Efectos del Método Pilates sobre la fuerza de la musculatura flexora y extensora del tronco y la flexibilidad isquiosural en estudiantes de 3º curso de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria

Una baja fuerza-resistencia de la musculatura flexora y extensora del tronco, así como unos valores pobres de flexibilidad se asocia con mayores tasas de dolor de espalda. Por ello, numerosos profesionales abogan por la aplicación de programas de mejora de estos parámetros en edad escolar. Entre los programas de mejora de estos parámetros encontramos el Método Pilates. Sin embargo, son pocas las investigaciones al respecto. Por lo tanto, como objetivo principal de la presente Tesis Doctoral fue analiz bar el efecto de un programa con el Método Pilates sobre la fuerza-resistencia de la musculatura flexora y extensora del tronco, y sobre la flexibilidad de la musculatura isquiosural. En el estudio participaron 57 escolares de 3º curso de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. El GE recibió un programa de ejercicios de 6 semanas de duración con ejercicios basado en el Método Pilates. El GC realizaba sus sesiones habituales de Educación Física. Se administró un cuestionario sobre el dolor de espalda en adolescentes, se tomaron los datos relativos a la talla y al peso, se midió la fuerza-resistencia de la musculatura flexora del tronco (Test BTC), fuerza-resistencia de la musculatura extensora del tronco (Test Sörensen) y flexibilidad de la musculatura isquiosural (Test DDS). Como principales resultados se halló una prevalencia del dolor de espalda durante el último año del 43,86%, y durante la última semana del 19,30%. Ésta no se correlacionó con el sexo, la talla, el peso y/o la práctica de actividad física. Tras la realización del programa con el MP durante 6 semanas el GE presentó una mejora significativa del 34,03% en la fuerza-resistencia de la musculatura flexora del tronco (FFT), del 35,03% en la fuerza-resistencia de la musculatura extensora del tronco (FET) y de 5,64 cm la flexibilidad de la musculatura isquiosural (FMI) y el GC no presentó cambios. En conclusión, se halló una elevada prevalencia de dolor de espalda en la población estudiada. Se presentaron puntuaciones inferiores en los test de fuerza-resistencia y flexibilidad en los sujetos que presentaban dolor de espalda, aunque no de manera significativa. Tras un programa de Pilates de 6 semanas de duración, la muestra mejoró de manera significativa los componentes de la condición física relacionados con el dolor de espalda.Educació

Unidad didáctica "el método pilates y la columna vertebral" : cuaderno del alumno

El Método Pilates se considera uno de los programas de educación postural al centrarse en el fortalecimiento de los músculos del tronco y la mejora de la flexibilidad para mantener las curvaturas de la columna vertebral dentro de la normalidad. La educación postural además de ser un contenido que se encuentra incluido dentro del currículo escolar, es señalada por diferentes autores de vital importancia en estas edades. Por ello, se plantea una unidad didáctica de "El Método Pilates y la Columna Vertebral para tercer curso de Educación Secundaria. Además, teniendo presente la problemática entre los docentes a la hora de llevar a cabo la evaluación, con el objetivo de propiciar una evaluación educativa, formativa y continua se plantea un cuaderno del alumno para utilizar en la presente unidad didácticaPilates Method is considered as one of the programs of postural education, since it focuses on the strengthening of trunk muscles and the improvement of flexibility, in order to keep the spine column’s curvatures. Postural education, apart from being content included in the school curriculum, is pointed out as something vital within these ages by different authors. Therefore, a didactic unit named “Pilates Method and the Spine Column” is purposed, for the third year in Secondary School. Moreover, knowing the issue among teachers once they carry out the evaluation, with the objective of giving an educational, formative and continuous evaluation, a student’s exercise book is outlined to be used in this didactic unit

PILATES TRAINING INDUCES CHANGES IN THE TRUNK MUSCULATURE OF ADOLESCENTS

Introduction The Pilates Method may be an appropriate form of exercise for improving trunk muscle strength, which can be a predictor of pain and musculoskeletal problems. Objective The objective of this study was to assess the effects of the Pilates Method on muscle strength and endurance of the extensor and flexor muscles of the trunk in a group of adolescents. Methods The sample consisted of 101 high-school students divided into two groups: an experimental group (EG=81) and a control group (CG=20). The intervention was carried out twice a week for six weeks. Each session lasted 55 minutes, and was divided into three parts: warm-up, main part, and cool down. Muscle strength was assessed by the Sörensen Test and the Bench Trunk-curl Test. The paired sample T-test, the T- test for independent samples, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were applied. The size of the effect (d) was determined. Results The EG showed significant improvements in both tests (+34.77 points; +18.55 points, respectively). No changes were observed in the CG. The effect size was high (d\u3e1.15) for both tests, which means that the results were improved in a large proportion of the participants. The control group showed a decline in strength of the trunk musculature. In the experimental group, both boys and girls showed significant improvements in both tests. This strength increase was enhanced for a large proportion of boys and girls (d\u3e1.15). The effect size was high (d\u3e1.15) for both tests and for both sexes. Conclusion Six-weeks after implementing the Pilates Method in Physical Education lessons, the muscle strength of the flexor and extensor muscles of the trunk in adolescents was improved. Level of Evidence II; Therapeutic studies-Investigation of treatment results

Differences in Body Composition between Playing Positions in Men’s Professional Soccer: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

The performance of male soccer players (MSPs) depends on multiple factors, such as body composition. It is understandable to think that, due to the physical demands and specific functions during play, body composition may vary depending on the playing position. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to describe the anthropometric, BC, and somatotype characteristics of professional MSPs and to compare the reported values according to playing position. We systematically searched Embase, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science following the PRISMA statement. Random-effects meta-analysis, a pooled summary of means, and 95% CI (method or equation) were calculated. Random models were used with the Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) method. Twenty-six articles were included in the systematic review and the meta-analysis. After comparing the groups according to the playing position (goalkeeper, defender, midfielder, and forward), significant differences were found in age, height, weight, the sum of skinfolds, kilograms of muscle mass, and kilograms of fat-free mass (p = 0.001; p < 0.0001). No significant differences were observed in fat mass, percentage of fat-free mass, percentage of muscle mass, bone mass, and somatotype. Despite the limitations, this study provides useful information to help medical–technical staff to properly assess the BC of professional MSPs, providing reference values for the different positions

Técnica del Rompecabeza vs. al trabajo en grupo tradicional: rendimiento académico y satisfacción de los estudiantes universitarios

Alternative learning methods such as the Jigsaw Puzzle (JP) technique have gained prominence over traditional teaching to promote the acquisition of skills in Higher Education. The aim of this research was to compare the academic performance and satisfaction of students depending on whether the JP technique or traditional group work was used. This is a cross-sectional study that involved 61 students in their 2nd year of the Degree in Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (20.11 ± 0.43 years). In one class group, the JP technique was applied (n = 29), while the traditional technique was used in the other group (n = 32). After the end of the workshop, the grade and the degree of satisfaction obtained with the techniques used were evaluated. The JP group obtained a grade (X = 8.52; SD = 0.5) and a degree of satisfaction (X = 7.28; SD = 1.5) which were significantly higher than the traditional group (rating: X = 5.58; SD = 0.6; satisfaction: X = 6.34; SD = 1.6) (p ˂ .001 and p = .023, respectively). A correlation was found between grade and satisfaction (ICC = .360; p = .004). In conclusion, conducting a one-off session based on the JP technique versus using a traditional technique yields better grades and greater satisfaction with the teaching-learning process.Los métodos de aprendizaje alternativos como la técnica del Jigsaw Puzzle (JP) han cobrado relevancia frente a la enseñanza tradicional para promover la adquisición de las competencias en la Educación Superior. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue comparar el rendimiento académico y el grado de satisfacción de los alumnos en función de si se utilizaba la técnica JP o el trabajo en grupo tradicional. Se trata de una investigación trasversal. En el estudio participaron 61 alumnos de 2º curso del Grado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (20.11 ± 0,43 años). En un grupo de clase se aplicó la técnica JP (n = 29) y en el otro grupo una metodología tradicional (n = 32). Tras la aplicación del taller se evaluó la calificación obtenida en el taller y el grado de satisfacción con la técnica utilizada. El grupo JP obtuvo una calificación (X = 8.52; DS = 0.5) y un grado de satisfacción (X = 7.28; DS = 1.5) con la técnica empleada superior al grupo de trabajo tradicional (calificación: X = 5.58; SD = 0.6; satisfacción: X = 6.34; SD = 1.6) de manera significativa (p ˂ .001 and p = .023, respectivamente). Se encontró una correlación entre la calificación y la satisfacción (CCI = .360; p = .004). En conclusión, la realización de una sesión puntual basada en la técnica JP frente al uso de una técnica tradicional reporta mejores calificaciones y mayor satisfacción con el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.Actividad Física y Deport

La igualdad de género en la investigación en ciencias del deporte

Actividad Física y Deport

Impact and Learner Experience of a Technology Ecosystem as an Approach to Healthy Lifestyles: Erasmus+ SUGAPAS Project

The promotion of lifestyle habits in all ages is essential for the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases. The aim of this study was to develop, validate, and disseminate an ecosystem that favors effective education on physical activity, a healthy lifestyle, and healthy nutritional habits. The sample consisted of 258 Spanish volunteer students. The evaluation of Ecosystem SUGAPAS was composed of two online surveys: MOOC and game surveys. The result of the MOOC survey reported a score above three points in all the sections (users’ opinion of the organization: 3.89 ± 0.71, 4.06 ± 0.64, and 4.01 ± 0.64; impact of the course on their day-to-day life: 3.62 ± 0.94; content present values: 3.96 ± 0.63, 3.69 ± 0.75, and 3.62 ± 0.94; usability of the platform: 3.75 ± 0.77, 3.96 ± 0.68, 4.06 ± 0.77, and 3.75 ± 0.84; relevance for professional development: 3.96 ± 0.63; overall opinion: 3.77 ± 0.57 points). The responses to all sections of the game evaluation reported a score between three and four points. A SUGAPAS ecosystem that includes new technologies for the promotion of a healthy lifestyle was developed, validated, and disseminated among the population. The users’ opinion, the impact of the ecosystem on their personal and professional development, and the usability of the platforms created make this ecosystem valid for its implementation for the proposed purposes

COLECCIÓN INVESTIGACIÓN EN CIENCIAS DEL DEPORTE -3-

Libro de actas con los resúmenes de las ponencias, comunicaciones, pósteres y proyectos de innovación presentados en el IV Congreso Internacional Universitario Trail Running y Raids de Aventura Ruta de las Fortalezas 2018Actividad Física y Deport