Bank ownership, lending relationships and capital structure: Evidence from Spain

This paper analyses the influence of bank ownership and lending on capital structure for a sample of listed and unlisted Spanish firms in the period 2005–2012. The results suggest that bank ownership allows banks to obtain better information and reduce the agency costs of debt, as it has a positive relationship with the maturity of debt and a negative relationship with the cost of debt. These results are consistent with the predominance of the monitoring effect in bank ownership over the expropriation effect. The role of banks as shareholders and lenders also contributes to reduce agency cost of debt, as it reduces debt cost. JEL classification: G32, Keywords: Bank ownership, Bank lending, Debt, Debt maturity, Debt cos

Non-Projective Dependency Parsing with Non-Local Transitions

We present a novel transition system, based on the Covington non-projective parser, introducing non-local transitions that can directly create arcs involving nodes to the left of the current focus positions. This avoids the need for long sequences of No-Arc transitions to create long-distance arcs, thus alleviating error propagation. The resulting parser outperforms the original version and achieves the best accuracy on the Stanford Dependencies conversion of the Penn Treebank among greedy transition-based algorithms.Comment: Proceedings of NAACL-HLT 2018. 8 page

Vida y dichos de Santo Toribio de Liébana conservados en el monasterio que lleva su nombre.

Sin resume

A new survey of cool supergiants in the Magellanic Clouds

In this study, we conduct a pilot program aimed at the red supergiant population of the Magellanic Clouds. We intend to extend the current known sample to the unexplored low end of the brightness distribution of these stars, building a more representative dataset with which to extrapolate their behaviour to other Galactic and extra-galactic environments. We select candidates using only near infrared photometry, and with medium resolution multi-object spectroscopy, we perform spectral classification and derive their line-of-sight velocities, confirming the nature of the candidates and their membership to the clouds. Around two hundred new RSGs have been detected, hinting at a yet to be observed large population. Using near and mid infrared photometry we study the brightness distribution of these stars, the onset of mass-loss and the effect of dust in their atmospheres. Based on this sample, new a priori classification criteria are investigated, combining mid and near infrared photometry to improve the observational efficiency of similar programs as this.Comment: 39 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in A&

A Full Non-Monotonic Transition System for Unrestricted Non-Projective Parsing

Restricted non-monotonicity has been shown beneficial for the projective arc-eager dependency parser in previous research, as posterior decisions can repair mistakes made in previous states due to the lack of information. In this paper, we propose a novel, fully non-monotonic transition system based on the non-projective Covington algorithm. As a non-monotonic system requires exploration of erroneous actions during the training process, we develop several non-monotonic variants of the recently defined dynamic oracle for the Covington parser, based on tight approximations of the loss. Experiments on datasets from the CoNLL-X and CoNLL-XI shared tasks show that a non-monotonic dynamic oracle outperforms the monotonic version in the majority of languages.Comment: 11 pages. Accepted for publication at ACL 201

Effects of resistance training on the body fat in obese people: systematic review

La obesidad, una de las enfermedades más preocupantes hoy en día, ha impulsado la búsqueda de nuevas estrategias interdisciplinares entre la comunidad científica. Una línea de investigación de actual relevancia es la que analiza en qué medida un programa de intervención con cargas tiene efecto sobre la reducción de la obesidad. En este trabajo se revisa la producción bibliográfica hasta el año 2011 que ha investigado el efecto de los programas basados única y exclusivamente en entrenamiento con cargas, sobre la grasa corporal en personas obesas. Los resultados son divergentes, pues la mitad de estudios concluyen que el entrenamiento con cargas reduce la grasa corporal y la otra mitad no, si bien en ningún estudio se ha incrementado significativamente la grasa corporal de los participantes. Se aportan cuáles han sido los parámetros de entrenamiento y se sugieren pautas para la investigación a corto plazo sobre este particularNowadays obesity is a disease of high prevalence, that’s why scientific community is interested to research it. A line of relevant investigation is to analyze effects of strength training on reduction of obesity. This paper reviews the bibliographic research until the year 2011 which analyzed if the strength training reduces body fat of obese people. Results found are divergent. Half of studies conclude that training with loads reduces body fat and the other half do not. However, there are not studies where participants increased their body fat. At the same time, this study reports about some strength training parameters and about guidelines for future research in this topi

The population of M-type supergiants in the starburst cluster Stephenson 2

The open cluster Stephenson 2 contains the largest collection of red supergiants known in the Galaxy, and at present is the second most massive young cluster known in the Milky Way. We have obtained multi-epoch, intermediate-resolution spectra around the CaII triplet for more than 30 red supergiants in Stephenson~2 and its surroundings. We find a clear separation between a majority of RSGs having spectral types M0-M2 and the brightest members in the NIR, which have very late spectral types and show strong evidence for heavy mass loss. The distribution of spectral types is similar to that of RSGs in other clusters, such as NGC 7419, or associations, like Per OB1. The cluster data strongly support the idea that heavy mass loss and maser emission is preferentially associated with late-M spectral types, suggesting that they represent an evolutionary phase.Comment: Contribution to the Betelgeuse workshop, November 2012, Paris. To be published in the European Astronomical Society Publications Series, editors: Pierre Kervella, Thibaut Le Bertre & Guy Perri

Current status of EGFR/ErbB inhibitors in non-small cell lung carcinoma

Durante los últimos 10 años hemos asistido a un cambio importante en el tratamiento del cáncer de pulmón (CP). El descubrimiento en 2004 de las mutaciones activadoras del receptor del factor de crecimiento epidérmico (EGFR) en alguno de los subgrupos histológicos del CP y su sensibilidad frente a los inhibidores tirosina quinasa (TKI, del inglés tirosine kinase inhibitors) ha supuesto un avance importante en el tratamiento del CP. Hasta este momento, la única opción disponible para tratar este tipo de tumores se basaba en la quimioterapia con un impacto beneficioso limitado pero significativo tanto en la supervivencia como en la calidad de vida de los pacientes. La llegada de estos nuevos agentes dirigidos frente a las mutaciones activadoras del receptor del factor de crecimiento epidérmico (EGFR, del inglés “epidermal growth factor receptor”) dio comienzo a la era de la “medicina de precisión” con terapias dirigidas, capaces de actuar en el origen del tumor permitiendo asegurar un beneficio terapéutico minimizando los efectos adversos y retrasando la administración de quimioterapia. Asimismo esto ha producido un cambio en el paradigma diagnóstico del cáncer de pulmón (y también de todos los tumores), pasando de un diagnóstico meramente histológico, hacia una clasificación de los tumores en función de sus características mutacionales. Esto ha sido posible gracias al desarrollo tecnológico que permite realizar complejos análisis del ADN. Estas técnicas junto con el esfuerzo conjunto de investigadores de todo el mundo permite seguir descubriendo alteraciones genéticas que pueden ser diana de nuevos medicamentos, así como definir los mecanismos de actividad y de resistencia a los tratamientos. Este desarrollo extraordinario de los tratamientos dirigidos no puede cambiar el hecho de que el cáncer de pulmón metastásico sigue siendo una enfermedad incurable y aún son pocos los pacientes que se benefician de estos tratamientos dirigidos. Las investigaciones que se siguen realizando nos permitirán continuar conociendo las alteraciones moleculares que dan origen al cáncer de pulmón y nos ofrecerán nuevas alternativas de tratamiento para esta enfermedad