O desafio da gestão do conhecimento nas instituições de ensino superior na Colômbia

Higher education institutions are currently facing a new social contract that determines the performance of scientific knowledge and establishes conditions to measure the impact of their results in society, from innovation products or by facilitating the social appropriation of knowledge. This contract begins in the governing bodies of the State which, through policy-making, establish guidelines for the participation of higher education institutions (in Spanish, IES) in the socio-economic development plans that fall within the requirements of a globalized world. This article posits the knowledge management theory as a framework from which strategies emerge for the establishment of IES as knowledge organizations and the rationalization of their involvement in the academia-society relationship.Las instituciones de educación superior (IES) se enfrentan actualmente a un nuevo contrato social que determina el ejercicio del conocimiento científico y establece condiciones para medir el impacto de sus resultados en la sociedad, a partir de productos de innovación o de la facilitación de la apropiación social del conocimiento. Este contrato se origina en las entidades rectoras del Estado que, a través del establecimiento de políticas, determinan los lineamientos de participación de las IES en los planes de desarrollo socioeconómico que se inscriben en las exigencias de un mundo globalizado. En este artículo se propone la teoría de la gestión del conocimiento como marco del que se desprenden estrategias para que las IES se instauren como organizaciones del conocimiento y racionalicen su participación en la relación entre academia y sociedad.As instituições de ensino superior (IES) estão atualmente enfrentando um novo contrato social que determina o exercício do conhecimento científico e estabelece condições para medir o impacto dos seus resultados na sociedade, através de produtos de inovação ou da facilitação da apropriação social do conhecimento. Este contrato tem origem nos órgãos do Estado, através do estabelecimento de políticas, que determinam a participação das IES nos planos de desenvolvimento socioeconômico que fazem parte das exigências de um mundo globalizado. Este artigo discute a teoria da gestão do conhecimento como parte das estratégias que surgem para que as IES sejam estabelecidas como organizações do conhecimento e racionalizem sua participação na relação entre acadêmia e sociedade

Nonlinear absorption of InN/InGaN multiple-quantum-well structures at optical telecommunication wavelengths

We report on the nonlinear optical absorption of InN/ InxGa 1-x N (x=0.8,0.9) multiple-quantum-well structures characterized at 1.55 μm by the Z-scan method in order to obtain the effective nonlinear absorption coefficient (α2) of the samples at high repetition rate. Saturable absorption is observed for the sample with x=0.9, with an effective α2 ∼-9× 103 cm/GW for the studied optical regime. For lower In content in the barrier, reverse saturable absorption is observed, which is attributed to two-photon absorption. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.Peer Reviewe

The effects of exogenous fatty acids and niacin on human monocyte-macrophage plasticity

Scope: Macrophage plasticity allows adapting to different environments, having a dual activity in inflammatory-related diseases. Our hypothesis is that the type of dietary fatty acids into human postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), alone or in combination with niacin (vitamin B3), could modulate the plasticity of monocytes-macrophages. Methods and results: We isolated TRLs at the postprandial peak from blood samples of healthy volunteers after the ingestion of a meal rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or MUFAs plus omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs). Autologous monocytes isolated at fasting were first induced to differentiate into naïve macrophages. We observed that postprandial TRL-MUFAs, particularly in combination with niacin, enhance competence to monocytes to differentiate and polarise into M2 macrophages. Postprandial TRL-SFAs made polarised macrophages prone to an M1 phenotype. In contrast to dietary SFAs, dietary MUFAs in the meals plus immediate-release niacin primed circulating monocytes for a reduced postprandial pro-inflammatory profile. Conclusion: Our study underlines a role of postprandial TRLs as a metabolic entity in regulating the plasticity of the monocyte-macrophage lineage and also brings an understanding of the mechanisms by which dietary fatty acids are environmental factors fostering the innate immune responsiveness in humans.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación AGL2011- 2900

Optimizing CIGB-300 intralesional delivery in locally advanced cervical cancer

Background:We conducted a phase 1 trial in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer by injecting 0.5 ml of the CK2-antagonist CIGB-300 in two different sites on tumours to assess tumour uptake, safety, pharmacodynamic activity and identify the recommended dose.Methods:Fourteen patients were treated with intralesional injections containing 35 or 70 mg of CIGB-300 in three alternate cycles of three consecutive days each before standard chemoradiotherapy. Tumour uptake was determined using 99 Tc-radiolabelled peptide. In situ B23/nucleophosmin was determined by immunohistochemistry.Results:Maximum tumour uptake for CIGB-300 70-mg dose was significantly higher than the one observed for 35 mg: 16.1±8.9 vs 31.3±12.9 mg (P=0.01). Both, AUC 24h and biological half-life were also significantly higher using 70 mg of CIGB-300 (P<0.001). Unincorporated CIGB-300 diffused rapidly to blood and was mainly distributed towards kidneys, and marginally in liver, lungs, heart and spleen. There was no DLT and moderate allergic-like reactions were the most common systemic side effect with strong correlation between unincorporated CIGB-300 and histamine levels in blood. CIGB-300, 70 mg, downregulated B23/nucleophosmin (P=0.03) in tumour specimens.Conclusion:Intralesional injections of 70 mg CIGB-300 in two sites (0.5 ml per injection) and this treatment plan are recommended to be evaluated in phase 2 studies.Fil: Sarduy, M. R.. Medical-surgical Research Center; CubaFil: García, I.. Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología; CubaFil: Coca, M. A.. Clinical Investigation Center; CubaFil: Perera, A.. Clinical Investigation Center; CubaFil: Torres, L. A.. Clinical Investigation Center; CubaFil: Valenzuela, C. M.. Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología; CubaFil: Baladrón, I.. Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología; CubaFil: Solares, M.. Hospital Materno Ramón González Coro; CubaFil: Reyes, V.. Center For Genetic Engineering And Biotechnology Havana; CubaFil: Hernández, I.. Isotope Center; CubaFil: Perera, Y.. Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología; CubaFil: Martínez, Y. M.. Medical-surgical Research Center; CubaFil: Molina, L.. Medical-surgical Research Center; CubaFil: González, Y. M.. Medical-surgical Research Center; CubaFil: Ancízar, J. A.. Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología; CubaFil: Prats, A.. Clinical Investigation Center; CubaFil: González, L.. Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología; CubaFil: Casacó, C. A.. Clinical Investigation Center; CubaFil: Acevedo, B. E.. Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología; CubaFil: López Saura, P. A.. Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología; CubaFil: Alonso, Daniel Fernando. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; ArgentinaFil: Gómez, R.. Elea Laboratories; ArgentinaFil: Perea Rodríguez, S. E.. Center For Genetic Engineering And Biotechnology Havana; Cuba. Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología; Cub

Generation and efficacy assessment of a chimeric antigen E2-CD154 as a marker Classical Swine Fever Virus subunit vaccine produced in HEK 293 and CHO K1 mammalian cells

The E2 glycoprotein is the major antigen that induces neutralizing and protective antibodies in CSFV infected pigs, thus a marker vaccine based on this antigen appears to be the most promising alternative to induce a protective immune response against CSFV. However, the structural characteristics of this protein state the necessity to produce glycoprotein E2 in more complex expression systems such as mammalian cells. In this study, we use a lentivirus-based gene delivery system to establish a stable recombinant HEK 293 and CHO K1 cell line for the expression of E2 fused to porcine CD154 as immunostimulatory molecule. In a first experiment, E2his and E2-CD154 were compared in an immunization trial. The average antibody titers in E2his immunized pigs was in the range of 30-40% of blocking and the average antibody titers for E2-CD154 are above 40% at day 14, meaning that the chimeric antigen is able to raise antibodies at positive levels in a shorter time. Additionally, the blocking rate of E2his vaccinated group in ELISA ranged between 66-88% and in the E2-CD154- vaccinated groups ranged between 86-92%, one week after booster immunization. The NPLA antibody titers also increased greatly. Later on, the protective capacity of purified E2-CD154 glycoprotein was demonstrated in a challenge experiment in pigs using a biphasic immunization schedule with 25 and 50 μg. The immunized animals developed neutralizing antibodies that were protective when the animals were faced to a challenge with 105 LD50 of ‘‘Margarita’’ CSFV highly pathogenic strain. No clinical signs of the disease were detected in the vaccinated pigs. Unvaccinated pigs in the control group exhibited symptoms of CSF at 3–4 days after challenge and were euthanized from 7–9 days when the pigs became moribund. These results indicate that E2-CD154 produced in recombinant HEK 293 and CHOK1cell line is a high quality candidate for the development of a safe and effective CSFV subunit vaccine. In the next steps, pilot and production scale, E2-CD154 expression levels should be increased in 10 to 50 fold, arriving to a very attractive productive platform for an implementation of a commercial subunit vaccine against CSF

Evaluación de la densidad y manejo forestal del piptocoma discolor (Pigüe) y otras especies en la provincia de Pastaza – Ecuador

Introduction: the world and national policy consider the key to the conservation of species, for the synergies of natural ecosystems, with the importance of maintaining the balance against the activities of man as sustainable and sustainable resources of the ecosystem. Goal. Evaluate the density and forest management of the species of Piptocoma discolor (Pigüe) and other species in the province of Pastaza - Ecuador. Methodology: the study was conducted in the cantons: Pastaza, Mera, Santa Clara and Arajuno of the Province of Pastaza. Considering the altitude conditions of each canton, through the application of a random sampling in forty-eight properties of an area of ​​10,400 m2 of secondary forest, a statistical analysis was achieved as Results: the relationships between the categories of the stem with 54.94%, with a variability coefficient of 7.13%, with a probability of 0.01%, a reliability of 99% and with a Tukey test at 0.01%. The current potential of the following species was determined: Piptocoma discolor, Cecropia peltata L., Inga edulis Mart, Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don., Miconia Ruiz &amp; Pav., Myrica pubescens Humb. &amp; Bonpl. ex Willd., Piptocoma Cass, Ocotea Aubl., Vismia baccifera L. Triana &amp; Planch., Joosia umbellifera H. Karst. Conclusions: according to the evaluation, 70% of the forest does not have forest management, and in 30% there is evidence of rudimentary thinning, due to the absence of technical forest management, there is an imbalance of biodiversity in the Ecuadorian AmazonIntroducción: la política mundial y nacional considera la clave de la conservación de especies, para las sinergias de los ecosistemas naturales, con la importancia de mantener el equilibrio frente a las actividades del hombre como los recursos sostenibles y sustentable del ecosistema. Objetivo: evaluar la densidad y el manejo forestal del manejo de las especies del piptocoma discolor (Pigüe) y otras especies en la provincia de Pastaza – Ecuador. Metodología: &nbsp;el estudio se llevó a cabo en los cantones: Pastaza, Mera, Santa Clara y Arajuno de la Provincia de Pastaza. Considerando las condiciones de altitud de cada cantón, mediante la aplicación de un muestreo al azar en 48 propiedades de un área de 10.400 m2 del bosque secundario se logrando un análisis estadístico como Resultados: las relaciones entre las categorías del fuste con 54,94 %, con un coeficiente de variabilidad de 7,13 %, con probabilidad del 0,01 %, una confiabilidad del 99% y con una prueba de Tukey al 0,01 %. Se determinó el potencial actual de las siguientes especies: Piptocoma discolor, Cecropia peltata L., Inga edulis Mart, Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don., Miconia Ruiz &amp; Pav., Myrica pubescens Humb. &amp; Bonpl. ex Willd., Piptocoma Cass, Ocotea Aubl., Vismia baccifera L. Triana &amp; Planch., Joosia umbellifera H. Karst. Conclusiones: según la evaluación el 70% del bosque no cuenta con un manejo forestal, y en el 30% se evidencia aclareos de manera rudimentaria, debido a la ausencia de manejo técnico forestal existe el desequilibrio de la biodiversidad en la Amazonía del Ecuador

Dynamics of Rye Chromosome 1R Regions with High or Low Crossover Frequency in Homology Search and Synapsis Development

In many organisms, homologous pairing and synapsis depend on the meiotic recombination machinery that repairs double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) produced at the onset of meiosis. The culmination of recombination via crossover gives rise to chiasmata, which locate distally in many plant species such as rye, Secale cereale. Although, synapsis initiates close to the chromosome ends, a direct effect of regions with high crossover frequency on partner identification and synapsis initiation has not been demonstrated. Here, we analyze the dynamics of distal and proximal regions of a rye chromosome introgressed into wheat to define their role on meiotic homology search and synapsis. We have used lines with a pair of two-armed chromosome 1R of rye, or a pair of telocentrics of its long arm (1RL), which were homozygous for the standard 1RL structure, homozygous for an inversion of 1RL that changes chiasma location from distal to proximal, or heterozygous for the inversion. Physical mapping of recombination produced in the ditelocentric heterozygote (1RL/1RLinv) showed that 70% of crossovers in the arm were confined to a terminal segment representing 10% of the 1RL length. The dynamics of the arms 1RL and 1RLinv during zygotene demonstrates that crossover-rich regions are more active in recognizing the homologous partner and developing synapsis than crossover-poor regions. When the crossover-rich regions are positioned in the vicinity of chromosome ends, their association is facilitated by telomere clustering; when they are positioned centrally in one of the two-armed chromosomes and distally in the homolog, their association is probably derived from chromosome elongation. On the other hand, chromosome movements that disassemble the bouquet may facilitate chromosome pairing correction by dissolution of improper chromosome associations. Taken together, these data support that repair of DSBs via crossover is essential in both the search of the homologous partner and consolidation of homologous synapsis

Bovine Tuberculosis in Doñana Biosphere Reserve: The Role of Wild Ungulates as Disease Reservoirs in the Last Iberian Lynx Strongholds

Doñana National Park (DNP) in southern Spain is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve where commercial hunting and wildlife artificial feeding do not take place and traditional cattle husbandry still exists. Herein, we hypothesized that Mycobacterium bovis infection prevalence in wild ungulates will depend on host ecology and that variation in prevalence will reflect variation in the interaction between hosts and environmental risk factors. Cattle bTB reactor rates increased in DNP despite compulsory testing and culling of infected animals. In this study, 124 European wild boar, 95 red deer, and 97 fallow deer were sampled from April 2006 to April 2007 and analyzed for M. bovis infection. Modelling and GIS were used to identify risk factors and intra and inter-species relationships. Infection with M. bovis was confirmed in 65 (52.4%) wild boar, 26 (27.4%) red deer and 18 (18.5%) fallow deer. In the absence of cattle, wild boar M. bovis prevalence reached 92.3% in the northern third of DNP. Wild boar showed more than twice prevalence than that in deer (p<0.001). Modelling revealed that M. bovis prevalence decreased from North to South in wild boar (p<0.001) and red deer (p<0.01), whereas no spatial pattern was evidenced for fallow deer. Infection risk in wild boar was dependent on wild boar M. bovis prevalence in the buffer area containing interacting individuals (p<0.01). The prevalence recorded in this study is among the highest reported in wildlife. Remarkably, this high prevalence occurs in the absence of wildlife artificial feeding, suggesting that a feeding ban alone would have a limited effect on wildlife M. bovis prevalence. In DNP, M. bovis transmission may occur predominantly at the intra-species level due to ecological, behavioural and epidemiological factors. The results of this study allow inferring conclusions on epidemiological bTB risk factors in Mediterranean habitats that are not managed for hunting purposes. Our results support the need to consider wildlife species for the control of bTB in cattle and strongly suggest that bTB may affect animal welfare and conservation

Use of AFLP and RAPD molecular genetic markers and cytogenetic analysis to explore relationships among taxa of the Patagonian Bromus setifolius complex

Bromus setifolius var. pictus (Hook) Skottsb., B. setifolius var. setifolius Presl. and B.setifolius var. brevifolius Ness are three native Patagonian taxa in the section Pnigma Dumort of the genus Bromus L. AFLP and RAPD analysis, in conjunction with genetic distance measurements and statistical techniques, revealed variation within this group and indicated that B. setifolius var. brevifolius was closely related to B. setifolius var. pictus, with both taxa being more distantly related to B. setifolius var. setifolius. Cytogenetic analysis confirmed the chromosomal number of B. setifolius var. pictus (2n = 70) and B. setifolius var. setifolius (2n = 28) and showed for the first time that B. setifolius var. brevifolius had 2n = 70. The combination of molecular genetic and cytogenetic evidence supported a species status for two of the three taxa and suggested hypotheses for the evolutionary origin of these complex taxa. Species status was also indicated for B. setifolius var. setifolius. Based on these findings, we suggest that B. setifolius var. pictus be referred to as B. pictus Hook var. pictus, and B. setifolius var brevifolius as B. pictus Hook var brevifolius. The correlation between AFLP diversity and variation in ecological parameters suggested that this marker system could be used to assess breeding progress and to monitor the domestication of Patagonian Bromus species for agronomic use

Active fold system in the northern continental margin of the Alboran Sea (Western Mediterranean)

En el margen septentrional del Mar de Alborán, la deformación compresiva relacionada con la convergencia entre las placas de Eurasia y Nubia se resuelve mediante una intensa fracturación según dos grandes sistemas de fallas de dirección NNE-SSO con movimiento sinestro y NO-SE de desplazamiento dextral-normal. El análisis estructural de los elementos geomorfológicos presentes en el fondo marino permite establecer, además, una serie de elementos morfológicos generados por la actividad de pliegues anticlinales y sinclinales que conforman una serie de elevaciones de dirección N050-060ºE. Estos pliegues deforman a las unidades sedimentarias superficiales y han sido activos al menos durante el Cuaternario, como lo demuestra el patrón de espesores de las unidades sísmicas afectadas por el plegamiento y la deformación de la superficie erosiva asociada a una terraza contornítica. Este patrón de estructuras se interpreta como generado por la deformación existente sobre una falla de cabalgamiento, vergente hacia el norte, que asume parte de la deformación compresiva causada por la indentación del bloque de la Dorsal de Alborán.In the northern margin of the Alboran Sea, the compressive deformation related to the convergence between the Nubian and Eurasian plates is resolved by an intense fracturing along two large fault systems trending NNE-SSW with left-lateral movements and NW-SE with right-lateral normal components. The structural analysis of the geomorphological elements on the seafloor also allows us to establish a series of morphological elements generated by the activity of some anticline and syncline fold sets. It is basically a series of ridges heading N050-060ºE. These folds deform the shallow sedimentary units and have been active at least during the Quaternary, as evidenced by the thickness pattern of seismic units affected by the folding and the deformation of an erosive surface associated with a contouritic terrace. This pattern of structures is interpreted to be generated by the overlying deformation on a thrust fault, verging towards the north, which assumes part of the compressive deformation caused by the indentation of the Alborán Ridge block.Versión del edito