Potentiation of acute morphine-induced analgesia measured by a thermal test in bone cancer-bearing mice

Agonists of mu-opioid receptors are currently used in the management of cancer pain. However, several data suggest that the analgesic effect of morphine can diminish during the development of experimental tumors. By using a thermal test, we have studied whether the analgesic effect evoked by morphine is altered in mice bearing two painful bone tumors. The analgesic effect evoked by systemic morphine remained unaltered after the intratibial inoculation of B16-F10 melanoma cells and was potentiated after the inoculation of NCTC 2472 osteosarcoma cells. Although the number of spinal mu-opioid receptors measured by western blot studies was not augmented in osteosarcoma-bearing mice, the analgesia evoked by intrathecal (i.t.) morphine was also enhanced. The analgesic response produced by the spinal administration of the Gi/o protein activator mastoparan was amplified, whereas the analgesic response evoked by the i.t. administration of the N-type calcium channel blocker ?-conotoxin remained unaltered. The efficacy of the GIRK channel blocker tertiapin-Q to antagonize the analgesic effect produced by a maximal dose of morphine was also increased in osteosarcoma-bearing mice. Our results seem to indicate that the analgesic effect of morphine on thermal nociception can be enhanced in response to the development of particular bone tumors in mice, being this potentiation probably related to a greater efficacy of the transduction system driven by Gi/o proteins and GIRK channels.Grants were provided by MEC-FEDER (SAF2009-10567). SL received a grant from CIBER of Enfermedades Raras of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII). The Instituto Universitario de Oncología is supported by Obra Social Cajastur-Asturias, Spain

Trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad en mi aula de infantil

ABSTRACTThe rapid recognition on the part of the professorship of student with the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the classroom, allows attending to the specific needs of these children, as well as the use of more appropriate psychological-pedagogical tools. Objetive: review the ADHD concept and diagnosis and fundamentally the existing pedagogical operational strategies in the classroom. Material and methods: an extensive bibliographical search was realized on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and published teaching methods. Results: both, the behavioural therapy, modifying teachers and parents’ behaviour, and the cognitive therapy, learning selfcontrol and self-regulation skills by the pupils to be applied in the classroom, have proved their effectiveness. However, a combination of both therapies will probably be the most effective, the mixed cognitive - behavioral therapy, associated with the administration of stimulant medications, suggested as front-line strategies with ADHD children. Conclusions: The training of the teachers, both in the knowledge of TDAH's current concept and the guidelines of cognitive - behavioral strategies form a part together with family and sanitary professional collaboration and involvement, to obtain a correct both social and educational integration.RESUMENIntroducción: el reconocimiento precoz por parte del profesorado de los alumnos con Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) en el aula permite atender las necesidades específicas de estos niños, así como el uso de las herramientas psicopedagógicas más adecuadas. Objetivos: revisar el concepto y el diagnóstico actual del TDAH y fundamentalmente las estrategias pedagógicas existentes de actuación en el aula. Material y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica extensa sobre el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad y estrategias docentes publicadas. Resultados: tanto la corriente conductual, con redirección de la conducta por parte de padres y maestros, como la cognitiva, mediante el aprendizaje de técnicas de autocontrol y autorregulación aplicadas en el aula, han demostrado su efectividad. No obstante, probablemente lo más eficaz sea la combinación de ambas, la terapia mixta cognitivo-conductual, asociada a la administración de fármacos psicoestimulantes, planteándose como estrategia de primera línea en los niños con TDAH. Conclusiones: La formación de los docentes, tanto en el conocimiento del concepto actual de TDAH, como en las pautas de actuación cognitivo-conductuales, forman parte junto a la colaboración e implicación de la familia y del profesional sanitario, en el engranaje imprescindible para conseguir una correcta integración tanto social como educativa.ABSTRACTThe rapid recognition on the part of the professorship of student with the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the classroom, allows attending to the specific needs of these children, as well as the use of more appropriate psychological-pedagogical tools. Objetive: review the ADHD concept and diagnosis and fundamentally the existing pedagogical operational strategies in the classroom. Material and methods: an extensive bibliographical search was realized on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and published teaching methods. Results: both, the behavioural therapy, modifying teachers and parents’ behaviour, and the cognitive therapy, learning selfcontrol and self-regulation skills by the pupils to be applied in the classroom, have proved their effectiveness. However, a combination of both therapies will probably be the most effective, the mixed cognitive - behavioral therapy, associated with the administration of stimulant medications, suggested as front-line strategies with ADHD children. Conclusions: The training of the teachers, both in the knowledge of TDAH's current concept and the guidelines of cognitive - behavioral strategies form a part together with family and sanitary professional collaboration and involvement, to obtain a correct both social and educational integration

Crisis y comportamiento exportador de la empresa: estímulo para el aprovechamiento de una oportunidad

El presente trabajo analiza, desde una perspectiva teórica, el papel que la situación actual de crisis económica desempeña en relación a la actividad exportadora de las empresas de nuestra comunidad. La premisa básica de la investigación es que el hecho de que la crisis esté afectando de manera más duradera e intensa a España que a otros países de nuestro entorno puede propiciar que muchas empresas vislumbren la actividad exportadora como una oportunidad para afrontar mejor este difícil periodo. El trabajo, tras un breve análisis a algunos datos macroeconómicos, realiza una revisión de la literatura existente en relación a tres aspectos diferentes. (1) el proceso de internacionalización de la empresa; (2) el papel de los estímulos a la exportación; y (3) el proceso de identificación y explotación de oportunidades. A partir de esta revisión se propone un marco teórico que pretende ser contrastados a través de datos empíricos en una fase posterior de la investigación

Internationalization of family businesses: a theoretical model based on international entrepreneurship perspective

Family Businesses account for a high percentage of fi rms in today’s economy. One of the main problems fi rms have to face is the rise in the number and diversity of competitors. In this paper, we propose a global model designed to provide an understanding of the international entrepreneurship of family businesses, departing from an analysis of the theoretical contributions of two separate trends: International Entrepreneurship and the study of family businesses. This model is contrasted by the study of six cases of multinational family businesses throughout their lifetime. Two main elements stand out as determinants of international entrepreneurship for this type of fi rm: knowledge and family commitment. In addition to these two factors, the model includes other internal and external contingent variables

La colección Selgas : un modelo del coleccionismo finisecular español

En un recorrido histórico por el coleccionismo español decimonónico, que en algunos aspectos aún se encuentra por hacer, la colección artística de la Fundación Selgas-Fagalde, radicada en el palacete de El Pito, en la villa costera asturiana de Cudillero, supone un caso excepcional por su singular emplazamiento, por las características del conjunto y por la filosofía coleccionista de sus propietarios. En su creación obraron como imperativos la formación arqueologista e histórica de Fortunato de Selgas y la situación privilegiada como banquero e inversor de su hermano Ezequiel

Crisis y comportamiento exportador de la empresa: estímulo para el aprovechamiento de una oportunidad

Con el objetivo básico de ofrecer un modelo básico y teórico sobre la influencia de la crisis sobre relaciones entre la intención y el comportamiento exportador y el papel de los estímulos derivados de los organismos de apoyo a la internacionalización, este documento de trabajo analiza el papel que la situación actual de crisis económica desempeña en relación a la actividad exportadora de las empresas de nuestra comunidad.exportacion,crisis, oportunidad, estimulos a la exportacion

Tunable interlayer hydrophobicity in a nanostructured high charge organo-mica

A tunable hydrophobicity, from a fully hydrophobic medium to an amphiphilic quasi-solution, has been obtained in the interlayer space of a synthetic high charged mica by ion exchange reaction with amine cations. The structural and intercalation properties of the hybrids after the exchange with the n-alkylammonium cations: [RNH3]+, [RNH(CH3)2]+ and [RN(CH3]3+ with C16 alkyl chain length have been determined by termogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetry analysis (TGA-DSC) and mass spectrometry (MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been used as a complementary technique to provide new insights into the morphology of the exchanged products. Coverage and cation distribution have been correlated with layer charge and steric effects. Thus, a full organo-clay is obtained when the primary amine cations are adsorbed between the layers. However, a homogenous single phase of mixed organic/inorganic cations is formed in the same interlayer with the tertiary amine cations. Mixed ion clays combining both exchangeable inorganic and adsorbent organic ions in their interlayer space can be potential materials to be used as adsorbents for water decontamination, independently of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic nature of the pollutants. For the quaternary amine cations steric effects preclude the coexistence of both organic and inorganic species in the same interlayer of the clay so phase segregation together with a heterogeneous phase of organic and inorganic galleries in the same particle can be observed.Funding from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, under project MAT2015-63929-R is also acknowledged. Fernando Aguado received funding from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, project MAT2015-69508-P

Adsorptive capture of ionic and non-ionic pollutants using a versatile hybrid amphiphilic-nanomica

A versatile, functional nanomaterial for the removal of ionic and non-ionic pollutants is presented in this work. For that purpose, the high charge mica Na-4-Mica was exchanged with the cationic surfactant (C16H33NH(CH3)2)+. The intercalation of the tertiary amine in the swellable nano-clay provides the optimal hydrophilic/hydrophobic nature in the bidimensional galleries of the nanomaterial responsible for the dual functionality. The organo-mica, made by functionalization with C16H33NH3+, was also synthesized for comparison purposes. Both samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction techniques and transmission electron microscopy. Then, the samples were exposed to a saturated atmosphere of cyclohexylamine for two days, and the adsorption capacity was evaluated by thermogravimetric measurements. Eu3+ cations served as a proof of concept for the adsorption of ionic pollutants in an aqueous solution. Optical measurements were used to identify the adsorption mechanism of Eu3+ cations, since Eu3+ emissions, including the relative intensity of different f–f transitions and the luminescence lifetime, can be used as an ideal spectroscopic probe to characterize the local environment. Finally, the stability of the amphiphilic hybrid nanomaterial after the adsorption was also tested.We would like to thank IDIVAL for financial support, project number INNVAL19/1

A capillary micellar electrokinetic chromatography method for the stereoselective quantitation of bioallethrin in biotic and abiotic samples

A capillary micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method was developed enabling the stereoselective separation of the insecticide bioallethrin. The use of sodium deoxycholate bile salt and acetyl-beta-cyclodextrin (acetyl-beta-CD) made possible the separation of bioallethrin stereoisomers with a high enantioresolution (7.4) in a short analysis time (6.5 min). The analytical characteristics of the developed method were evaluated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, and limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) showing a good performance for the quantitation of bioallethrin stereoisomers with LODs of 0.2 and 0.3 mg/L. The developed method was applied to the stereoselective analysis of a commercial bioallethrin pediculicide formulation and to evaluate the toxicity of bioallethrin stereoisomers on the growth of the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and on the germination of the higher plant Sorghum bicolor (non-target organisms). The analysis of the commercial pediculicide showed a good agreement between the contents determined for the two stereoisomers and those labelled in the commercial samples. Different toxic responses and biodegradation profiles were found for each stereoisomer in ecotoxicity assays. The mixture of SIR stereoisomers of bioallethrin resulted more toxic than S-bioallethrin for green algae, with EC50 values of 1.10 +/- 0.06 for the mixture and of 1.73 +/- 0.05 mg/L for the pure S-biallethrin (esbiol). Germination of plants seeds was also affected. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved