Impact of the Deficiency of Micronutrients on Patients with HIV/Aids

Introduction: HIV-AIDS is an infectious disease that damages the immune system, putting you at risk of serious infections and certain types of cancer. Micronutrient deficiency varies widely, depending on the population and stage of the disease. It can contribute to the weakening of the immune state and the worsening of the physical condition. Objective: To identify through the collection of nutritional information the consequences produced by the lack of micronutrients in patients with HIV-AIDS. Methodology: It was carried out through bibliographic reviews, scientific articles in order to find true and proven information on the effect that micronutrient deficiency has on people with HIV/AIDS. Results: It is shown that clinical deficiencies of some nutrients occur rapidly in response to dietary deficiencies, malabsorption, or altered metabolism, while those nutrients that have reserves in the body take longer to deplete. Discussion: The acquired immunodeficiency virus that causes AIDS; is associated with weight loss due to malnutrition. There are foods that can counteract many of the symptoms of the patient with HIV/AIDS, hence the importance of their knowledge. Conclusion: Micronutrient deficiency influences the immune system, accentuating the immunodeficiency that leads to AIDS. People living with this disease should have a balanced diet with Vitamins A, B, zinc and iron to strengthen the immune system, these offer a safe and economical treatment to slow the progression of the infection. Keywords: micronutrients, HIV, AIDS. RESUMEN Introducción: El VIH-SIDA es una enfermedad infecciosa que daña el sistema inmunitario lo que pone en riesgo de contraer infecciones graves y ciertos tipos de cáncer. La deficiencia de micronutrientes varía ampliamente, según la población y el estadio de la enfermedad; puede contribuir al debilitamiento del estado inmune y al empeoramiento de la condición física.  Objetivo: Identificar mediante la recopilación de información nutricional las consecuencias que produce la falta de micronutrientes en pacientes con VIH-SIDA. Metodología: Se realizó a través de revisiones bibliográficas, artículos científicos con el fin de encontrar información verídica y comprobada del efecto que tiene la deficiencia de micronutrientes en personas con VIH/SIDA.  Resultados: Se demuestra que las deficiencias clínicas de algunos nutrientes ocurren rápidamente en respuesta a deficiencias dietéticas, malabsorción, o metabolismo alterado, mientras que aquellos nutrientes que tienen reservas en el cuerpo tardan más en agotarse. Discusión: El virus de la inmunodeficiencia adquirida causante del SIDA; está asociada con la pérdida de peso por malnutrición. Hay muchos alimentos del grupo de los micronutrientes que minimizan manifestaciones clínicas en los enfermos el síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida, siendo necesario saber cuáles son. Conclusiones: La deficiencia de micronutrientes influye en el sistema inmune, acentuando la inmunodeficiencia que lleva al SIDA. Las personas que viven con esta enfermedad deben tener una dieta balanceada con Vitaminas A, B, zinc y hierro para fortalecer el sistema inmunológico, estas ofrecen un tratamiento seguro y económico para retardar la progresión de la infección. Palabras claves: micronutrientes, VHI, SIDA

Directory of Atmospheric, Hydrographic and Biological datasets for the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem

Environmental and biological data-sets were recovered from oceanographic surveys and other observation sources (e.g. tide gauges) since the 40s. This rescue and mining exercise was carried out in cooperation with the countries bordering the CCLME and other nations undertaking research in the region (i.e. Morocco, Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Cape Verde, Spain, Norway, Germany and France). A total of 425 data-sets, 27 databases and 21 time-series sites have been identified in the area. A substantial part of them were rescued from archives supported in paper copy. Finally, a directory of meta-data referring 99 data-sets and data-bases has been published. This catalogue and the recovered data offer an exceptional opportunity for the researchers in the CCLME to study the dynamics and trends of a multiplicity of variables, and will enable them to create their own time-series, baselines and climatologies under a spatial and temporal perspective. It will produce new and valuable information on changes produced during the last 35 years in this region, going from climatic changes to shifts in species diversity and populations due to natural and human induced factors. This directory is the first result of the project “Enhancing oceanography capacities on Western Africa Countries” funded by the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID) and coordinated by the IOC-UNESCO and the IEO. The project aims to reinforce transboundary cooperation in the CCLME and to facilitate access and data flow to existing scientific information and its utilization by the scientists, politicians, industry and civil society.http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002314/231430E.pd

Staging Parkinson’s Disease Combining Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms Correlates with Disability and Quality of Life

Malaltia de Parkinson; Qualitat de vidaEnfermedad de Parkinson; Calidad de vidaParkinson's Disease; Quality of LifeIntroduction. In a degenerative disorder such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), it is important to establish clinical stages that allow to know the course of the disease. Our aim was to analyze whether a scale combining Hoehn and Yahr’s motor stage (H&Y) and the nonmotor symptoms burden (NMSB) (assessed by the nonmotor symptoms scale (NMSS)) provides information about the disability and the patient’s quality of life (QoL) with regard to a defined clinical stage. Materials and Methods. Cross-sectional study in which 603 PD patients from the COPPADIS cohort were classified according to H&Y (1, stage I; 2, stage II; 3, stage III; 4, stage IV/V) and NMSB (A: NMSS = 0–20; B: NMSS = 21–40; C: NMSS = 41–70; D: NMSS ≥ 71) in 16 stages (HY.NMSB, from 1A to 4D). QoL was assessed with the PDQ-39SI, PQ-10, and EUROHIS-QOL8 and disability with the Schwab&England ADL (Activities of Daily Living) scale. Results. A worse QoL and greater disability were observed at a higher stage of H&Y and NMSB (). Combining both (HY.NMSB), patients in stages 1C and 1D and 2C and 2D had significantly worse QoL and/or less autonomy for ADL than those in stages 2A and 2B and 3A and 3B, respectively (; e.g., PDQ-39SI in 1D [n = 15] vs 2A [n = 101]: 28.6 ± 17.1 vs 7.9 ± 5.8; ). Conclusion. The HY.NMSB scale is simple and reflects the degree of patient involvement more accurately than the H&Y. Patients with a lower H&Y stage may be more affected if they have a greater NMS burden

Cross‐sectional study about impact of parental smoking on rhinitis symptoms in children

[Abstract] Objective. Assess the prevalence of rhinitis and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) of children in our community and its relationship with symptoms of rhinitis Methods (design, setting, participants, main outcome measures). Cross‐sectional study using questionnaire on rhinitis of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, in children (6‐7 years) and adolescents (13‐14 years). Categories: “rhinitis ever”, “recent rhinitis”, “recent rhinoconjunctivitis”, “severe rhinoconjunctivitis”. Parental smoking: (i) neither parent smokes; (ii) only the mother smokes; (iii) only the father smokes; and (iv) both parents smoke. Odds ratio of the prevalence of symptoms of rhinitis according to ETS exposure was calculated using logistic regression. Results. 10 690 children and 10 730 adolescents. The prevalence of “rhinitis ever” in children: 29.4%, “recent rhinitis” 24%, “recent rhinoconjunctivitis” 11.5% and “severe rhinoconjunctivitis” 0.1%. In adolescents: 46.2%, 34.5%, 16.2% and 0.2%, respectively. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure in the home occurred in 51% of cases. Parental smoking was associated with a higher prevalence of forms of rhinitis in adolescents when only the mother was a smoker. In children when both parents were smokers. Conclusion. Rhinitis is highly prevalent in our community. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure is still very common. The relationship between ETS and rhinitis symptoms in children of this community is not as robust as that found for asthma

VAMOS: a Pathfinder for the HAWC Gamma-Ray Observatory

VAMOS was a prototype detector built in 2011 at an altitude of 4100m a.s.l. in the state of Puebla, Mexico. The aim of VAMOS was to finalize the design, construction techniques and data acquisition system of the HAWC observatory. HAWC is an air-shower array currently under construction at the same site of VAMOS with the purpose to study the TeV sky. The VAMOS setup included six water Cherenkov detectors and two different data acquisition systems. It was in operation between October 2011 and May 2012 with an average live time of 30%. Besides the scientific verification purposes, the eight months of data were used to obtain the results presented in this paper: the detector response to the Forbush decrease of March 2012, and the analysis of possible emission, at energies above 30 GeV, for long gamma-ray bursts GRB111016B and GRB120328B.Comment: Accepted for pubblication in Astroparticle Physics Journal (20 pages, 10 figures). Corresponding authors: A.Marinelli and D.Zaboro

Handmade fish meal as a partial replacement of soybean meal in diets for feedlot lambs: Effects on growth performance, dietary energy and meat quality

With the aim to evaluate a handmade fishmeal (HFM) as a partial replacement of soybean meal (SBM) in finishing diets, 36 intact male Dorper × Pelibuey lambs (41.43±7.38 kg of initial weight) were used in a completely randomized block design to test the following treatments: 1) Cracked corn-based diet containing 12% SBM, 2) inclusion of 3.5% of HFM partially replacing SBM, and 3) inclusion of 7% of HFM partially replacing SBM. Urea and limestone were utilized to balance diets in CP and calcium content. The feeding trial lasted 30 days. Replacement of SBM with HFM did not modify the effects on average daily gain (ADG) and dry matter intake (DMI), but there were numerical differences in ADG; HFM inclusion linearly improved gain-to-feed ratio; dietary net energy (NE) and observed-to-expected diet NE. Hot carcass weight and dressing percentage were not affected by HFM. Except a linear increase on C22:6, the effect of SBM replacement on fatty acid profile in meat was not significant. The meat pH registered at 24 h post-mortem linearly increased with HFM inclusion, but meat colour and sensorial values were unaffected. It was concluded that inclusion of up to 7% of HFM in diet as partial replacement of soybean meal did not negatively affect DMI and ADG, but can increase feed efficiency and dietary energy utilization. The effects of HFM on carcass and meat quality were inappreciable. Due to variations in handmade processing, it is important to verify its chemical composition before HFM can be incorporated into diets

First joint observations of space weather events over Mexico

Abstract. The Mexican Space Weather Service (SCiESMEX in Spanish) and National Space Weather Laboratory (LANCE in Spanish) were organized in 2014 and in 2016, respectively, to provide space weather monitoring and alerts, as well as scientific research in Mexico. In this work, we presenttheresultsofthefirstjointobservationsoftwoevents (22 June and 29 September 2015) with our local network of instruments and their related products. This network includes the MEXART radio telescope (solar flare and radio burst), the Compact Astronomical Low-frequency, Low-cost Instrument for Spectroscopy in Transportable Observatories (CALLISTO)attheMEXARTstation(solarradioburst),the Mexico City Cosmic Ray Observatory (cosmic ray fluxes), GPS receiver networks (ionospheric disturbances), and the Teoloyucan Geomagnetic Observatory (geomagnetic field). The observations show that we detected significant space weather effects over the Mexican territory: geomagnetic and ionospheric disturbances (22 June 2015), variations in cosmicrayfluxes,andalsoradiocommunications’interferences (29September2015).Theeffectsoftheseperturbationswere registered,forthefirsttime,usingspaceweatherproductsby SCiESMEX:totalelectroncontent(TEC)maps,regionalgeomagneticindexKmex,radiospectrographsoflowfrequency, and cosmic ray fluxes. These results prove the importance of monitoring space weather phenomena in the region and the need to strengthening the instrumentation network