THE PRESENCE OF GLOBAL VALUE CHAIN IN COASTAL MARINE TOURISM

This paper identifies the actors in the Global Value Chain (GVC) for coastal and marine tourism (CMT) in the Thousand Islands and analyses SWOT for the lodging and transportation sectors. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with the actors who are managers of lodgings and travel agents, transportation business owners, tour guides, and government organizations. This study first reveals the stakeholders involved in the GVC are the community, government, and private companies. It also confirms the tourist type that is dominated by organized mass tourists.  Secondly, SWOT analysis was used to describe the situation of the lodging and transportation sectors. Infrastructure is the main concern of transportation, while for accommodations, there are wide ranges of resorts and homestays with the majority managed by the local community. In addition, technology improvement also contributes to the ease of information access, facilities, and tourism product purchase. Keywords: Global Value Chain Model, Coastal Marine Tourism, Thousand Islands, SWOT Analysi

Perilaku Masyarakat Dalam Penanggulangan Penyakit Rabies Di Desa Kalasey Kecamatan Pineleng Kabupaten Minahasa

This study aimed to determine and assess the behavior of society in the prevention of rabies in the village District Kalasey Pineleng. The research method used was qualitative research by collecting data through interviews, observation and documentation. Informants of 20 people selected by the owner (12 people who have pet dogs), 3 person ever bitten by dogs and 5 people who do not have a dog. The results showed that the public knew about rabies and disease characteristics and clinical symptoms, and they knew that rabies was dangerous disease. The ways of prevention of rabies disease was known by the informants only on conventional, such as feeding up, full, taking good care of, tied, bathed, and so forth. Medically the most they knew about the vaccine, and extension of the rabies vaccination was very rarely implemented, so they just waited for the officer to come. There were dog owners who deliberately did want to be vaccinated the dog their assumption that the dogs became weak and not grumpy anymore. Based on this research it could be concluded that the behavior of society in the prevention of rabies in the village District Kalasey Pineleng relatively well, especially in terms of knowledge about ways to prevent and control of this disease. Although the extension of the rabies disease and mass vaccination, it is rarely carried out but the knowledge of high society people behave so well. To reduce the incidence of rabies, effective ways to avoid dog bites and personal approach to implementing the program to the community. Government carries out mass vaccinations, routine and periodic free of charge so that people do not consider that it is a burden on dog owners

Gambaran Kepribadian Berdasarkan Tes Disc Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado Semester 1 Tahun 2016

: Personality is one of the factors that influence human behavior. Personality factor has a supporting value to the success rate of a medical student. The purpose of this research was to detemine the personality based on DISC test to the first semester student of Faculty of Medicine at Sam Ratulangi University year 2016. This was a descriptive research using cross sectional study method. The subjects of research were all first semester student of Medical Faculty at Sam Ratulangi University year 2016 that have completed the inclusion criteria amounted to 101 people. The result showed that subjects of research that have a personality dominant type S were 47 subjects (46,53%), personality dominant type C were 34 subjects (33,66%), personality dominant type I were 18 subjects (17,82%), and personality dominant type D were 2 subjects (1,99%). From the result of the research, it can be concluded that personality based on DISC test to the first semester student of Medical Faculty at Sam Ratulangi University year 2016 the subjects of research mostly have a personality dominant type S total 47 subjects (46,53%)

A U-shaped protection of altitude against mortality and infection of COVID-19 in Peru: An ecological study

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world in multiple ways and has been a challenge for the health systems of each country. From the beginning, risk factors for the severity and mortality of the disease were considered, as the spread of the virus was related to the living conditions of each population. Methods In this ecological study we have evaluated the role of geography, precisely the altitude above sea level in the incidence and mortality of COVID-19 in Peru. Incidence and mortality data were taken from the open-access database of the government of Peru until March 2021. COVID-19 cases and COVID-19 mortality were treated as cases/density population and 1000 x cases/inhabitants while altitude was treated as continuous and as a categorical variable divided in 7 categories. The relationship between COVID-19 cases or deaths for COVID-19 and altitude as continuous variable was determined using Spearman correlation test. Meanwhile when altitude was considered as a categorical variable, Poisson regression or negative binomial analyses were applied. Results A significant inverse correlation was found between COVID-19 cases by population density and altitude (r=-0.37 p < 0.001). By altitude categories, the lowest risk for infection was observed between 3,000 and 3,500 m (IRR 0.08; 95% CI 0.05,0.12). Moreover, we found an inverse correlation between altitude and COVID-19 mortality (r=-0.39 p < 0.001). Also, the lowest risk for mortality was observed between 3,000 and 3,500 m (IRR 0.12; 95%CI 0.08; 0.18). Similar results were found when analyses were adjusted for inhabitants and stratified by sex. Conclusion This study reports an inverse relationship between COVID-19 incidence and mortality with respect to the altitude of residence, particularly, a u-shaped protection is shown, with a highest benefit between 3000 and 3500 m. The possibility of using hypoxia as an alternative treatment requires more complex studies that should allow knowing the physiological and environmental mechanisms of the protective role

Determination of minerals, vitamins, antinutrient and amino acid profile of pumpkin pie produced pumpkin (cucurbeta spp) puree and wheat (tritium aestivum) flour supplemented with spices and butter

Pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.), is one of the most popular vegetables consumed in the world, has been recently recognized as a functional food. Traditional crops including the pumpkins, which are rich in micronutrients, are not consumed widely by smallholder farmers in Africa. However, the cultivation of high yielding, nutrient-rich, multipurpose crops-like pumpkin is important in solving the problems of malnutrition and contributing to food security in Africa including Nigeria. Objectives: Therefore, this work aimed at producing Pumpkin pie from Pumpkin puree and wheat supplemented with some indigenous spices alongside butter. Methodology: Formulations into various formed were made using Pearson's method. The formulations were assayed for mineral, vitamin, antinutrient and amino acid composition using standard laboratory methods. A significant (P&lt;0.05) difference was observed in Zn and Ca content of all the samples, with sample D recording the highest value for Zn (1.30±0.01) mg/g and Ca (0.47±0.01) mg/g. However, samples A and D had the least values for Na and Fe. An increasing and decreasing pattern was observed in all the vitamin contents(B 1, B&nbsp;2 , B&nbsp;6 , B12&nbsp;and C), moving from samples A through to D. Vitamin contents of samples B1 and B6 and higher than he RDA, while B2 , B12 and C were below RDA. The overall antinutrient contents observed were generally low, with sample A having the lowest values for Phytate, Oxalate and tannins. The B, C and D are more enhanced in terms of essential amino acids compared to the control group (sample A). Conclusion: Pumpkin pie can be produced from pumpkin and its supplementation of the spices can boost the pie with essential amino acids, minerals, and vitamin composition. This shows the potential of using pumpkin pie as snacks in-between meals for the prevention of Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM).&nbsp

Semiquantitative theory of electronic Raman scattering from medium-size quantum dots

A consistent semiquantitative theoretical analysis of electronic Raman scattering from many-electron quantum dots under resonance excitation conditions has been performed. The theory is based on random-phase-approximation-like wave functions, with the Coulomb interactions treated exactly, and hole valence-band mixing accounted for within the Kohn-Luttinger Hamiltonian framework. The widths of intermediate and final states in the scattering process, although treated phenomenologically, play a significant role in the calculations, particularly for well above band gap excitation. The calculated polarized and unpolarized Raman spectra reveal a great complexity of features and details when the incident light energy is swept from below, through, and above the quantum dot band gap. Incoming and outgoing resonances dramatically modify the Raman intensities of the single particle, charge density, and spin density excitations. The theoretical results are presented in detail and discussed with regard to experimental observations.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev.

SBOL-OWL: An ontological approach for formal and semantic representation of synthetic biology information

Standard representation of data is key for the reproducibility of designs in synthetic biology. The Synthetic Biology Open Language (SBOL) has already emerged as a data standard to represent information about genetic circuits, and it is based on capturing data using graphs. The language provides the syntax using a free text document that is accessible to humans only. This paper describes SBOL-OWL, an ontology for a machine understandable definition of SBOL. This ontology acts as a semantic layer for genetic circuit designs. As a result, computational tools can understand the meaning of design entities in addition to parsing structured SBOL data. SBOL-OWL not only describes how genetic circuits can be constructed computationally, it also facilitates the use of several existing Semantic Web tools for synthetic biology. This paper demonstrates some of these features, for example, to validate designs and check for inconsistencies. Through the use of SBOL-OWL, queries can be simplified and become more intuitive. Moreover, existing reasoners can be used to infer information about genetic circuit designs that cannot be directly retrieved using existing querying mechanisms. This ontological representation of the SBOL standard provides a new perspective to the verification, representation, and querying of information about genetic circuits and is important to incorporate complex design information via the integration of biological ontologies

Semi-supervised source extraction methodology for the nosological imaging of glioblastoma response to therapy.

Glioblastomas are one the most aggressive brain tumors. Their usual bad prognosis is due to the heterogeneity of their response to treatment and the lack of early and robust biomarkers to decide whether the tumor is responding to therapy. In this work, we propose the use of a semi-supervised methodology for source extraction to identify the sources representing tumor response to therapy, untreated/unresponsive tumor, and normal brain; and create nosological images of the response to therapy based on those sources. Fourteen mice were used to calculate the sources, and an independent test set of eight mice was used to further evaluate the proposed approach. The preliminary results obtained indicate that was possible to discriminate response and untreated/unresponsive areas of the tumor, and that the color-coded images allowed convenient tracking of response, especially throughout the course of therapy