Desarrollo de un PRACTICUM VIRTUAL: fundamentos y claves

We are presenting the experience of creation and implementation of a practicum developed entirely in virtual modality, for the clinical and educational itineraries of the Degree in Psychology. It is accompanied by the theoretical argumentation that supports this innovative methodology, which uses Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and a Learning Management System (LMS) - learning platform - to generate simulated professional environments. Concepts such as psychological and functional fidelity, learning community, collaborative work, and design based on competencies and job performance, give theoretical support to a teaching project with 13 years of experience. The objective is to expose the keys that have emerged from this teaching experience, for the development of similar models that, given the technological advances and the methodological developments of the current university education, will not take be long to supplement the formative experiences of pre and post degree, in more commonly and accessible way.Se presenta la experiencia de creación e implementación de un practicum desarrollado íntegramente en modalidad virtual, para los itinerarios clínico y educativo del Grado en Psicología. Se acompaña de la argumentación teórica que da soporte a esta metodología innovadora, que utiliza las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) y un Learning Management System (LMS) –plataforma virtual- para generar entornos profesionales simulados. Conceptos como fidelidad psicológica y funcional, comunidad de aprendizaje, trabajo colaborativo, diseño basado en competencias y desempeño laboral, dan soporte teórico a un proyecto docente con 13 años de andadura. El objetivo es exponer las claves que han emergido de esta experiencia docente para el desarrollo de modelos similares que, dadas los avances tecnológicos y los desarrollos metodológicos de la educación universitaria actual, no tardarán en complementar, de un modo más habitual, las experiencias formativas de pre y post grado

Intervención psicológica en agresión: técnicas, programas y prevención

The aggressive behavior and the violence have passed to take a place of relevance in the problems of our society, requiring interventions at multiple levels: singular, of group and also a boarding at system level. We present here, the strategies more used in the field of the intervention to reduce the aggressive behavior, and later we will make reference to the programs that include them, multicomponents and multimodalities programs. Due to the stability and the existent relationship between the infantile aggressive behavior and the development of behavior dysfunctions and later delinquency, we will also refer to the programs that are implemented in the prevention area, primary and secondary, from application to universal level and application at risk groups.ResumenLa conducta agresiva y la violencia han pasado a tener un lugar de relevancia en los problemas de nuestra sociedad, requiriendo intervenciones a múltiples niveles: individual, de grupo y también un abordaje a nivel de sistema. Presentamos las estrategias más utilizadas en el campo de la intervención para reducir el comportamiento agresivo, posteriormente haremos referencia a los programas que las incluyen, programas multicomponentes y programas multimodales. Debido a la estabilidad y la relación existente entre la conducta agresiva infantil y el desarrollo de trastornos de conducta y delincuencia posterior, nos referiremos también a los programas que se implementan en el área de la prevención, primaria y secundaria, es decir, de aplicación a nivel universal y aplicación sobre grupos de riesgo.AbstractThe aggressive behavior and the violence have passed to take a place of relevance in the problems of our society, requiring interventions at multiple levels: singular, of group and also a boarding at system level. We present here, the strategies more used in the field of the intervention to reduce the aggressive behavior, and later we will make reference to the programs that include them, multicomponents and multimodalities programs. Due to the stability and the existent relationship between the infantile aggressive behavior and the development of behavior dysfunctions and later delinquency, we will also refer to the programs that are implemented in the prevention area, primary and secondary, from application to universal level and application at risk groups

Tratamiento integrado en un caso de depresión y ansiedad

This paper shows the case study of a client (from the SPA, UNED) who suffered from mild depression and anxiety symptoms. The intervention proccess consisted of the use of cognitive, behaviourist, constructivist ane emotional tecniques. From the «common factors» model, we propose the use of an integrative intervention in these sort of cases, in order to optimize the efficacy and efficiency of intervention programmesResumenEl estudio de caso único que se presenta consiste en la intervención psicoterapéutica durante veinte sesiones con una cliente del Servicio de Psicología Aplicada de la UNED. La cliente sufría depresión moderada y diversos síntomas de ansiedad. La intervención consistió en diversas técnicas cognitivas, conductuales, constructivistas y emocionales. Utilizando como marco de referencia el enfoque de los factores comunes, se propone la utilidad de utilizar un modelo integrador con el fin de optimizar la eficacia y la eficiencia en la intervención psicológica de este tipo de casos.AbstractThis paper shows the case study of a client (from the SPA, UNED) who suffered from mild depression and anxiety symptoms. The intervention proccess consisted of the use of cognitive, behaviourist, constructivist ane emotional tecniques. From the «common factors» model, we propose the use of an integrative intervention in these sort of cases, in order to optimize the efficacy and efficiency of intervention programme

Construcción del sí mismo y categorización de los significados personales de acuerdo con las fortalezas del carácter: estudio comparativo en pacientes con trastornos depresivos

The aim of this study was to explore the self-definition and self-differentiation of a group of patients with depressive disorders (n = 30) compared with a community sample (n = 30). Personal meanings of these subjects, elicited by Grid Technique, were categorized according to the virtues and character strengths of Peterson and Seligman (2004) and analyzed the position that people attach to the elements "present self" and "ideal self". In addition, it was studied the self-differentiation through the analysis of several indices that assess self-esteem, perceived social isolation and perceived adequacy in the others. The main results show that people with depression have more constructs in self-control, self-regulation and emotional, personal and social intelligence categories than community sample. Furthermore, significant differences between the two groups were found in the position of "present self" in relation to "ideal self". In this sense, the clinical group elicits more discrepant constructs in Courage, Wisdom, Transcendence, Moderation, Humanity and Justice, and the nonclinical group presents more congruent constructs in all virtues least Justice. Regarding dilemmatic constructs, more of them are showed in Moderation and Courage categories in the clinical group. Finally, patients with depression show low self-esteem and they perceive themselves different with respect to their social environment. These data, taken together with the positive correlation between the "ideal self" and "others" (perceived adequacy in the others), indicate a tentative profile of isolation in the clinical sample.ResumenEl objetivo de este estudio fue explorar la autodefinición y la diferenciación del sí mismo de un grupo de pacientes con trastornos depresivos (n= 30) comparándolo con una muestra comunitaria (n= 30). Los significados personales de estos sujetos, elicitados a través de la Técnica de la Rejilla, se categorizaron según las virtudes y las fortalezas del carácter de Peterson y Seligman (2004) y se analizó la posición que las personas otorgan a los elementos “yo actual” y “yo ideal”. Además, se estudió la diferenciación del sí mismo a través del análisis de diferentes índices de medida cognitiva que evalúan la autoestima, el aislamiento social autopercibido y la adecuación percibida en los otros. Los resultados más destacables muestran que las personas con depresión presentan más constructos en las categorías autocontrol y autorregulación e inteligencia emocional, personal y social que la muestra comunitaria. Asimismo, se encontraron diferencias significativas entres los dos grupos en la posición del “yo actual” en relación al “yo ideal”. En este sentido, el grupo clínico elicita un mayor número de constructos discrepantes en Coraje, Sabiduría, Transcendencia, Moderación, Humanidad y Justicia, y el grupo no clínico presenta más constructos congruentes en todas las virtudes menos en Justicia. En cuanto a los constructos dilemáticos, en el grupo clínico se observan más constructos en Coraje y Moderación.  Finalmente, los pacientes con depresión presentan una baja autoestima, una construcción negativa del yo y se perciben diferentes con respecto a su entorno social. Estos datos, tomados en conjunto con la correlación positiva encontrada entre el “yo ideal” y los “otros” (adecuación percibida en los otros), indicaría un perfil de aislamiento en la muestra clínica.AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the self-definition and self-differentiation of a group of patients with depressive disorders (n = 30) compared with a community sample (n = 30). Personal meanings of these subjects, elicited by Grid Technique, were categorized according to the virtues and character strengths of Peterson and Seligman (2004) and analyzed the position that people attach to the elements "present self" and "ideal self". In addition, it was studied the self-differentiation through the analysis of several indices that assess self-esteem, perceived social isolation and perceived adequacy in the others. The main results show that people with depression have more constructs in self-control, self-regulation and emotional, personal and social intelligence categories than community sample. Furthermore, significant differences between the two groups were found in the position of "present self" in relation to "ideal self". In this sense, the clinical group elicits more discrepant constructs in Courage, Wisdom, Transcendence, Moderation, Humanity and Justice, and the nonclinical group presents more congruent constructs in all virtues least Justice. Regarding dilemmatic constructs, more of them are showed in Moderation and Courage categories in the clinical group. Finally, patients with depression show low self-esteem and they perceive themselves different with respect to their social environment. These data, taken together with the positive correlation between the "ideal self" and "others" (perceived adequacy in the others), indicate a tentative profile of isolation in the clinical sample.

Perfil de Usuarios de Una Clínica Universitaria Durante El Estado de Alarma Sanitaria COVID 19

This study aims to analyze the profile of users in an university clinic (SPA-UNED) during the first COVID-19 19 health alarm. The sample was composed of 124 participants (70.4% women) with an average age of 41.49 years and four instruments were used: Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire (SA-45), Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM), Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE-28) and the Scale Connor-Davidson Resilience (CD-RISC). The results showed a sociodemographic profile formed mainly by single Spanish women from the service sector. Consistent with the reasons for consultation, participants predominantly showed symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatization, poor use of coping strategies, and low levels of resilience. These variables may be a possible risk profile in the clinical population that outlines a vulnerable group for which psychological prevention and intervention measures are requiredEl presente estudio pretende analizar el perfil de los usuarios atendidos por el dispositivo especial de atención psicológica en línea habilitado por el Servicio de Psicología Aplicada (SPA) durante el primer período de alerta sanitaria COVID-19. La muestra, compuesta por 124 participantes (70.4% mujeres) con una edad promedio de 41.49 años cumplimentó las versiones abreviadas del Listado de síntomas SA-45, la medida de resultados clínicos CORE-OM, el Inventario de afrontamiento COPE-28 y la Escala de resiliencia de Connor-Davidson. Los resultados mostraron un perfil sociodemográfico formado mayoritariamente por mujeres estudiantes o del sector servicios, solteras y de nacionalidad española, con problemas previos de salud mental. Congruentemente con los motivos de consulta, mostraron predominantemente sintomatología de depresión, ansiedad y somatización, un deficiente uso de estrategias de afrontamiento y bajos niveles de resilencia. De las variables mencionadas puede extraerse un posible perfil de riesgo en población clínica que perfila un grupo vulnerable sobre el que se precisan medidas de prevención e intervención psicológicas

La Formulación de Caso en Supervisión Clínica: Proceso Colaborativo Apoyado por Mapas Conceptuales.

Supervised practice is at the apex of the formation of professionals dedicated to promoting human welfare in a wide sense, and specifically mental health. In supervised practice, novice psychologists find support in supervisor who also must ensure quality levels of service provided to the patient and the development of competencies in the supervised. Case formulation is a basic clinical skill for mental health professionals. Specifically, the clinical formulation is the process of integrating the information obtained during the different phases of the therapeutic process and, in turn, is the object of analysis about which therapist and supervisor will conduct the supervision process. It is on this dual role, as an object and process, when a method of graphic representation about which can be represented and relate information is necessary and, simultaneously, negotiate the corresponding meanings. Concept maps are widely used graphical tools for organizing and representing knowledge. Making maps in a collaborative way promotes negotiating meanings, and at the same time, facilitates the expression of expert knowledge. The author proposes the use of concept maps as a suitable tool for processing and graphical representation of the case formulation and as a collaborative tool of broad utility in the clinical supervision process.La práctica supervisada se encuentra en el ápice del proceso de formación y entrenamiento de los profesionales dedicados a la promoción del bienestar humano –en  sentido amplio-  y a la salud mental, de manera específica. En la práctica supervisada, los psicólogos noveles encuentran el apoyo del supervisor quien, además, debe asegurar los niveles de calidad del servicio prestado al paciente y al desarrollo de las competencias del supervisado. La capacidad de realizar formulaciones clínicas de casos es una de las competencias nucleares para el ejercicio de la práctica profesional. En concreto, la formulación clínica es el proceso de integración de la información obtenida a lo largo de las diferentes fases del proceso terapéutico y, a su vez, es el objeto de análisis sobre el cual el terapeuta y el supervisor realizarán el proceso de supervisión. Es en esta doble vertiente, de objeto y proceso, donde se hace necesario un método de representación gráfica sobre el cual se pueda representar y relacionar la información y, a la vez, negociar los significados correspondientes.Los mapas conceptuales son herramientas gráficas ampliamente utilizadas para organizar y representar el conocimiento. La elaboración de mapas promueve el proceso compartido de negociación de significados, y a la vez, facilita la expresión del conocimiento experto. Se propone aquí la utilización de los mapas conceptuales como herramienta idónea para la elaboración y representación gráfica de la formulación de casos y como herramienta colaborativa de amplia utilidad en el proceso de supervisión clínica

Dimensional Structure of MAPS-15: Validation of the Multidimensional Academic Procrastination Scale

Academic procrastination is a complex behavior that hampers the cyclical process of self-regulation in learning, impeding the flow of actions necessary to achieve the goals and sub-goals that students have set out to attain. It has a high frequency of occurrence and has been linked to lessened student performance and a decrease in psychological and physical well-being. The objective of this study is to analyze the psychometric characteristics of a new academic procrastination scale MAPS-15 (Multidimensional Academic Procrastination Scale) applicable in self-regulated learning environments through a cross-validation study (exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis). The sample consisted of 1289 students from a distance/online university, with a wide age range and sociocultural variability. The students completed self-reported online questionnaires on two dates: during the university access and adaptation phase and before the first period of compulsory exams. One-, two- and three-factor structures were tested as well as a second-order structure. The results support a three-dimensional structure of MAPS-15: core procrastination, a pure dimension of procrastinating behavior and difficulty in carrying out the action; poor time management, a dimension related to time organization and perceived control over time; and work disconnection, a dimension conceptually related to lack of persistence, and work interruptions

Academic procrastination in children and adolescents - a scoping review

The objective of this scoping review is to outline and synthesize the literature related to academic procrastination in children and adolescents. This review is intended to be a first step to obtain a better understanding of academic procrastination in primary and secondary students, which allows identifying the most studied aspects as well as the areas that require more attention, be it methodological, clinical and/or conceptual.

Academic Procrastination in higher education: Scoping review

The objective of this scoping review is to outline and synthesize the literature related to academic procrastination in adults. This review is intended to be a first step to obtain a better understanding of academic procrastination in higher education students, which allows identifying the most studied aspects as well as the areas that require more attention, be it methodological, clinical and/or conceptual

Desarrollo de un PRACTICUM VIRTUAL: fundamentos y claves

Se presenta la experiencia de creación e implementación de un prácticum desarrollado íntegramente en modalidad virtual, para los itinerarios clínico y educativo del Grado en Psicología. Se acompaña de la argumentación teórica que da soporte a esta metodología innovadora, que utiliza las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) y un Learning Management System (LMS) –plataforma virtual- para generar entornos profesionales simulados. Conceptos como fidelidad psicológica y funcional, comunidad de aprendizaje, trabajo colaborativo, diseño basado en competencias y desempeño laboral, dan soporte teórico a un proyecto docente con 13 años de andadura. El objetivo es exponer las claves que han emergido de esta experiencia docente, para el desarrollo de modelos similares que, dadas los avances tecnológicos y los desarrollos metodológicos de la educación universitaria actual, no tardarán en complementar, de un modo más habitual, las experiencias formativas de pre y post grado