Continous parental care models after elective caesarean section : effects on infants’ wellbeing, onset of breastfeeding, and on gender equal parenting

Background: Birth by caesarean section is still seen by some as a reason for separation of mother and newborn with the child being placed in a cot or in an incubator separated from the mother. This was the situation in Chile in 2009 to 2012 when this research programme was begun. The overall aim of this research programme was to compare different Continuous Parental Caregiving Models of newborn infants after Elective Caesarean Birth. The specific aim were to determine the effect on the newborn's physiological adaptation, wellbeing, onset of breastfeeding and parents’ experiences and perception of the care provided. Methods: Immediately after caesarean section birth, 95 infants were randomised and assigned to one of three groups with 32 infants in a cot with the father besides, 34 clothed infants in the father’s arms, and 29 in skin-to-skin contact with the father from 45 minutes to 120 minutes after birth. After a second allocation at the end on the time with the father, before the reunion with the mother from 130 to 205 minutes after birth, 56 infants were randomised to be clothed and placed in the mother’s arms and 39 to be placed in skin-to-skin contact with the mother. The neonatal state of wakefulness, rooting and sucking was assessed using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, physiological parameters and the time to first breastfeed were recorded. The 95 mothers’ and fathers’ experience and perceptions were captured with open questions to be completed by each subject. The quantitative data were analysed with descriptive statistics, and the qualitative data were analysed using systematic text condensation as described by Malterud. Results: The results from the RCT studies (Studies I - II) were that, regardless of the model of care, all infants were found to display normal physiological patterns while being cared for by the fathers during maternal-infant separation with some advantages being observed for the skin-to-skin cared for group (Study I). Reunited with the mother after being cared for by the father, the infants were in a wakeful state, breastfeeding was initiated, and the infants showed stable physiological patterns. A continuous model of parental care after caesarean section was considered by the mothers to be a beneficial family practice for the baby and the whole family, during mother-child separation (Study IV), confirmed by the experience of the fathers caring for the child during maternal-infant separation. The emerging parenting process is described in study III, and both the mothers and the fathers confirmed that a continuous model of parental care after caesarean section enhances equal parenting. Conclusion: Newborn infants can be cared for safely and appropriately by their parents after elective caesarean section, and if maternal-infant separation occurs, skin-to-skin contact with the father enhances the child's wellbeing, facilitates the onset of breastfeeding and has a positive effect on the parents’ experience. Clinical implication: There is no good reason for separation between a healthy newborn infant and its parents after an elective caesarean section. Training of health care providers in the implementation of a continuous model of parental care after caesarean section as a caring model enhancing extrauterine adaptation during mother-child separation needs to be prioritized

Socio-educational self-regulation from sustainability: a documentary analysis

This article is the product of research based on the CIFE (2016) methodology for documentary records to know the state of the art of studies on learning self-regulation in children and identify possible links between this, the socio-educational approach and sustainable development. Scientific articles published in the last three years in Latin America and the world were consulted in databases. The concept of self-regulation is similar to others such as: self-study, self-learning, self-improvement, co-regulation, metacognition and executive functions; it has been associated to variables such as academic performance, motivation, physical activity, learning styles, teaching practices, neurodidactics, among others. A definition is proposed for sustainable socio-educational self-regulation as a result of the research

Geological setting and genesis of stratabound barite deposits at Múzquiz, Coahuila in northeastern Mexico

Peer ReviewedPreprin

Un mundo matemático,¡con humor!

El siguiente documento es la muestra de una alternativa diferente, dirigida en especial a los docentes de matemáticas, donde se funde el humor con la educación, utilizando chistes y viñetas. Se dan algunas ayudas y temáticas para implementar el humor en el aula de clase y sacarle el mayor provecho a cada viñeta y chiste. Esta es tan solo una propuesta, y se quiere que también sea una pauta para que el profesor innove e investigue en el aula de clase

Conflicts over planning, transport and roadways administration at Valle de Toluca metropolitan area : a governance analysis

El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar formas en que la gobernanza puede mejorar las condiciones de coordinación entre los actores metropolitanos para planificar y gestionar el desarrollo de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de Toluca (ZMVT). Desde el 2005, la implementación del Consejo Ejecutivo de Coordinación Metropolitana del Valle de Toluca (CECMVT), se ha centrado en las dificultades de coordinación entre los actores metropolitanos que conforman un tipo distintivo de ciudad como es la zona metropolitana, para la que no logran conformar una visión integrada de desarrollo. Para ello se han analizado instituciones políticas sobre lo urbano-metropolitano en México, situación que pone de manifiesto la crisis de la ZMVT en las dimensiones económica, social y ambiental, de modo que afrontarla no es responsabilidad de un sólo gobierno municipal, lo que plantea nuevos retos en materia de gobernanza por la necesaria inclusión de los tres ámbitos de gobierno y de los actores sociales en la toma de decisiones sobre el desarrollo metropolitano.The aim is to analyze how the governance model contributes to improve planning and management coordination among metropolitan actors within Toluca Valley Metropolitan Area (ZMVT); to that purpose different metropolitan institutions in Mexico are reviewed. It focusses on the coordination problems among metropolitan municipalities and social actors who have to face the metropolis as a different kind of city. Regretedly, all of them have neglected an integrated perspective which reduces the possibility of metropolitan planning and management. This situation highlights the economic, social and environmental crisis in the ZMVT which cannot be solve solely by any one of the municipalities composing the metropolis, but by all of them, posing new challenges, particularly in the field of governance because it is necessary, on the one hand, an integrated and coordinated vision of all tiers of government acting on the metropolitan zone, particularly the local one, and on the other, the inclusion of social actors within the decision-making process regarding metropolitan development.Fil: Venancio-Flores, Arturo.Fil: Bernal González, Edith Imelda

Assessment in the Use of Excel Competency for Problem Solving Using the Approach of Expert and Novice Theory

The assessment of Competency-Based Learning (CBL) generally lacks a foundation to guide the construction of instruments that accords the nature and goals of this educational model. The measurement instruments normally used in CBL only provide a numerical score with limited information about the levels of competencies reached. This research aims to outline an assessment model that gives room to infer the individual's level of achieved competencies. The study is grounded in the theory of experts and novices and employed a mixed methodology in order not only to discover the measurement of the levels of competency from a numerical perspective but also to qualitatively understand how the students achieve a certain level of expertise in a concrete disciplinary area. The focus of this research study was on problem solving using Excel. Five professors participated in criteria selection, problem design, and the assessment process. We concluded that CBL assessment can be implemented in a more integral way when supported by theoretical frameworks that permit instructors to assess students' achievements and give more effective feedback related to their strengths and weaknesses.L’évaluation de l’apprentissage basé sur la compétence n’a pas, de façon générale, de fondement pour guider la construction d’instruments qui cadrent avec la nature et les objectifs de ce modèle éducatif. Les instruments de mesure normalement utilisés en apprentissage basé sur la compétence fournissent uniquement une note numérique et des données limitées quant aux niveaux de compétences acquises. Cette recherche veut fournir un aperçu d’un modèle d’évaluation qui comporte une marge permettant de déduire le niveau de compétences acquises par les élèves. L’étude s’appuie sur la théorie des experts et des débutants. Elle repose sur une méthodologie mixte de sorte à découvrir comment mesurer les niveaux de compétence à partir de valeurs numériques, ainsi que comment comprendre, de façon qualitative, comment les élèves atteignent un certain niveau d’expertise dans un domaine concret. La recherche misait la résolution de problèmes en utilisant Excel. Cinq professeurs ont participé à la sélection des critères, à la conception des problèmes et au processus d’évaluation. Nous avons conclu que l’évaluation de l’apprentissage basé sur la compétence peut être mise en œuvre de manière plus intégrée quand elle est appuyée par des cadres théoriques permettant aux enseignants d’évaluer les performances des élèves et fournir de la rétroaction plus efficace sur leurs forces et leurs faiblesses

Diagnóstico turístico de los distritos IV, V, VI y Vii de Municipio de Managua, departamento de Managua en el período Agosto 2016-Enero 2017

Durante los últimos seis meses, se realizó un diagnóstico turístico en los distritos IV, V, VI y VII del municipio de Managua. El diagnóstico, se enfatiza en la mecánica operativa de la investigación, haciendo uso de la tercera etapa de la guía de planificación turística municipal, lo que permitió la realización del Diagnóstico Turístico de los Distritos IV, V, VI, y VII del municipio de Managua. Este diagnóstico, tuvo como objetivo principal recopilar información sobre: la caracterización de los distritos, recursos naturales, histórico-culturales, socioeconómicos, equipamiento e infraestructura existente en cada uno de ellos; en la que se utilizaron herramientas como: entrevistas, guías de observación entre otras, para la recopilación de la información. De esta manera se sistematiza la información, completando la etapa III de la guía de planificación turística municipal, siendo esta la pauta que permitirá a las autoridades correspondientes la realización de un Plan de Desarrollo Turístico Municipal. Además permite que la población tenga conocimiento del potencial turístico que tiene cada uno de los distritos. Se analizó la situación actual de los recursos que poseen los distritos en estudio, con esto se constató la realidad en la que se encuentran los recursos; además se hizo un análisis FODA, donde se identificaron los problemas que no permiten que sea óptimo su funcionamiento. Finalmente podrán encontrar una serie de recomendacione

Effects of environmental perturbations during postnatal development on the phenotypic integration of the skull

Integration and modularity are fundamental determinants of how natural selection effects evolutionary change in complex multivariate traits. Interest in the study of the specific developmental basis of integration through experimental approaches is fairly recent and it has mainly focused on its genetic determinants. In this study, we present evidence that postnatal environmental perturbations can modify the covariance structure by influencing the variance of some developmental processes relative to the variances of other processes that contribute to such structure. We analyzed the effects of the reduction of nutrient supply in different ontogenetic stages (i.e. before and after weaning, and from birth to adulthood) in Rattus norvegicus. Our results show that this environmental perturbation alters the phenotypic variation/covariation structure of the principal modules of the skull (base, vault, and face). The covariance matrices of different treatment groups exhibit low correlations and are significantly different, indicating that the treatments influence covariance structure. Postnatal nutrient restriction also increases the variance of somatic growth. This increased variance drives an increase in overall integration of cranial morphology through the correlated allometric effects of size variation. The extent of this increase in integration depends on the time and duration of the nutritional restriction. These results support the conclusion that environmental perturbations can influence integration and thus covariance structure via developmental plasticity.Instituto de Genética Veterinari

Contribution to the phytosociological study of Maytenus boaria (Celastraceae) forests in Mendoza

Los rodales de Maytenus boaria en la cordillera de Mendoza constituyen relictos arbóreos en riesgo. Se realizaron relevamientos fitosociológicos de estos en quebradas de la Cordillera Frontal. Se observaron bosques puros en laderas y mixtos en terrazas. Los rodales puros se localizaron por encima de 1500 m s. n. m. en: 1) quebradas cerradas en umbrías y solanas en ambientes fríos, que corresponden al piso de Mulguraea scoparia y Colliguaja integerrima; las condiciones más frías de umbría son evidenciadas por Junellia juniperina, Bowlesia tropaeolifolia, Gutierrezia gilliesii, Mutisia subspinosa, Ephedra breana, Geranium berteroanum y Calceolaria pinifolia; las condiciones más cálidas de solana por Schinus fasciculatus, Lycium chilense y Buddleja mendozensis; 2) valles abiertos en umbrías en ambientes frescos donde crecen las especies del Monte: L. chilense, Baccharis salicifolia, Larrea nitida y Proustia cuneifolia; estas tres últimas junto con Eupatorium buniifolium indican mayor disponibilidad de agua en laderas y terrazas. En los ambientes frescos se relevaron también los bosques mixtos de M. boaria y Ochetophila trinervis con Rosa rubiginosa, P. cuneifolia, E. buniifolium en terrazas por debajo de 1500 m s. n. m. Son bosques azonales que constituyen rodales aislados de escasa extensión en sitios con alta disponibilidad de agua.Maytenus boaria forest stands occurring on Mendoza mountains are deemed to be threatened relicts. A phytosociological survey of these stands was undertaken in ravines of Cordillera Frontal. Pure forest stands of maitén were observed on slopes, and mixed stands on terraces. Pure stands occurred above 1500 m elevation: 1) on shady and sunny slopes of narrow ravines, in cold environment, that belong to the vegetation belt of Mulguraea scoparia and Colliguaja integerrima; colder conditions on shady slopes are evidenced by the presence of Junellia juniperina, Bowlesia tropaeolifolia, Gutierrezia gilliesii, Mutisia subspinosa, Ephedra breana, Geranium berteroanum and Calceolaria pinifolia, and warmer conditions on sunny slopes by Schinus fasciculatus, Lycium chilense and Buddleja mendozensis; 2) on shady slopes in open mountain valleys, in cool environment, where Monte species occur: L. chilense, Baccharis salicifolia, Larrea nitida and Proustia cuneifolia; the last three, together with Eupatorium buniifolium, indicate water availability in slopes and terraces. Mixed forest stands of M. boaria and Ochetophila trinervis with Rosa rubiginosa, P. cuneifolia and E. buniifolium were surveyed on terraces below 1500 m elevation in cool environments. These are azonal forests that grow in small isolated stands on sites with high water availability.Fil: Besio, Laura. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasFil: González Loyarte, María Margarita. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas Fil: Peralta, Iris Edith. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Biológica