Positioned numerical semigroups with maximal gender as function of multiplicity and Frobenius number

We thank the anonymous referees for their detailed suggestions and comments, which have greatly improved this article.A C-semigroup (respectively a D-semigroup) is a positioned numerical semigroup S such that g(S) (Formula presernted) (respectively g(S) (Formula presernted). In this paper we study these semigroups giving formulas for the Frobenius number, pseudo-Frobenius number, and type. Furthermore, we give algorithms for computing the whole set of C-semigroups and D-semigroups

Global trends in child obesity: Are figures converging?

Childhood obesity has become one of the most serious global health challenges of our time. The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity has rapidly increased worldwide during the last two decades, especially in some developing countries where obesity is reaching levels on a par with some industrialized countries, or even higher. This fast growth has occurred especially in countries in the midst of rapid social-economic transitions. Most international comparisons focus on the adult population while analyses focusing on the child population are more limited. Using the methodology developed by Phillips and Sul, this paper studies the worldwide evolution of children’s body mass index (BMI), overweight and obesity prevalence for a large sample of countries during the period 1975–2016. Our results indicate that the figures for BMI or the prevalence of obesity in different countries do not converge, while the opposite is the case for overweight prevalence in children. Furthermore, there is a non-linear relationship between obesity and income or human capital, indicating that low and middle-income countries require a strong initiative for health policies targeting obesity prevention

The effect of inoculum source and fluid shear force on the development of in vitro oral multispecies biofilms

AimsSaliva has been previously used as an inoculum for in vitro oral biofilm studies. However, the microbial community profile of saliva is markedly different from hardâ and softâ tissueâ associated oral biofilms. Here, we investigated the changes in the biofilm architecture and microbial diversity of in vitro oral biofilms developed from saliva, tongue or plaqueâ derived inocula under different salivary shear forces.Methods and ResultsFour inoculum types (saliva, bacteria harvested from the tongue, toothbrush and curetteâ harvested plaque) were collected and pooled. Biofilms (n ⠥ 15) were grown for 20 h in cellâ free human saliva flowing at three different shear forces. Stained biofilms were imaged using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Biomass, thickness and roughness were determined by image analysis and bacterial community composition analysed using Ion Torrent. All developed biofilms showed a significant reduction in observed diversity compared with their respective original inoculum. Shear force altered biofilm architecture of saliva and curetteâ collected plaque and community composition of saliva, tongue and curetteâ harvested plaque.ConclusionsDifferent intraoral inocula served as precursors of in vitro oral polymicrobial biofilms which can be influenced by shear.Significance and Impact of the StudyInoculum selection and shear force are key factors to consider when developing multispecies biofilms within in vitro models.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136333/1/jam13376-sup-0001-FigS1.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136333/2/jam13376-sup-0002-TableS1.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136333/3/jam13376_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136333/4/jam13376.pd

Adopción de variedades mejoradas de papa en el suroccidente colombiano.

Para conocer factores determinantes de la adopción de variedades mejoradas de papa (VMP) en Nariño, se realizó este estudio que incluyó la zona productora del propio Nariño y los principales centros de consumo del Valle del Cauca, Quindío, Risaralda y Caldas. Utilizando el método no probalilístico de visitas al azar, se obtuvo información de 216 personas, la cual fue analizada y complementada con información secundaria. Se estableció que las VMP adoptadas por los productores durante un mayor lapso de tiempo son la Parda Pastusa e ICA-Nariño, las cuales ocupan la mayor área sembrada. Otras variedades fueron cultivadas por tiempo relativamente corto, pero dejaron de sembrarse por defectos que motivaron el rechazo de comerciantes y consumidores. Para adoptar una VMP el productor considera otras cualidades no contempladas en el proceso de mejoramiento. Se determinó que ninguna entidad oficial o privada ha divulgado entre los comerciantes las características y bondades de las nuevas variedades generadas por el ICA, por lo cual ellos han creado su propia estrategia para hacerlas conocer a los consumidores. Las amas de casa prefieren papa de calidad similar a la Parda Pastusa, que sea harinosa, blanda para cocinar y de sabor agradable. Los consumidores de restaurantes y negocios parecidos prefieren papa semejante a la ICA-Nariño, compacta, que no se desintegre al cocinar y susceptible de preparar en variadas formasPapa-Solanum tuberosu

Primeros datos polínicos de la secuencia "fuentillejo-1" de la laguna del Maar de Fuentillejo (Campo de Calatrava, Ciudad Real)

XV lnternational A.P.L.E. Symposium of Palynolog