Morphological Analysis of Bronchial Arteries and Variants with Computed Tomography Angiography

The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of anatomical variants of bronchial arteries using computed tomographic angiography in a population of northeastern Mexico. An observational, transversal, descriptive, comparative, retrospective study was performed using 139 imaging studies of Mexican patients in which we evaluated the following parameters from the left and right bronchial arteries: artery origin, branching pattern, arterial ostium, vertebral level of origin, diameter, and mediastinal trajectory. The anatomies of the bronchial arteries were similar in both genders, except distribution for vertebral origin level

Redes semánticas naturales sobre la práctica del psicólogo en escuelas públicas federales = (Natural semantic networks about the practice of the psychologist in federal public schools)

Resumen: El estudio tiene como objetivo conocer la representación subjetiva que tienen maestros y directivos de escuelas públicas federales sobre el trabajo del psicólogo en la institución educativa. Es un estudio exploratorio descriptivo, se utilizó como técnica las redes semánticas naturales. La muestra fue por conveniencia, participaron 218 sujetos. Los resultados más significativos nos indican que el núcleo de la representación subjetiva que tienen maestros y directivos sobre el psicólogo y su práctica está constituida primordialmente como la de un profesional que tiene como funciones apoyar, ayudar, orientar y guiar a la comunidad educativa. El concepto con mayor densidad del valor G, fue prejuicios con una G de 12.1. El concepto con menor densidad es objetivo con una G de 65.1. Lo cual nos indica que tienen prejuicios importantes en referencia al trabajo del psicólogo y que no hay una claridad sobre los objetivos que desempeña en la escuela. Abstract: The study aims to determine the subjective representation that teachers and administrators of federal public schools have about psychologists work at the educational institution. It is a descriptive exploratory study; it was used the natural semantic networks technique. It was used a convenience sample, involving 218 subjects. The most significant results indicate that the core of the subjective representation that teachers and administrators have about the psychologist and his practice consists primarily in the fact that it is a professional whose functions are giving support, help, guide and that leads the educational community. The concept with the highest density of G value was prejudice with a 12.1 G. The concept with the lowest density was objective with a 65.1 G. This tells us that they have substantial prejudice in reference to the work of the psychologist and that there is no clarity on the objectives that he plays at school

Randomized clinical trial of the safety and immunogenicity of the Tdap vaccine in pregnant Mexican women

ABSTRACT Immunization with the tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap) vaccine raises controversies on immunogenicity and possible antibody interference. We performed an experimental, double-blind, parallel group controlled clinical trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the Tdap vaccine in 204 pregnant women and their children and to determine its interference in antibody production. Pregnant women 18 to 38 y of age with 12 to 24 weeks gestation, a low obstetric risk, and without serious disease were randomly selected. The experimental group received 0.5 mL IM of Tdap and the control group normal saline. Six blood samples were drawn before and after solution application, and from the umbilical cord of the infants and at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. Pertactin and Pertussis toxin antibodies and possible interference of maternal antibodies with the vaccine were determined. In the experimental group, antibodies against Bordetella pertussis pertactin (anti-PRN) (112 E/mL 95% CI 89.9–139.9) and antibodies against pertussis toxin (anti-PT) (24.0 E/mL, 95% CI 18.3–31.4) were elevated in the mother before vaccination. These were higher in the umbilical cord and descended in the infant at 2 months (71.4 (95% CI 56.8–89.7 and 10.9; 95% CI 8.7–13.7, respectively). Anti-PT showed a delay in production. Tdap safety was confirmed with only mild local pain at 24 and 48 hours. Anti-PRN and anti-PT antibodies in the infant descend at 2 months of age. There is a delay in anti-PT in children of immunized mothers. Further studies are needed to elucidate its clinical significance

Sequential Nucleation Growth of ZnO Nanoflowers

The morphological characteristics of ZnO nanostructures were systematically studied from dense rods to flower-like shapes. The ZnO flower-like samples were prepared by direct decomposition of a Zn(OH)4 2– precursor and by the sequential nucleation and growth method consisted of a multistep synthesis of complex nanostructured films. Condition-dependent experiments systematically were compared as to reveal the formation and detailed growth process of ZnO nanosized crystallites and aggregates. X-ray diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopy indicated that the precursor, solution basicity, reaction temperature and pressure as well as reaction time, were responsible for the variations of the morphologies. ZnO flower-like and large nanorods of exceptional uniformity, orientation alignment, and optical properties have been produced in this work. Several synthesis steps are needed to produce oriented nanostructures that are more complex than simple nanorod architectures. These structures have potential applications in building functional electronics devices and optoelectronic properties

Gobernanza y gestión del agua en el Occidente de México: la metrópoli de Guadalajara

La disponibilidad de agua como tal no es el problema más importante en la gestión del agua. La incertidumbre se sitúa en la capacidad para implementar sistemas de control, distribución y acceso al agua de una forma equitativa. Garantizar el acceso de agua potable a toda la población no es un problema financiero sino político, un asunto de prioridad .Ahora disponemos de un vasto conocimiento y herramientas aplicables en el campo de la hidrología, biotecnología e ingeniería del agua, pero nuestro entendimiento sobre procesos socioeconómicos, culturales y políticos involucrados en la gestión del agua, sigue siendo limitado. En este libro, desde diferentes ángulos, se analizan formas de gestión del agua, escenarios de gobernanza, conflictos sociales y soluciones de carácter sociopolítico y técnico encaminadas a un manejo más sustentable del agua con posibilidades de ser apropiado socialmente. La obra tiene un fuerte componente con tintes de ecología política alrededor de los conflictos por el agua en la metrópoli de Guadalajara y la cuenca Lerma–Chapala–Santiago, sobre todo en aquellos casos donde coinciden situaciones de deterioro ambiental y formas inadecuadas de desarrollo urbano. En las alternativas que se analizan y proponen, se descubre una rica diversidad que encabezan organizaciones sociales, ciudadanos, actores sociopolíticos, universidades e instituciones con diferentes niveles de impacto, vinculación y trayectorias. Se distinguen escalas y formas de gobernanza del agua a nivel de cuenca, zona metropolitana de Guadalajara, municipios y sistemas hidrográficos (microcuencas y sistemas de abastecimiento), además de revisar estilos de desarrollo urbano asociados al manejo del agua con una perspectiva de análisis y de propuesta.ITESO, A.C

Maternal dietary patterns and acute leukemia in infants: results from a case control study in Mexico

BackgroundChildhood cancer is the leading cause of disease-related mortality among children aged 5–14 years in Mexico, with acute leukemia being the most common cancer among infants. Examining the overall dietary patterns allows for a comprehensive assessment of food and nutrient consumption, providing a more predictive measure of disease risk than individual foods or nutrients. This study aims to evaluate the association between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and the risk of acute leukemia in Mexican infants.MethodsA hospital-based case–control study was conducted, comparing 109 confirmed acute leukemia cases with 152 age-matched controls. All participants (≤24 months) were identified at hospitals in Mexico City between 2010 and 2019. Data on a posteriori dietary patterns and other relevant variables were collected through structured interviews and dietary questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to estimate the association between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and the risk of acute leukemia in infants.ResultsThe “Balanced & Vegetable-Rich” pattern, characterized by a balanced consumption of various food groups and higher vegetable intake, exhibited a negative association with acute leukemia when compared to the “High Dairy & Cereals” Pattern (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29, 0.90). We observed that mothers who gave birth to girls and adhered to a healthy dietary pattern during pregnancy exhibited significantly lower odds of their children developing AL compared to those who gave birth to boys [OR = 0.32 (95% CI 0.11, 0.97)]. Our results underscore the significance of maternal nutrition as a modifiable factor in disease prevention and the importance of prenatal health education

Retos actuales de la farmacia

Retos actuales de la farmacia es un proyecto que está coordinado por Leobargo Manuel Gómez Oliván y un equipo de investigadores que forman parte del claustro de la Facultad de Química en el área de posgrado, ellos han incentivado el espíritu investigador y científico de los estudiantes adscritos al programa para adentrarse en el ámbito farmacéutico. Los capítulos que conforman esta edición son el reflejo de la actividad académica desarrollada en este posgrado en las diferentes áreas de acentuación que lo conforman: farmacia molecular, farmacia social y tecnología farmacéutica

Evidence of spatial clustering of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases in Greater Mexico City: report from the Mexican Inter-Institutional Group for the identification of the causes of childhood leukemia

BackgroundA heterogeneous geographic distribution of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases has been described, possibly, related to the presence of different environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to explore the geographical distribution of childhood ALL cases in Greater Mexico City (GMC).MethodsA population-based case-control study was conducted. Children <18 years old, newly diagnosed with ALL and residents of GMC were included. Controls were patients without leukemia recruited from second-level public hospitals, frequency-matched by sex, age, and health institution with the cases. The residence address where the patients lived during the last year before diagnosis (cases) or the interview (controls) was used for geolocation. Kulldorff’s spatial scan statistic was used to detect spatial clusters (SCs). Relative risks (RR), associated p-value and number of cases included for each cluster were obtained.ResultsA total of 1054 cases with ALL were analyzed. Of these, 408 (38.7%) were distributed across eight SCs detected. A relative risk of 1.61 (p<0.0001) was observed for the main cluster. Similar results were noted for the remaining seven ones. Additionally, a proximity between SCs, electrical installations and petrochemical facilities was observed.ConclusionsThe identification of SCs in certain regions of GMC suggest the possible role of environmental factors in the etiology of childhood ALL

Flexibilidad: estrategia para la productividad

La búsqueda de alternativas que generen competitividad a través de incrementos en los niveles de la productividad se limitan a las acciones de “hacer más con menos”, lo que ya no es suficiente. Con la velocidad de respuesta como un factor de satisfacción y disminución de costos se puede atender a la problemática que representan las restricciones que inhiben la flexibilidad como estrategia que genera velocidad en los procesos de suministro, de producción, de servicio, etcétera, el reto consiste en implementar mecanismos que generen productividad derivada de la velocidad de respuesta en cada tarea, en cada proceso. En este sentido, la flexibilidad funciona como aditivo que incrementa la productividad “hacer más con menos” con mayor velocidad. En este trabajo se analizan las barreras más recurrentes al implementar flexibilidad en los procesos y se proponen estrategias para desarrollar competencias que fomenten la flexibilidad para generar productividad que incide en la competitividad de las empresas

Flexibilidad: estrategia para la productividad

La búsqueda de alternativas que generen competitividad a través de incrementos en los niveles de la productividad se limitan a las acciones de “hacer más con menos”, lo que ya no es suficiente. Con la velocidad de respuesta como un factor de satisfacción y disminución de costos se puede atender a la problemática que representan las restricciones que inhiben la flexibilidad como estrategia que genera velocidad en los procesos de suministro, de producción, de servicio, etcétera, el reto consiste en implementar mecanismos que generen productividad derivada de la velocidad de respuesta en cada tarea, en cada proceso. En este sentido, la flexibilidad funciona como aditivo que incrementa la productividad “hacer más con menos” con mayor velocidad. En este trabajo se analizan las barreras más recurrentes al implementar flexibilidad en los procesos y se proponen estrategias para desarrollar competencias que fomenten la flexibilidad para generar productividad que incide en la competitividad de las empresas