Cyclometallated Platinum(II) Complexes Featuring an Unusual, C^N‐Coordinating Pyridyl‐pyridylidene Ligand and L X Coligands: Synthesis, Structures and Dual Luminescence Behavior

Thanks to an unusual protodemethylation reaction, a series of luminescent cyclometallated platinum(II) complexes can be prepared, which incorporate a rare NC-chelating, pyridyl-pyridylidene ligand, in combination with OO-coordinating acetylacetonate (acac) or NO-coordinating 2-picolinate (pic) or 8-hydroxyquinolate. The acac and pic complexes show unusual dual emission in a frozen glass.A series of cyclometallated platinum(II) complexes incorporating a rare, N^C-chelating, pyridyl-pyridylidene ligand are described, in which the coordination sphere is completed by two chlorides or an L X co-ligand, namely O O-coordinating acetylacetonate (acac), or N^O-coordinating 2-picolinate (pic) or 8-hydroxyquinolinate. The acac and pic complexes have been structurally characterized in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. These two complexes display red phosphorescence in the solid state at room temperature. In a frozen glass at 77 K, all four complexes show two broad emission bands that span much of the visible spectrum, apparently from two unequilibrated excited states

On the extraction of cellulose nanowhiskers from food by-products and their comparative reinforcing effect on a polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate polymer

The present work reports on the characterization of cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) extracted from three different food by-products, i.e., wheat straw (WSCNW), Brewers spent grains (BGCNW) and olive pomace (OPCNW), by using an optimized hydrolysis method similar to that developed to extract bacterial cellulose nanowhiskers (BCNW). WSCNW and BGCNW were seen to present optimal properties, with aspect ratio, crystallinity and thermal stability values comparable to those of BCNW. Additionally, the optimized hydrolysis treatment led to extraction yields higher than those previously reported for food by-products. The CNW were subsequently incorporated into a commercial polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate polymer (PHBV) by solution casting, and the produced nanocomposites were characterized. Although the addition of BGCNW and WSCNW was advantageous in terms of mechanical performance in comparison with OPCNW, no significant enhancement of the pure PHBV mechanical properties was reported because of the low nanofiller loadings used and the inherent difficulty of achieving a high degree of dispersion by the casting method. Interestingly, BGCNW and WSCNW presented reduced moisture sensitivity as compared with BCNW, leading to greater barrier performance and resulting in oxygen permeability reductions up to 26 % with WSCNW and 44 % with BGCNW.Noelle Peutat, on leave from the University of Grenoble in France, is acknowledged for her great dedication and support in the experimental work. M. Martinez-Sanz would like to thank the Spanish Ministry of Education for FPU Grant 1484. The authors acknowledge financial support from the EU FP7 ECOBIOCAP Project. The Electronic Microscopy Department in the SCIE from the University of Valencia is acknowledged for the support with SEM and TEM analyses. The Portuguese authors also acknowledge support from the FCT (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) through strategic project PEst-OE/EQB/LA0023/2013

The role of early childhood psychological factors in determining risk for enuresis at school age in a UK cohort

There is evidence for a link between psychological factors and bedwetting, but the direction of this association is unclear. Using data on 8769 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, we examined whether difficult temperament (Toddler Temperament Scale at 24 months; Emotionality Activity Sociability Questionnaire at 38 months) and psychological problems (Revised Rutter Parent Scale for Preschool Children at 42 months) are linked to bedwetting at school age. We examined the association between these risk factors and different patterns of bedwetting from 4 to 9 years using multinomial regression. Difficult temperament and psychological problems in early childhood were associated with increased odds of bedwetting at 4–9 years. The strongest associations were most often found for the pattern of bedwetting that was both frequent (at least twice a week) and persistent (up to age 9) e.g. the temperament traits of ‘adaptability’ and ‘mood’ were associated with a 33 % increase (95 % confidence interval = 1.14–1.55) and a 27 % increase (1.10–1.47) respectively in the odds of persistent and frequent bedwetting per one standard deviation increase in risk score. Early behaviour problems (e.g. conduct problems [1.43 (1.25, 1.63)] and hyperactivity [1.29 (1.11, 1.50), p < 0.001]) were also associated with frequent and persistent bedwetting, but there was less evidence that early emotional difficulties were risk factors for bedwetting. Adjustment for confounders did not alter these conclusions. The presence of difficult temperament and behaviour problems in early childhood might help to identify children who will continue to experience bedwetting at school age. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00787-015-0756-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

TEMAS: A Flexible Non-AI Algorithm for Metrology of Single-Core and Core-Shell Nanoparticles from TEM Images

An essential application of electron microscopy is to provide feedback to tune the fabrication of nanoparticles (NPs). Real samples tend to follow a size distribution commonly linked to the synthesis process used and in turn to their functional properties. This study presents an algorithm for measuring particle size distributions in electron microscopy images. State-of-the-art methods based on Artificial Intelligence (e.g., Deep Learning) require extensive datasets of labeled images similar to those expected to be analyzed, and extensive supervised re-training is often required for cross-domain application. In contrast, the non-AI algorithm described in this study is accurate and can be quickly set up for measuring new experimental images in different domains. The accuracy of the method is validated quantitatively and comparing graphical and descriptive statistics. Different size distributions are measured on images of platinum and gold nanocatalysts supported on carbon black, amorphous carbon, and titanium dioxide crystals. Also, images of platinum-iron core-shell NPs supported on thin amorphous carbon film are successfully analyzed. The limitation of evaluating different algorithms for NPs metrology is the lack of standards that different researchers can use as ground truth. In order to overcome this limitation, the images and the ground truth measurements presented here are shared as an open dataset. © 2023 The Authors. Particle & Particle Systems Characterization published by Wiley-VCH GmbH

Разработка модели для определения наиболее вероятной длительности задач проекта методами нейронных сетей

Объектом проектирования и разработки является модель для определения наиболее вероятной длительности задач методами нейронных сетей и анализа рисков по задачам. В процессе исследования был проведён анализ рисков и разработан сервис для генерации факторов риска по задачам, на основании которого был произведён выбор модели для дальнейшей реализации. В результате был предложен нейросетевой модель который позволяет анализировать факторы по задачам и предсказывать трудозатраты. В ходе проведения анализа были подобраны такие параметры, при которых модель предсказывает трудозатраты с высокой точности.The object of design and development is a model for determining the most probable duration of tasks using neural networks and risk analysis for tasks. In the course of the research, a risk analysis was carried out and a service was developed for generating risk factors for tasks, on the basis of which a model was selected for further implementation. As a result, a neural network model was proposed that allows you to analyze factors by task and predict labor costs. In the course of the analysis, such parameters were selected at which the model predicts labor costs with high accuracy

Surface modification of structural materials by low-energy high-current pulsed electron beam treatment

Microstructure formation in surface layers of pure titanium and ferritic-martensitic steel subjected to electron beam treatment is studied. It is shown that low energy high-current pulsed electron beam irradiation leads to the martensite structure within the surface layer of pure titanium. Contrary, the columnar ferrite grains grow during solidification of ferritic-martensitic steel. The effect of electron beam energy density on the surface morphology and microstructure of the irradiated metals is demonstrated

Incontinence in Individuals with Rett Syndrome: A Comparative Study

Frequency and type of incontinence and its association with other variables were assessed in females with Rett Syndrome (RS) (n = 63), using an adapted Dutch version of the ‘Parental Questionnaire: Enuresis/Urinary Incontinence’ (Beetz et al. 1994). Also, incontinence in RS was compared to a control group consisting of females with non-specific (mixed) intellectual disability (n = 26). Urinary incontinence (UI) (i.e., daytime incontinence and nocturnal enuresis) and faecal incontinence (FI) were found to be common problems among females with RS that occur in a high frequency of days/nights. UI and FI were mostly primary in nature and occur independent of participants’ age and level of adaptive functioning. Solid stool, lower urinary tract symptoms and urinary tract infections (UTI’s) were also common problems in females with RS. No differences in incontinence between RS and the control group were found, except for solid stool that was more common in RS than in the control group. It is concluded that incontinence is not part of the behavioural phenotype of RS, but that there is an increased risk for solid stool in females with RS

Correlation between magnetic spin structure and the three-dimensional geometry in chemically synthesized nanoscale magnetite rings

The correlation between magnetic spin structure and geometry in nanoscale chemically synthesized Fe(3)O(4) rings has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy. We find primarily the flux closure vortex states but in rings with thickness variations, an effective stray field occurs. Using tomography, we determine the complete three-dimensional geometries of thicker rings. A direct correlation between the geometry and the magnetization which points out of plane in the thickest parts of the ring yielding an intermediate magnetic state between the vortex state and the tube state is found. The interaction between exchange coupled rings leads to antiparallel vortex states and extended onion states. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics.Physics, AppliedSCI(E)EI2ARTICLE22null9