DIGESTIÓN RUMINAL E INTESTINAL DEL MAÍZ (Zea mays) Y SORGO (Sorghum bicolor L. MOENCH) UTILIZANDO DIFERENTES TÉCNICAS DE DIGESTIBILIDAD (IN VIVO, IN VITRO E IN SACCO)

El conocimiento de la digestibilidad de los alimentos es básico para establecer su valor nutritivo y biodisponibilidad de los nutrientes para ello se han utilizado numerosos análisis de laboratorio para estimar la digestión ruminal e intestinal del alimento como son in vitro (Produccion de gas y Daisy ) e in sacco, para ser comparadas con el método in vivo. El sorgo presenta el mayor (P0.05) entre cereales. Con lo que respecta a los métodos de digestibilidad, la MSd fue menor (P0.01) para los métodos in sacco e in vitro (Daisy). La producción de AGV S fue similar para ambos cereales. Las técnicas in situ e in vitro (DaisyII ® ) permiten determinar la digestibilidad de forma rápida y sencilla comparado con los métodos convencionales. El molido del sorgo mejora su valor alimenticio aumentando su digestibilidad, lo que representa una alternativa ante el maíz para la alimentación de terneros en engorda

A comparison of purine derivatives excretion with conventional methods as indices of microbial yield in dairy cows

11 pages, 7 tables.--PMID: 15328235 [PubMed]http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15328235Three multiparous, ruminally and duodenally cannulated Holstein-Friesian milking cows (558 +/- 14 kg BW) with a mean milk yield of 19.9 +/- 1.4 kg/d in their 4th mo of lactation were fed a mixed diet of forage and concentrate at 100, 85, and 75% of ad libitum intake in a 3 x 3 Latin square design. Duodenal digesta flow was estimated using the dual-phase technique in which Cr-EDTA and Yb-acetate were used as liquid and solid markers, respectively. Microbial N (MN) was estimated using the duodenal flow of purine bases (PB); bacterial isolates from the rumen liquid and solid phases were used as references. Additionally, duodenal flow of PB and MN were estimated indirectly using the excretion of purine derivatives (PD) in urine and milk. Duodenal flow of PB and derived MN tended to decrease with feed restriction (from 258 to 154 mmol/d and 123.5 to 74.4 g/d, respectively). Estimates of PB and MN based on urinary PD showed the same trend, and decreases in PB (from 314 to 266 mmol/d, using LAB) were statistically significant. Using LAB, efficiencies of microbial protein synthesis in the ad libitum treatment were 12.9 and 17.0 g of MN/g of organic matter apparently digested in the rumen when estimated using duodenal PB and urinary excretion of PD, respectively. Urinary excretion of PD closely reflected changes in duodenal flow of PB as a result of feed restriction.This study was supported by the CICYT Project 95-0498Peer reviewe

COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA Y PRODUCCIÓN DE GAS IN VITRO DE DIETAS CON VAINAS DE ACACIA FARNESIANA

"Se valoró el efecto de la inclusión de vainas de Acacia farnesiana en dietas para corderos. Los niveles de A. farnesiana en los tratamientos fueron 0, 100, 200, 300 y 400 g/kg MS en dietas isoprotéicas para corderos en crecimiento que incluyeron rastroj

Sensitivity of ruminal bacterial isolates of sheep, cattle and buffalo to 13 therapeutic antibiotics

7 páginas, 2 figuras, 2 tablas.Ruminal bacterial isolates, 59 from two sheep, five cows and nine buffaloes were used to evaluate sensitivity to the therapeutic antibiotics amikacin, cefadroxil, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, piperacillin, polymyxin, roxithromycin, streptomycin and vancomycin. Sensitivity of ruminal bacterial isolates to each was determined by the clearance zone (CZ) in the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion susceptibility test. Bacterial isolates from sheep exhibited, in general, lower resistance (P=0.040) to antibiotics than buffalo. Irrespective of ruminant species, bacterial isolates had a higher tolerance (P roxithromycin > cefotaxime = vancomycin > cefoperazone > piperacillin), and those with CZ size of 7-10 mm (streptomycin > chloramphenicol = polymyxin). Sub-therapeutic antibiotic use in ruminant feeding to optimize rumen fermentation may lead to residues in meat and milk, as well as increase their inhibition to ruminal bacterial populations.Peer reviewe

Composición química y producción de gas in vitro de dietas con vainas de acacia farnesiana

The inclusion of Acacia farnesiana pods into lamb diets was evaluated by means of analyzing its chemical composition, tannin content and in vitro gas production, dry matter disappearance and metabolizable energy. The treatments with different inclusion levels of A. farnesiana pods were 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 g/kg DM, within isoprotein diets for lambs which included ground maize fodder, soybean meal, wheat bran and mineral mix. The A. farnesiana pods contributed with an important amount of protein (115 g/kg), and tannins (7.8 g/kg). In vitro gas production decreased (p<0.05) with the inclusion of 400 g/kg DM (304.45 ml/g DM); nonetheless, its production was similar to 300g/kg (317.88 ml/g DM). In vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) in 0 and 100 g/ kg was similar between them with 70.14 and 68.73 mg/100 mg DM respectively; however, they were different than the rest of the treatments. Relative gas production was similar between 200 to 400 g/ kg, nevertheless it was different to control diets. It is concluded that the inclusion of 300 g/kg DM of A. farnesiana pods has a negative impact over in vitro gas production and metabolizable energy, and over 200 g/kg DM affect the dry matter disappearance and relative in vitro gas production, which limit its use for feeding ruminants.Se valoró el efecto de la inclusión de vainas de Acacia farnesiana en dietas para corderos. Los niveles de A. farnesiana en los tratamientos fue- ron 0, 100, 200, 300 y 400 g/kg MS en dietas isoprotéicas para corderos en crecimiento que incluyeron rastrojo de maíz, harina de soya, sal- vado de trigo y mezcla de minerales. Las vainas aportan una importante cantidad de proteína (115 g/kg); de taninos (7,8 g/kg). La producción de gas in vitro disminuyó (p<0,05) con la inclusión de 400 g/kg (304,45 ml/g MS); no obstante, fue similar a 300 g/kg (317,88 ml/g MS). La desaparición de la materia seca in vitro fue semejante en 0 y 100 g/kg con 70,14 y 68,73 mg/100 mg MS respectivamen- te; no obstante, ambas fueron diferentes al resto de los tratamientos. La producción de gas relativa fue similar entre 200 a 400 g/kg, aunque diferentes a la dieta control. Inclusión de 300 g/kg MS de vainas de A. farnesiana impacta negativamente en la producción de gas y energía metabolizable, y a partir de 200 g/kg MS afecta la desaparición de la materia seca y la producción de gas relativa in vitro lo cual podría limitar su uso y aprovechamien- to para la alimentación de rumiante

EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS ENZYMES ON NUTRIENTS DIGESTIBILITY AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE IN SHEEP AND GOATS

"Six crossbred sheep (32.00±0.603 kg body weight (BW)) and 6 Baladi goats (18.00±0.703 kg BW) were used in 2 × 2 factorial design to evaluate the effect of exogenous enzymes of ZADO® (i.e., ENZ) and on nutrients digestibility and growth performance. Anim

Influence of Salix babylonica and Leucaena leucocephala leaf extracts on ruminal fermentation characteristics, urinary purine derivative excretion and microbial protein synthesis of lambs

5 páginas, 3 tablas.Sixteen growing Katahdin×Pelibuey lambs (24±0.3kg body weight) were used to study the effects of oral administration of extracts of Salix babylonica (SB) and Leucaena leucocephala (LL) leaves on ruminal pH, total and individual volatile fatty acids (VFA) and NH3-N concentrations, as well as ruminal protozoal counts, urinary purine derivatives (PD) excretion and estimated microbial protein synthesis. Lambs were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) containing 219 and 141gkg-1 of CP and NDF, respectively. Four treatments (4lambs/treatment) were Control (no extract added), SB (SB extract at 30mld-1), LL (LL extract at 30mld-1) and SBLL (mixture of SB at 15mld-1+LL at 15mld-1). Extracts were administered orally to each lamb before the morning meal daily. Measurements were on days 22 (P1), 43 (P2) and 63 (P3) of the experiment. Ruminal pH increased (P=0.014) with SBLL extract and decreased with SB. The ratio of acetate to propionate was higher (P=0.042) with SBLL compared to the control. Ruminal NH3-N concentration was not affected by extract administration (P=0.309) or experimental period (P=0.087). Protozoal counts were not affected (P=0.489) by extract addition but decreased (P0.05) by extracts administration. Overall, oral administration of S. babylonica and L. leucocephala extracts, or their 1:1 mixture, to lambs for 63d had only minor effects on ruminal fermentation, urinary purine derivative excretion and microbial protein synthesis. © 2014 .The authors acknowledge the financial support from la SEP, Mexico, Project PROMEP 103.5/09/4195Peer Reviewe