysis and simulation. Nonlinear Physical Science Book Series, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18101-6Petrás, I., Dorcák, L., 1999. The frequency method for stability investigation of fractional control systems. J. of SACTA 2 (1-2), 75-85.Podlubny, I., 1998. Fractional differential equations: an introduction to fractional derivatives, fractional differential equations, to methods of their solution and some of their applications. Elsevier, 340.Radwan, A., Soliman, A., Elwakil, A., Sedeek, A., 2009. On the stability of linear systems with fractional-order elements. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 40 (5), 2317-2328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2007.10.033Rasheed, L., Al-Araji, A., 2017. A cognitive nonlinear fractional order pid neural controller design for wheeled mobile robot based on bacterial foraging optimization algorithm. Engineering and Technology Journal 35 (3), 289-300.Rodriguez-Cortes, H., Aranda-Bricaire, E., 2007. Observer based trajectory tracking for a wheeled mobile robot. In 2007 American Conference Control, 991-996. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACC.2007.4282706Rojas-Moreno, A., Perez-Valenzuela, G., 2017. Fractional order tracking control of a wheeled mobile robot. IEEE XXIV International Conference on Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computing, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1109/INTERCON.2017.8079683Sabatier, J., Moze, M., Farges, C., 2010. Lmi stability conditions for fractional order systems. Computers & Mathematics with Applications 59 (5), 1594-1609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.camwa.2009.08.003Siegwart, R., Nourbakhsh, I., Scaramuzza, D., 2011. Introduction to autonomous mobile robots. MIT press.Sira-Ramírez, H., López-Uribe, C., Velasco-Villa, M., 2013. Linear observer-based active disturbance rejection control of the omnidirectional mobile robot. Asian Journal of Control 15 (1), 51-63. https://doi.org/10.1002/asjc.523Tawfik, M., Abdulwahb, E., Swadi, S., 2014. Trajectory tracking control for a wheeled mobile robot using fractional order piadb controller. Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal 10 (3), 39-52.Tepljakov, A., 2017. Fractional-order modeling and control of dynamic systems; fomcon: Fractional-order modeling and control toolbox. Springer Theses, 107--129. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52950-9Tepljakov, A., Petlenkov, E., Belikov, J., Finajev, J., 2013. Fractional-order controller design and digital implementation using fomcon toolbox for matlab. IEEE Conference on Computer Aided Control System Design, 340--345. https://doi.org/10.1109/CACSD.2013.6663486Valerio, D., Costa, J. D., 2013. An introduction to fractional control. IET 91, 32-208.Vázquez, J., Velasco-Villa, M., 2008. Path-tracking dynamic model based control of an omnidirectional mobile robot. IFAC Proceedings Volumes 41 (2), 5365-5370. https://doi.org/10.3182/20080706-5-KR-1001.00904Yang, H., Fan, X., Shi, P., Hua, C., 2015. Nonlinear control for tracking and obstacle avoidance of a wheeled mobile robot with nonholonomic constraint. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 24 (2), 741-746. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2015.2457877Zhang, L., Liu, L., Zhang, S., 2020. Design, implementation, and validation of robust fractional-order pd controller for wheeled mobile robot trajectory tracking. Complexity 2020, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9523549Zhao, Y., Chen, N., Tai, Y., 2016. Trajectory tracking control of wheeled mobile robot based on fractional order backstepping. In 2016 Chinese Control and Decision Conference, 6730-6734. https://doi.org/10.1109/CCDC.2016.753220

RF Energy Harvesting System Based on an Archimedean Spiral Antenna for Low-Power Sensor Applications

This paper presents a radiofrequency (RF) energy harvesting system based on an ultrawideband Archimedean spiral antenna and a half-wave Cockcroft-Walton multiplier circuit. The antenna was proved to operate from 350 MHz to 16 GHz with an outstanding performance. With its use, radio spectrum measurements were carried out at the Telecommunication Engineering School (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid) to determine the power level of the ambient signals in two different scenarios: indoors and outdoors. Based on these measurements, a Cockcroft-Walton multiplier and a lumped element matching network are designed to operate at 800 MHz and 900 MHz frequency bands. To correct the frequency displacement in the circuit, a circuit model is presented that takes into account the different parasitic elements of the components and the PCB. With an input power of 0 dBm, the manufactured circuit shows a rectifying efficiency of 30%. Finally, a test is carried out with the full RF energy harvesting system to check its correct operation. Thus, the RF system is placed in front of a transmitting Vivaldi antenna at a distance of 50 cm. The storage capacitor has a charge of over 1.25 V, which is enough to run a temperature sensor placed as the load to be supplied. This demonstrates the validity of the RF energy harvesting system for low-power practical applications.This research was funded in part by the project TIN2016-75097-P of the Spanish Research and Development National Program, and in part by the project TEC2017-85529-C3-1-R of the Ministerio de Economía y Empresa

Scrap denim-PP composites as a material for new product design

[EN] The growing interest of manufacturing companies to use its scraps as raw material to design and develop alternate products has led them to news ways of processing them. The present project arises from a jeans manufacturing company’s interest on making an effort to reuse its daily denim scrap to manufacture a different kind of product without diversifying its capabilities.   Some studies on denim-binder mixtures have been previously performed, amongst which binders such as corn starch and vinyl adhesives were used. In the present work some preliminary findings are shown using denim in its woven form combined with polypropylene, a common waste worldwide.   The goal of this project is based on the assessment of some of the mechanical properties from the obtained mixtures in order to determine their attributes and possible fields of application in the process of designing new products.   For that purpose, the materials’ testing was structured in four stages regarding the variables linked to the diversification of the mixes.   In the first stage a sandwich-like material was prepared, consisting of two denim skins and a polypropylene core. In the second stage a multilayered “film-stacking” material was developed. In the third stage, a combination was developed consisting of polypropylene mixed with 5% weight of shredded denim. Based on these preliminary findings and the inherent attributes of denim, the fourth stage is a first attempt to use the obtained materials to design new products. In this process an introductory material-product mapping was used in order to provide early insights and define scenarios and user profiles. The results of the whole process yield a first approach to configure future experiments using combinations of denim scrap and other thermoplastic polymers in order to use them in new product development.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3360http://ocs.editorial.upv.es/index.php/IFDP/IFDPGómez Gómez, J.; González Madariaga, F.; Rosa Sierra, L.; León Morán, R.; Abt, T. (2016). Scrap denim-PP composites as a material for new product design. En Systems&Design: Beyond Processes and Thinking. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2015.3360OC

ECOLOGICAL NICHE OF SEMIDOMESTICATED POPULATIONS OF Capsicum pubescens RUIZ & PAV. BASED ON ACCESSIONS FROM VERACRUZ, MEXICO

Para cultivar una especie silvestre es necesario modificar el esquema genético resultante de los procesos de selección natural a uno adaptado a las condiciones manejadas por el hombre, e implica detectar áreas geográficas similares a aquellas donde se originó la especie. En este estudio se analiza un modelo de áreas geográficas potenciales para la adaptación de Capsicum pubescens Ruiz & Pav. con el objetivo de detectar las condiciones de nicho ecológico apropiado, determinar zonas potenciales en México y describir las relaciones entre el medio ambiente y las características morfológicas del fruto. Se utilizó el algoritmo reciente de máxima entropía (MaxEnt) para modelar el nicho de C. pubescens dentro de una región de importancia en el centro de Veracruz, México. Se utilizó un total de 44 sitios de presencia y cuatro variables bioclimáticas para detectar nichos adecuados para la especie; así mismo, se realizó un análisis de regresión por mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS) combinando los sitios de presencia, variables bioclimáticas y características morfológicas del fruto. Se construyó un mapa final de idoneidad identificando las áreas adecuadas para el crecimiento de C. pubescens. Las contribuciones de las variables predictoras al modelo fueron preipitación anual (Bio12) 43.9 %, capa de potasio (K) 23 %, altitud (DEM) 22.3 % y temperatura media anual (Bio1) 10.7 %, con valor del área bajo la curva de 99.7 %. Los mínimos cuadrados parciales corroboraron la importancia de las covariables, que intervienen en la expresión de características morfológicas del fruto, ayudando a entender mejor las relaciones entre especies y el medio ambiente. Áreas aún no exploradas arrojaron probabilidades de ocurrencia mayores a 90 %, principalmente en las zonas montañosas de Chihuahua, Tamaulipas, Nuevo León y la Sierra de Santa Martha al sur del estado de Veracruz. Se identificó un grupo de accesiones sobresalientes que podrían servir como base para iniciar un programa de mejoramiento genético en esta especie

Estado del Arte de la Investigación en Educación, Pedagogía, Didáctica, Aportes teóricos a las discusiones educativas sobre la diversidad, y Diversidad en procesos de aprendizaje y transformación de la escuela en la MEVI – 2018 - 2021.

Elaborar un estado del arte de la investigación en la MEVI en relación con la educación, la pedagogía, la didáctica, los aportes teóricos a las discusiones educativas sobre la diversidad y la diversidad en procesos de aprendizaje y transformación de la escuela entre 2018 y 2021El presente estado del arte evidencia los intereses investigativos y las conceptualizaciones derivadas en el campo de la educación la pedagogía, la didáctica, los aportes teóricos a las discusiones educativas sobre la diversidad y la diversidad en procesos de aprendizaje y transformación de la escuela, en las investigaciones realizadas en el programa de Maestría en Educación Virtual (en adelante MEVI), de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios ( en adelante UNIMINUTO), entre los años 2018 y 2021. Este proyecto sombrilla, se desarrolla bajo la sub-línea de Procesos educativos para la diversidad y la transformación cultural se realiza bajo un enfoque cualitativo descriptivo a partir de una selección aleatoria de 160 tesis de la MEVI. En el capítulo 1 se presenta una contextualización sobre el proceso investigativo dentro de la MEVI. También, se presentan los estudios nacionales e internacionales relacionados con la investigación; al tiempo que se presenta en detalle el planteamiento de objetivos con la intención de lograr categorías de estudio