Los invencibles hechos de don Quijote de la Mancha : entremés famoso

Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2012-2013Precede al tít: Curiosidad bibliográfic

Life Cycle Engineering 4.0: A Proposal to Conceive Manufacturing Systems for Industry 4.0 Centred on the Human Factor (DfHFinI4.0)

Engineering 4.0 environments are characterised by the digitisation, virtualisation, and connectivity of products, processes, and facilities composed of reconfigurable and adaptive socio-technical cyber-physical manufacturing systems (SCMS), in which Operator 4.0 works in real time in VUCA (volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous) contexts and markets. This situation gives rise to the interest in developing a framework for the conception of SCMS that allows the integration of the human factor, management, training, and development of the competencies of Operator 4.0 as fundamental aspects of the aforementioned system. The present paper is focused on answering how to conceive the adaptive manufacturing systems of Industry 4.0 through the operation, growth, and development of human talent in VUCA contexts. With this objective, exploratory research is carried, out whose contribution is specified in a framework called Design for the Human Factor in Industry 4.0 (DfHFinI4.0). From among the conceptual frameworks employed therein, the connectivist paradigm, Ashby's law of requisite variety and Vigotsky's activity theory are taken into consideration, in order to enable the affective-cognitive and timeless integration of the human factor within the SCMS. DfHFinI4.0 can be integrated into the life cycle engineering of the enterprise reference architectures, thereby obtaining manufacturing systems for Industry 4.0 focused on the human factor. The suggested framework is illustrated as a case study for the Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture (PERA) methodology, which transforms it into PERA 4.0

Metodología para la tipificación y caracterización estructural de paisajes en comarcas forestales españolas

The Forest Resources Management Plans are basic planning tools of the current Spanish Forest Law. Landscape ecology principles and methods on a regional scale are applicable to these Plans. This paper, part of ECOPORF project, proposes a methodology for the classification of landscapes in forest districts and the characterization of their structure. The definitive Landscape Types integrate the abiotic variables used in a previous Land Classification and the biotic information provided by the Spanish Forest Map (1:50.000). The calculation of certain landscape indices determines the characteristic composition and configuration of each Landscape Type. Finally, a method is proposed for the design of stratified sampling in landscape monitoring studies. This methodology provides a basic starting point for further development of Forest Resources Management Plans.Los Planes de Ordenación de los Recursos Forestales constituyen un instrumento básico de planificación forestal de la actual Ley de Montes (43/2003) española. La escala comarcal de esta figura es adecuada para la aplicación de conceptos y métodos relativos a la ecología del paisaje. Así, en este trabajo, encuadrado dentro del proyecto ECOPORF, se muestra una metodología para el establecimiento de una tipología de paisajes en comarcas forestales y su posterior caracterización estructural. Para ello, a partir de variables abióticas, se desarrolla un modelo de Clasificación Territorial que sirve como base para la definición y delimitación de Tipos de Paisaje, en la que se integra la información biótica proveniente del Mapa Forestal de España (1:50.000). El cálculo de determinados índices de paisaje en los diferentes Tipos permite definir su composición y configuración características. Por último, en el trabajo se propone un método para la selección de cuadrículas muestrales, con utilidad para la realización de estudios de monitorización del paisaje. El conocimiento obtenido tras el seguimiento de la metodología mostrada supone un punto de partida fundamental para el desarrollo de las siguientes fases de la elaboración de un Plan de Ordenación de los Recursos Forestales

Wet and dry African dust episodes over eastern Spain

The impact of the African dust on levels of atmospheric suspended particulate matter (SPM) and on wet deposition was evaluated in eastern Iberia for the period 1996–2002. An effort was made to compile both the SPM and wet episodes. To this end, the time series of levels of TSP and PM10 in Levantine air quality monitoring stations were evaluated and complemented with the computation of back trajectories, satellite images, and meteorological analysis. Wet deposition frequency was obtained from weekly collected precipitation data at a rural background station in which the African chemical signature was identified (mainly pH and Ca2+ concentrations). A number of African dust episodes (112) were identified (16 episodes per year). In 93 out of the 112 (13 episodes per year) the African dust influence caused high SPM levels. In 49 out of 112 (7 episodes per year), wet deposition was detected, and the chemistry was influenced by dust. There is a clear seasonal trend with higher frequency of dust outbreaks in May-August, with second modes in March and October. Wet events followed a different pattern, with a marked maximum in May. Except for one event, December was devoid of African air mass intrusions. On the basis of seasonal meteorological patterns affecting the Iberian Peninsula, an interpretation of the meteorological scenarios causing African dust transport over Iberia was carried out. Four scenarios were identified with a clear seasonal trend. The impact of the different dust outbreak scenarios on the levels of PM10 recorded at a rural site (Monagrega, Teruel, Spain) in the period 1996–2002 was also evaluated.This study was financed by the Spanish Ministries of the Environment and Science of Technology, project REN2001-0659

An assessment of beaked redfish (S. mentella and S. fasciatus) in NAFO Division 3M, from a biological based approach to recent levels of natural mortality (2011-2016)

The 3M redfish assessment is focused on the beaked redfish, regarded as a management unit composed of two populations from two very similar species: the Flemish Cap S. mentella and S. fasciatus. The reason for this approach is the historical dominance of this group in the 3M redfish commercial catch until 2005. However a new golden redfish fishery (S. marinus) started on September 2005 on shallower depths of the Flemish Cap bank above 300m, and the Flemish Cap cod fishery reopened in 2010. These new realities implied a revision of catch estimates, in order to split recent redfish commercial catch and by-catch from the major fleets on Div. 3M into golden (S. marinus) and beaked (S. mentella and S. faThe Extended Survivor Analysis assessment used as tuning file the 1989-2016 EU survey abundance at age matrix included in a revised input framework. Continuing pressure over Flemish Cap redfish stocks by cod predation, at levels higher, or much higher, than the levels prior to 2006 lead to higher natural mortalities since then. In order to include an independent approach to natural mortality in the sensitivity M framework, for the more recent years (2011-2016) natural mortality has been estimated from a number of different biological models, some size/age-independent and others size/age-dependent. These different estimates were arranged in two sets and tuned to survey at age data. A natural mortality of 0.1 on 2015-2016 and the natural mortalities adjusted on previous assessments were found to be the most suitable option to M input. A 2017-2013 retrospective XSA was performed, confirming the consistency of the present with preceding results as regards stock biomass, female spawning biomass and fishing mortality.sciatus) redfish catches. Above average year classes and high survival rates allowed a rapid growth of biomass and abundance 2003 onwards, pulling the stock to a 2008-2010 high. Since 2009 abundance went down for causes other than fishing, being still above the 1990’s low in 2016. By the turn of the decade stock biomass and female spawning biomass (SSB) shown marginal declines as well, but reversed on 2011-2012. Individual growth of survivors and low fishing mortalities sustained stock biomass and SSB at high levels till 2015-2016. Recruitment at age 4 increased from 2002 till 2006 and was maintained at a maximum level till 2009. Recruitment declined since then and is kept on 2015-2016 at the low of the weak year classes from the 1990’s, while SSB is still well above the size that originated the high 2002-2006 recruitments. Despite the significant decline so far natural mortality has not flattened yet. If natural mortality and fishing mortality stay at their most recent levels, the actual high of female spawning biomass can hold on 2018-2019. But on the long term it will be natural mortality, namely over pre recruited ages, to determine the future of beaked redfish as a fishery resource. On 2015 STACFIS remind that projections are based in the assumption that natural mortality stay at its most recent level on the present year and at least on the two next coming years. And that, taking into account the uncertainty on the present and future level of natural mortality, its impact on female spawning stock biomass at the end of any projection is unknown. On 2017 these constraints are still in place, and therefore short and medium term projections are not presented.Versión del edito

EFECTO ANTIFÚNGICO DE CAPSAICINA Y EXTRACTOS DE CHILE PIQUÍN (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L. VAR. AVICULARE) SOBRE EL CRECIMIENTO IN VITRO DE ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS

The piquin chile as a component of submontane shrubland in northeastern Mexico, is anannual plant that also grows and developsacross the tropics. In addition to its culinaryuses the fruit has been reported as havingcompounds with stimulant, choleretic anddigestive activity, helpful in the treatmentof cardiovascular and chronic degenerative diseases and able to reduce the risk ofcancer or act as a bactericide. Given thisdiversity of effects and seeking alternativesto help improve the quality of agriculturalproduction, the biological activity of ethanol extracts of piquin chile fruits (Capsicumannuum var. aviculare L.) and of capsaicinon Aspergillus flavus growth was evaluated,using two techniques: 1) In the well in platediffusion technique, 20 μL of capsaicin orextract at a concentration of 200, 400, 600,800 and 1000 ppm were poured into wellsmade in potato dextrose agar (PDA) platespreviously inoculated with A. flavus spores.2) For the dilution technique, 2 mL of capsaicin or fruit extract in the concentrationsmentioned were added to PDA making ahomogeneous mixture before solidification.The activity of the treatments was reflectedby the formation of an inhibition halo andthe radial growth of fungus in each technique, respectively. The results showed thatboth capsaicin and piquin chile extractssignificantly inhibited radial growths of A.flavus, these results are statistically equal tothose obtained by applying the commercialfungicide captan.El chile piquín, como componente del matorral submontano del noreste de México,es una planta anual que también crece yse desarrolla de manera continua en zonastropicales. Además de los usos culinariosse ha reportado su actividad en problemascardiovasculares, enfermedades crónicasdegenerativas, estimulante, digestivay colerético, así como su capacidad dereducir los riesgos de contraer cáncer ycomo bactericida. Ante esta diversidad deaplicaciones y en busca de alternativas quecontribuyan a mejorar la calidad de la producción agrícola, se plantea la evaluaciónde la actividad biológica de extractos etanólicos de frutos de chile piquín (Capsicumannuum L. var aviculare) y de capsaicina,sobre el crecimiento de Aspergillus flavus,mediante dos técnicas: 1) técnica del pozoen agar-papa-dextrosa (PDA) con la adición20μL de cada uno de los tratamientos enconcentraciones de 200, 400, 600, 800 y1000 ppm., 2) la técnica de dilución en agar(PDA) que consiste en realizar una mezclahomogénea entre las soluciones de los tratamientos y el agar (PDA) antes de su solidificación. La actividad de los tratamientosse reflejó por la formación de un halo deinhibición y por el crecimiento radial delhongo, en cada técnica respectivamente.Los resultados obtenidos mostraron quetanto la capsaicina como los extractos dechile piquín inhibieron significativamente elcrecimiento radial de A. flavus, siendo estosresultados estadísticamente comparables alos que se obtienen al aplicar el fungicidacomercial captán

α-Glucosidase and α- amylase inhibition potentials of ten wild Mexican species of Verbenaceae

Purpose: To evaluate the inhibitory activity of 10 wild Verbenaceae species from Mexico against α- glucosidase and α-amylase.Methods: Ethanol leaf extracts of 10 Verbenaceae species from Mexico were prepared. The inhibitory activity of the extracts against α-glucosidase and α-amylase was evaluated using enzymatic protocols. At least four serial diluted concentrations of each extract was used to calculate the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50).Results: The 10 evaluated Verbenaceae species showed high α-glucosidase inhibition activity, but a low inhibitory effect on α-amylase. Aloysia gratissima (IC50 = 0.122 mg/mL), Verbena carolina (IC50 = 0.112 mg/mL), Bouchea prismatica (IC50 = 0.122 mg/mL), Verbena menthiflora (IC50 = 0.071mg/mL) and Priva mexicana (IC50 = 0.032 mg/mL) exhibited the strongest inhibitory activities against α- glucosidase.Conclusion: All the Verbenaceae species studied possess α-glucosidase inhibitory effect, with P. mexicana being the one with the strongest activity. These findings demonstrate the highs potential of these species as a source of natural antihyperglycemic agents for type 2 diabetes therapy.Keywords: Hyperglycemic, Diabetes, α-Glucosidase, α-Amylase Verbenaceae, Aloysia gratissima, Bouchea prismatica, Priva mexican

Efecto del estrés osmótico sobre el desarrollo in vitro de plántulas de albahaca Ocimum basilicum L.

Se prepararon medios de cultivo adicionados con Polietilenglicol (PEG) y solución salina (NaCl) correspondientes a los tratamientos de sequia (2%, 4% y 6% PEG 3350) y salinidad (25mM, 50mM y 75mM NaCl), en los cuales se colocaron semillas de albahaca previamente desinfectadas. Se colocaron en una Cámara Bioclimática (Lab-Line) bajo condiciones de 12 h luz y 27oC. A los 30 días de su siembra se evaluó el porcentaje de germinación, altura de plántula, longitud de raíz, número de hojas, tamaño de la hoja, peso fresco, peso seco y contenido de prolina libre como indicador de estrés. El porcentaje de germinación y el número de hojas no presentan diferencia significativa entre los tratamientos de sequía y salinidad. Mientras que en el resto de los parámetros, se presentó diferencia significativa entre los tratamientos. Evidenciando que las plántulas expuestas a deficiencias hídricas responden positivamente en su desarrollo a estas condiciones de estrés

Neurophilic Descending Migration of Dorsal Midbrain Neurons Into the Hindbrain

Stereotypic cell migrations in the developing brain are fundamental for the proper patterning of brain regions and formation of neural networks. In this work, we uncovered in the developing rat, a population of neurons expressing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) that migrates posteriorly from the alar plate of the midbrain, in neurophilic interaction with axons of the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. A fraction of this population was also shown to traverse the mid-hindbrain boundary, reaching the vicinity of the locus coeruleus (LC) in rhombomere 1 (r1). This migratory population, however, does not have a noradrenergic (NA) phenotype and, in keeping with its midbrain origin, expresses Otx2 which is down regulated upon migration into the hindbrain. The interaction with the trigeminal mesencephalic axons is necessary for the arrangement and distribution of migratory cells as these aspects are dramatically altered in whole embryo cultures upon disruption of trigeminal axon projection by interfering with DCC function. Moreover, in mouse embryos in an equivalent developmental stage, we detected a cell population that also migrates caudally within the midbrain apposed to mesencephalic trigeminal axons but that does not express TH; a fraction of this population expresses calbindin instead. Overall, our work identified TH-expressing neurons from the rat midbrain alar plate that migrate tangentially over long distances within the midbrain and into the hindbrain by means of a close interaction with trigeminal mesencephalic axons. A different migratory population in this region and also in mouse embryos revealed diversity among the cells that follow this descending migratory pathway