Atribución causal y estructuras de aprendizaje en educación física

[Resumen] La presente comunicación nos acerca a un trabajo contextualizado en el ámbito de la Educación Física en el que se estudia la Atribución Causal (explicación que los alumnos y alumnas dan a su éxito académico en esta materia) en el nivel educativo de la E.S.O., relacionándola con las estructuras de aprendizaje - competitiva, cooperativa e individualista -. El principal objetivo de la misma es describir y analizar la distribución de focos atribucionales en relación con estas estructuras de trabajo-aprendizaje. Además se pretende estudiar si las orientaciones del MEC hacia la potenciación de la estructura de aprendizaje cooperativa son compatibles con la realidad en cuanto al foco atribucional de los alumnos. Para ello, seleccionamos de una muestra de 597 sujetos a aquellos que se sitúan en un foco atribucional determinado y observamos que el que predomina es el relacionado con la estructura de aprendizaje cooperativa, por encima de la individualista y la competitiva. Llama la atención en los resultados que no haya personas que presenten un foco atribucional relativo a la capacidad (tendencia a tener una estructura de trabajo competitiva). En las conclusiones se destaca la importancia que tiene el conocimiento de los focos atribucionales de nuestros alumnos en relación con las estructuras de aprendizaj

Sobrepeso en escolares y asociación con la práctica de actividad física y hábitos parentales

[Abstract]: Excess weight in childhood and adolescence is an important health problem that tends to persist in adulthood. Among the causes of this increase there appears to be a consensus on emphasizing physical activity as an excellent strategy to achieve better weight control, and on considering some models of parental practices essential for the acquisition of healthy habits in young people.[Resumo]: O excesso de peso na infância e adolescência constitui-se em um importante problema de saúde que tende a persistir na idade adulta. Entre as causas desse aumento parece existir consenso em destacar a prática de atividade física como uma excelente estratégia para conseguir melhor controle do peso e em considerar alguns modelos de práticas parentais fundamentais para a aquisição de hábitos saudáveis nos jovens[Resumen]: El exceso de peso en la infancia y la adolescencia se constituye en un importante problema de salud que tiende a persistir en la edad adulta. Entre las causas de ese aumento parece existir consenso en destacar la práctica de actividad física como una excelente estrategia para conseguir mejor control del peso y en considerar algunos modelos de prácticas parentales fundamentales para la adquisición de hábitos saludables en los jóvenes

Sport practice with friends and perceived physical competence as predictors of physical activity in adolescents

Understanding which factors influence participation in physical activity is essential for the development and improvement of public health intervention. The aim of this study was to provide an explanatory prediction model for physical activity level in adolescents, involving a number of influencing variables. 576 participants took part in the study: 275 boys and 301 girls aged between 12 and 18 years old (M = 14.80; SD = 1.180). They attended one of the 11 selected schools from Galicia (Spain), chosen by sampling in the seven main urban areas in that region. The International Questionnaire on Physical Education, Health and Lifestyle was administered. The findings revealed that age, sex, physical perceived competence and sport practice with friends had statistically significant influence on physical activity index. By contrast, the influence of perception of physical attractiveness could not be confirmed. Sport practice with friends and physical perceived competence were the main predicting variables for physical activity level. All this knowledge must be taken into account by physical activity and sport professionals, such as teachers or trainers. Likewise, to improve physical perceived competence, it is essential to offer a wide variety of activities, to propose different levels of problem resolution, to help students make adaptive causal attributions based on effort, and to break gender stereotypes. Strategies involving school mates or friends in different PA and sport projects are needed

Parental assessment of physical education in the school curriculum: A brief report on the influence of past experiences as students

The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between parents’ past experience as Physical Education (PE) students and the importance they give to PE within the school curriculum. Parents of 1834 teenagers from Spain and Portugal participated in the study (1834 fathers and 1834 mothers). An 11 item questionnaire was used for data collection. The measures studied were: socio-demographic characteristics, parent´s past experience as PE students, and importance that parents gave to PE in the school curriculum. The results suggest that parents’ past experiences as PE student condition their evaluation of the importance that PE should have in the school curriculum. As the past experience as PE student deteriorated and as age increased, there was an increase in the probability that parents evaluate PE as deserving a less important status in their children’s curriculum. These findings can contribute to understanding how the parents’ past experiences as PE students seem to partially model the value judgements that they make later in life regarding the importance of the subject. IntroductionThe present study was supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain with the project: "Diseño y desarrollo de un software para el análisis del rendimiento en fútbol" (DEP2016-75785-R)S

Participation in Physical Educatioin classes and health-related behaviours among adolescents from 67 coutries

[Abstract]: The present study sought to examine the associations between participation in physical education (PE) classes and a range of health-related behaviours among adolescents. Secondary analysis of self-reported data from the Global Student Health Survey, collected between 2010 and 2017 from 222,121 adolescents (N = 117,914 girls; 49.0%; aged 13–17 years) from 67 countries and five world regions, was carried out. Participation in PE classes (0, 1–2, ≥3 days/week) was the independent variable. Physical activity (PA); sedentary behaviour (SB); active travel to school; fruit, vegetables, and alcohol consumption; and smoking; as well as adopting ≥5 of these healthy behaviours; were the dependent variables. Complex samples logistic regressions were performed to explore the associations between participation in PE classes and health-related behaviours. The results revealed that 18.2% of adolescents did not take part in PE classes. A total of 56.7% and 25.1% of adolescents reported participating in PE classes on 1–2 and ≥3 days/week, respectively. Only 26.8% of adolescents adopted ≥5 healthy behaviours. Participation in PE classes was positively associated with PA, active travel, fruit consumption, and vegetable consumption (only for ≥3 days/week), but was negatively associated with meeting SB recommendations, and with not smoking (only for girls and ≥3 days/week). Overall, PE participation was positively associated with adopting ≥5 healthy behaviours, with favourable results found for those who attended more PE classes. The findings revealed a positive association between participation in PE classes and a range of health-related behaviours among adolescents. This suggests that, worldwide, quality PE should be delivered at least 3 days per week up to daily to promote healthy lifestyles among adolescent

A School With the International Baccalaureate Curriculum and Its Relation With Physical Activity

[Resumo] Este estudo analisou a oferta de uma escola internacional com o currículo International Baccalaureate (IB) para que os alunos, de ambos os sexos, possam cumprir as recomendações de atividade física (AF) da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). Participaram 23 6 alunos (118 rapazes e 118 raparigas) com idades compreendidas dos 10 aos 17 anos, a diretora da escola e um grupo focal de 12 alunos. Utilizou-se mixed methods, através de entrevista com a diretora da escola, grupo focal de alunos e questionários aplicados aos alunos. Fora m avaliados: a frequência no Desporto Escolar (DE); a perceção da carga horária do DE; as perspetivas sobre o currículo IB; o ambiente físic o e social da escola. Após as análises, verificou-se que há mais rapazes a cumprir as recomendações de AF da OMS do que raparigas, que os alunos podem cumprir essas mesmas recomendações apenas com atividades realizadas na escola e que o currículo IB possibilita que os alunos realizem desportos variados oriundos de diferentes países.[Resumen] Este estudio analizó la oferta de un colegio internacional con el plan de estudios de Bachillerato Internacional (BI) para que los alumnos, de ambos géneros, puedan cumplir con las recomendaciones de actividad física (AF) de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Participaron 236 estudiantes (118 niños y 118 niñas) de 10 a 17 años, el director de la escuela y un grupo focal de 12 estudian tes. Se utilizaron métodos mixtos, a través de una entrevista con el director de la escuela, un grupo focal de estudiantes y cuestionarios aplicados a los estudiantes. Se evaluaron: frecuencia en Deporte Escolar (DE); la percepción de la carga de trabajo de DE; perspectivas sobre el currículo del BI y el entorno físico y social de la escuela. Después de los análisis, se encontró que hay más niños que niñas que cumplen con las recomendaciones de AF de la OMS, que los estudiantes solo pueden cumplir estas recomendaciones con actividades realizadas en el colegio y que el currículo del IB permite a los estudiantes practicar deportes variados de diferentes países.[Abstract] This study analysed what does an international school with the curriculum International Baccalaureate (IB) offer so that students from both genders can fulfil the recommendations for physical activity from the World Health Organization (WHO). A total of 236 (118 boys and 118 girls) students, ages between 10 and 17 years old participated in the study, the school principal and a focus group of 12 students also participated in the study. Mix methods were used, through interview with the school principal, focus group and the questionnaires applied to the students. It was assessed: frequency in the school sports; perception of the time given to school sports; perspectives about the IB curriculum; the physical and social environment of the school. After the analysis, it was possible to verify that there are more boys than girls following the recommendations of physical activity of the WHO. And also, that it is possible for students to follow those recommendations just with activities performed in school and that the IB curriculum gives the students the chance of practicing a variety of sports that come from different parts of the world

Relación entre la actividad física de los adolescentes y la de madres/padres

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre la AF de los padres y madres con la de sus hijas e hijos. Participaron en el estudio 1604 adolescentes (807 portugueses, 797 españoles). Para la recogida de datos sobre práctica de AF se utilizó un cuestionario para los adolescentes y otro para los padres y madres. El efecto de la AF de las madres y de los padres sobre la AF de sus hijas e hijos fue evaluado a través de regresión logística multinomial. Los adolescentes con progenitores físicamente activos practicaban semanalmente más veces AF no organizada (59.4% vs. 37.9%, p<0.001), organizada (39.6% vs. 22.7%, p<0.001) y durante más tiempo (24.8% vs. 17.0%, p=0.010) que los que tenían madre y padre poco activos. Los adolescentes con madres activas y padres poco activos (OR=1.8, 95% IC: 1.3-2.7, p=0.002), y los que tenían ambos activos (OR=2.1, 95% IC: 1.4-3.2, p<0.001) tenían mayor probabilidad de practicar AF no organizada. Tener el padre activo y la madre poco activa (OR=1.6, 95% IC: 1.1-2.1, p=0.024) y tener ambos activos (OR=1.6, 95% IC: 1.1-2.3, p=0.017) estaba asociado a una mayor probabilidad de práctica de AF organizada. El presente estudio demostró la existencia de una relación entre la AF de padres y madres con la AF de sus hijos e hijas.This study aimed to examine the relationship between the physical activity (PA) levels of parents and that showed by their children. A sample comprised of 1604 adolescents (807 Portuguese, 797 Spanish)participated in this study. For PA data collection it was used a questionnaire for parents and another one for their children. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between the PA levels of parents and that showed by their children. Adolescents with active parents practiced more often non-organized PA (59.4% vs. 37.9%, p<0.001), organized PA (39.6% vs. 22.7%, p<0.001) on a weekly basis, and during more time (24.8% vs. 17.0%, p=0.010) than those who had a mother and father less actives. Adolescents with active mothers and less active fathers (OR=1.8, 95% IC: 1.3-2.7, p=0.002), and those who had both active parents (OR=2.1, 95% IC: 1.4-3.2, p<0.001) were more likely to practice non-organized PA. To have active father and less active mother (OR=1.6, 95% IC: 1.1-2.1, p=0.024), and have both active parents (OR=1.6, 95% IC: 1.1- 2.3, p=0.017) were associated with a greater likelihood of practice of organized AF. These results highlight the relationship between parents PA participation and their children PA participation.Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre os níveis de atividade física (AF) dos pais e os mostrados pelos respetivos filhos. Participaram no estudo 1604 adolescentes (807 portugueses, 797 espanhóis). Para a recolha de dados referente à AF recorreu-se à aplicação de um questionário para os pais e outro para os filhos. Foi utilizada uma regressão múltipla logística para averiguar a relação entre os níveis de AF dos pais e os mostrados pelos filhos. Adolescentes com pais ativos praticaram AF não organizada mais frequentemente (59,4% vs. 37,9%, p <0,001), AF organizada (39,6% vs. 22,7%, p <0,001) semanalmente e durante mais tempo (24,8% Versus 17,0%, p = 0,010) do que aqueles que tinham uma mãe e pai menos ativos. Adolescentes com mães ativas e pais menos ativos (OR = 1,8, IC 95%: 1,3-2,7, p = 0,002), e aqueles que tiveram ambos os pais ativos (OR = 2,1, IC 95%: 1,4-3,2, p <0,001) eram mais propensos a praticar AF não organizada. Aqueles que tinham pai ativo e mãe menos ativa (OR = 1,6, IC 95%: 1,1-2,1, p = 0,024), e ambos os pais ativos (OR = 1,6, IC 95%: 1,1-2,3, p = 0,017) foram associados a uma maior probabilidade de prática de AF organizada. Esses resultados destacam a relação entre a participação em AF dos pais e a participação de seus filhos em AF