The collection of amphibians from Madrid at the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales and its utility in conservation

[EN] We present the revised catalogue of the amphibians deposited in the “Colección de Anfibios y Reptiles” of the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales that have been collected in the Comunidad Autónoma of Madrid. It consists of 2272 records of 18 species, including all species present in Madrid except Hyla meridionalis. We evaluate the collection on the basis of the representation of the specimens collected in relation with: 1) the present distribution of each amphibian species in Madrid, considering the number of UTM 10x10 km grid cells represented in the collection in relation with the total number of grids occupied by each species in Madrid; 2) the number of intraspecific subunits that are relevant from a conservation perspective (subspecies or groups of populations that are differentiated on ecological or genetic grounds) that are represented in the collection. Representation values range from 0% (Hyla meridionalis) to 50% (Triturus alpestris). We also include information on the conservation status of some populations from historical collection sites and conclude that at least 10 breeding sites have disappeared as a consequence of human activities, with the subsequent local extinction of their associated amphibian populations. We have also documented the disappearance of some species from unaltered areas. Finally, we discuss the utility of scientific collections in facing practical aspects of the management and conservation of endangered groups like amphibians.[ES] Se presenta el catálogo revisado de los anfibios de la Colección de Anfibios y Reptiles del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales colectados en la Comunidad de Madrid. En total, consta de 2272 entradas correspondientes a 18 especies, que incluyen todas las presentes en la Comunidad excepto Hyla meridionalis. Se valora la colección en función del grado de representatividad de los ejemplares de la colección en relación con: 1) la distribución actual de las especies de anfibios en Madrid, considerando el % de cuadrículas UTM de 10x10 km del total del área de distribución de cada especie que se encuentran representadas en la colección; 2) el número de unidades infraespecíficas relevantes desde el punto de vista de la conservación (subespecies o grupos de poblaciones diferenciados ecológica o genéticamente) representados en la colección para cada especie. Los valores de representatividad obtenidos oscilan entre el 0% (Hyla meridionalis) y el 50% (Triturus alpestris). Además, se aporta información acerca de algunas de las poblaciones asentadas en los lugares de colecta históricos, lo que permite concluir que al menos 10 puntos de reproducción han desaparecido durante los últimos años como resultado de la actividad humana, con la consiguiente extinción local de esas poblaciones de anfibios. Por otro lado, en ciertos casos también se ha documentado la desaparición de especies en áreas aparentemente inalteradas. Finalmente, se discute la utilidad de las colecciones museológicas para afrontar aspectos prácticos relacionados con la gestión y conservación de grupos amenazados como los anfibios.El trabajo de IMS estáfinanciado por una beca predoctoral MNCN-CSIC-CAM.Peer reviewe

The reptile type specimens preserved in the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC) of Madrid, Spain

13 páginas, 3 figuras y 2 tables.A first complete list of the reptile type specimens preserved in the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC) of Madrid (updated until 15 July 2012) is provided. The collection houses a total of 318 type specimens representing 24 taxa belonging to 6 families and 12 genera. There are 22 taxa represented by primary types (19 holotypes, 2 neotypes and 1 lectotype) and at least one paratype, and only two taxa are exclusively represented by one secondary type (paratype). The collection is specially rich in Spanish endemisms. Special attention is deserved by the type series of many subspecies of Podarcis lilfordi described by A. Salvador and V. Pérez-Mellado. All type specimens are housed in the Herpetological collection except Blanus mariae and Psammodromus occidentalis type series and Psammodromus hispanicus (neotype) which are preserved in the DNA/Tissues Collection.For the technical support we thank the projects CGL2008-04164 (Dr. I. de la Riva, Principal Investigator), HUM2007- 62687 (Dr C. Martín, Principal Investigator) and Fauna Ibérica Project CGL2007-66786-C08-01 (Dr. Marian Ramos, Principal Investigator).Peer reviewe

Analysis of the start to the first hurdle in 110m hurdles at the IAAF World Athletics Championships Beijing 2015

The purpose of this study was to use observational analysis to evaluate the relationships between variables measured at the start of the men’s 110 hurdles event and race performance itself. Data were obtained for competitors in 2015 IAAF World Athletics Ch ampionships, in Beijing, China. The athletes’ start was quantified by reaction time and time to the first hurdle; their action over the first hurdle was quantified by the take - off distance (i.e., the distance from the last step to the first hurdle), the la nding distance, and the total distance in the air over the first hurdle. Regression analyses revealed that the combination of one measure of the start (either reaction time or time to the first hurdle) and the measure of propulsion over the first hurdle (d istance in air over the first hurdle) predicted performance (SEE = 0.23 s in the heats, SEE = 0.16 s in the semi - finals, SEE = 0.09 s in the finals). In addition, looking at performances in the finals, where all athletes with available data used a seven - st ep approach to the first hurdle, inclusion of stride length data improved the prediction somewhat (SEE = 0.07 s). The results demonstrate that a combination of a fast start, rapid acceleration, and strong drive over the first hurdle quantifiably explains a nd contributes to performance in the men’s 110 m hurdles at the highest level

Analysis Gender Stereotypes in perception profile of conduct in track and field

In our current world, the existance of obstacles to acknowledge women’s equal abiliAes is real. Legally there are no barriers. The Sports Act of the government of Andalusia (Law 5/2016, July 19) determines the right to equality between genders. This is what has been called the glass ceiling. Gender stereotypes about behavior profile recreate constraints that occur in everyday pracAces, power relaAons and insAtuAonal arrangements of the general social order. Thee stereotypes are rooted in sports. In this sense. The objecAve of this study was to "interprete different gender stereotypes that exist regarding men’s and women’s profile of conduct in athleAcs.

Meniscectomía por Cirugía Artroscópica

El propósito de este trabajo es presentar la experiencia y valoración estadística de 83 artroscopias de rodilla realizadas por los autores, durante el año 1988, describiendo la patología hallada, la técnica empleada, complicaciones per y postoperatorias así como la estancia media hospitalaria de estos pacientes.With this work, the authors showed their experience and statistic evaluation of 83 arthroscopies of the knee in 1988, describing the pathological findings, technical procedure used, complications during and after the arthroscopy as well as the average stay of these patients in the hospital

Revisión de ejemplares etiquetados como ejemplares tipo. Colección de Mamíferos de Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN‐ CSIC): una primera aproximación

Comunicación presentada en las III Jornadas de Colecciones y Documentación (Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (Madrid), 19 y 20 de abril de 2016)Peer reviewe

Feeding Habits of the Invasive Weakfish (Cynoscion regalis) in the Gulf of Cadiz

Weakfish (Cynoscion regalis) has been present in Iberian waters since at least 2011, when it was first recorded in the Guadalquivir estuary. Little is known about the preferences and feeding strategies of weakfish outside of its native range; therefore, in this work, we carried out a comprehensive study between March 2021 and September 2021 to elucidate these matters. In total, the stomach contents of 300 fish were examined. The fish were collected in spring and summer in the Gulf of Cadiz (Spain), with individuals caught ranging from 185 to 590 mm in total length. Due to the sampling period and size range of individuals, ontogenic and seasonal (spring–summer) variations in the diet were also explored. Overall, fish and crustaceans were the dominant groups consumed by weakfish. The European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and caramote prawn (Penaeus kerathurus) were the most abundant prey in each group. While no differences were found in the percentage of occurrence of fish in the non-empty stomachs analyzed in spring and summer (83%), a small increase was found in the percentage of occurrence of crustaceans from spring (20%) to summer (29%). In addition, the analysis of the results also suggested that weakfish of smaller sizes feed more on crustaceans, while bigger individuals feed mainly on fish. Our findings indicate that weakfish is a fully carnivorous species with a preference for fish. All this is in line with the diet and strategy that weakfish exhibits in its native area and with the first assessment made with the existing population in the Sado Estuary (Portugal). In recent years, due to the appearance of non-native species, there is increasing concern among local fishermen and the local authorities about the reduction in captures of certain species such as Penaeus kerathurus; therefore, this study could help researchers to understand the role of weakfish concerning this matter. The present study contributes to the ecological knowledge about this species in the Iberian Peninsula and the Gulf of Cadiz, helping the local authorities to establish, if needed, an appropriate management program to cope with this recently introduced species

Prótesis modular de cadera Poropalcar : resultados clínicos en 106 pacientes con 3 años de evolución

Los resultados tras reemplazamiento total de cadera con prótesis de superficie porometal «poropros», para fijación biológica, han sido evaluados en 106 pacientes después de tres años de evolución. La valoración clínica se ha realizado según el sistema de Harris modificado, obteniendo un 91,5% de buenos resultados y un 8,5% de resultados regulares incluyendo todos los enfermos de cualquier edad y patología. El estudio realizado a partir de parámetros clínicos y radiográficos permite apreciar una buena fijación primaria de la prótesis y una excelente estabilidad de la misma, tanto para el componente femoral como cotiloideo.In a series of 106 patients who undewent porocoated total hip arthroplasty, the results were evaluated after three years follow-up. Harris'score was used for clinical assesment, obtaining 91,5% of good results and 8,5% of fair results, including all the cases whichever aetiology and age. Clinical and radiographic studies showed a good primary fixation and excellent stability in both the acetabular and the femoral stem components

La displasia congénita de cadera y el grupo sanguíneo

Este trabajo analiza la relación existente entre la displasia congénita de la cadera y el grupo sanguíneo. El estudio comprende 116 recién nacidos diagnosticados de displasia congenita de cadera a los que se le aplican los parámetros de grupo sanguí- neo de los sistemas A-B-O y Rh. Como grupo comparativo se calculan las frecuencias fenotípicas de la población española y de la población gallega para observar su comportamiento, lo que nos lleva a la conclusión de que los enfermos con displasia congénita de cadera presentan un patrón de antígenos eritrocitarios de superficie propio y distinto de la población normal.This work analyse the relationship between the Congenital Dysplasia of the Hip and blood group. 116 newborns diagnosed of Congenital Hip Dysplasia are included in the study, and in all of them are applied the parameters of ABO and Rh groups. As comparative group, it comput e the phenotypic frecuencies of Spanish and galician population to observe their behaviour. They conclude that the patients with Congenital Dysplasia of the Hip show a pattern of erythrocytic antigens of surface own and different of the normal population

S2P: A software tool to quickly carry out reproducible biomedical research projects involving 2D-gel and MALDI-TOF MS protein data

Background and objective 2D-gel electrophoresis is widely used in combination with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in order to analyze the proteome of biological samples. For instance, it can be used to discover proteins that are differentially expressed between two groups (e.g. two disease conditions, case vs. control, etc.) thus obtaining a set of potential biomarkers. This procedure requires a great deal of data processing in order to prepare data for analysis or to merge and integrate data from different sources. This kind of work is usually done manually (e.g. copying and pasting data into spreadsheet files), which is highly time consuming and distracts the researcher from other important, core tasks. Moreover, engaging in a repetitive process in a non-automated, handling-based manner is prone to error, thus threatening reliability and reproducibility. The objective of this paper is to present S2P, an open source software to overcome these drawbacks. Methods S2P is implemented in Java on top of the AIBench framework, and relies on well-established open source libraries to accomplish different tasks. Results S2P is an AIBench based desktop multiplatform application, specifically aimed to process 2D-gel and MALDI-mass spectrometry protein identification-based data in a computer-aided, reproducible manner. Different case studies are presented in order to show the usefulness of S2P. Conclusions S2P is open source and free to all users at http://www.sing-group.org/s2p. Through its user-friendly GUI interface, S2P dramatically reduces the time that researchers need to invest in order to prepare data for analysis.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. TIN2013-47153-C3-3-RXunta de GaliciaFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. SFRH/BD/109201/2015Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. SFRH/BD/120537/201