Toda mulher tem sua hora da estrela: Clarice Lispector, Maria Bethânia e Macabéa

Pesquisa sem auxílio de agências de fomentoTrabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)Ao fazer, como ela mesma afirma, “da língua portuguesa sua língua interior”, Clarice Lispector atravessa a vida e a obra de diversos outros artistas que, como ela o fez, carregam também junto a si a flor do Lácio enquanto instrumento poético. Um desses atravessamentos deu-se quando, no interior da Bahia, Maria Bethânia é apresentada por seu irmão, Caetano Veloso, à então escritora, cujos textos, após digeridos pela menina dos olhos de Oyá, passaram a ser interpretados potentemente por Bethânia em vários de seus shows. A boa conversa entre a música e a literatura pode ser observada no trabalho de alguns dos nomes mais representativos do nosso acervo literário e musical e, no caso específico desse estudo, encontra local fecundo nas performances rapsódicas de Bethânia, em que ela, enquanto intérprete e atriz, para além da cantora, constrói um enredo teatralizado no qual declama dramaturgicamente fragmentos de textos literários. Desse modo, pensando em específico no atravessamento da literatura e, possivelmente, da figura de Clarice em Bethânia pessoa, cantora e intérprete, esse trabalho se costura analisando, em movimento relacional com o último texto de Clarice Lispector publicado em vida, um espetáculo apresentado por Maria Bethânia, sob direção de Naum Alves de Souza, em 1984, ao comemorar os 64 anos que Clarice estaria fazendo. Tal espetáculo, intitulado A hora da estrela, homônimo da obra prestigiada de Clarice, publicada no ano de 1977, apresenta uma Bethânia que se transmuta em Macabéa, personagem central do livro em questão, ao interpretar trechos da narrativa ao passo em que canta canções escritas por nomes como Caetano Veloso, Chico Buarque e Waly Salomão, que, por sua vez, estabelecem um diálogo com a obra de Clarice, voluntária ou involuntariamente, afinal “todo texto é um mosaico de citações, todo texto é absorção e transformação de um outro texto.” (KRISTEVA, 1974, p. 64). Assim, é interessante analisar como essa escrita poética declamada e interpretada por Bethânia se faz em cima da escrita poética de Clarice, gerando, como disse a escritora à intérprete na primeira vez em que assistiu a um show seu: “Faíscas. Faíscas no palco.” E as mesmas faíscas encontramos na preciosidade narrativa de Clarice, A hora da estrela

Gênero, autoconceito e trabalho na perspectiva de brasileiros e angolanos

The study presents a descriptive qualitative analysis of the differences and similarities of feminine and masculine attributes of Brazilian and Angolan workers, with or without management jobs. The assumption is that the gender attributes found in the individual’s self-concept are related to socialization and the work experience in the two countries. A total of 431 workers participated – 300 from Brazil and 131 from Angola –, 164 men and 267 women. The Inventory of Self-Concept Gender Schemes was used. Data were analyzed using frequency, the chi-square test, and qualitative analysis, taking into account country, gender, and management function. The results indicate the prevalence of feminine attributes in the overall sample, not differentiating by country. The “Responsible” attribute stands out among workers, regardless of country, gender, and managerial level. The “Dedicated” attribute is more strongly present in those without management responsibilities. Masculine attributes, although fewer in number, are strongly associated with men and differ by country and managerial function. It is concluded that feminine attributes are present in workers’ self-assessments regardless of gender and managerial level, supporting the hypothesis of similarities between gender attributes. Limitations of the study are presented in the final section.O estudo apresenta uma análise descritiva e qualitativa das diferenças e similaridades de atributos femininos e masculinos de trabalhadores brasileiros e angolanos, com ou sem função gerencial. A suposição é que os atributos de gênero presentes no autoconceito pessoal estão relacionados à socialização e à experiência de trabalho nos dois países. Participaram 431 trabalhadores – trezentos do Brasil e 131 de Angola –, sendo 164 homens e 267 mulheres. Foi utilizado um Inventário dos Esquemas de gênero do Autoconceito. Os dados foram analisados mediante frequência, teste do qui-quadrado e análise qualitativa, levando em conta país, sexo e função gerencial. Os resultados indicam a prevalência de atributos femininos na amostra geral, não diferenciando países. O atributo responsável destaca-se entre trabalhadores, independentemente de país, sexo e função gerencial. O atributo dedicado está mais fortemente presente naqueles que não assumem funções gerenciais. Os atributos masculinos, apesar de em menor número, estão fortemente associados a homens e se diferenciam por país e função gerencial. Conclui-se que os atributos femininos estão presentes na autoavaliação de trabalhadores, independentemente do sexo e do exercício da função gerencial, corroborando a hipótese das similaridades entre atributos de gênero. Limitações do estudo são apresentadas na seção final

Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

Background Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventilator, successful weaning as no reintubation or death within 7 days of extubation, and weaning eligibility criteria based on positive end-expiratory pressure, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air, and vasopressors. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned at 90 days. Key secondary outcomes included weaning duration, timing of weaning events, factors associated with weaning delay and weaning failure, and hospital outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03255109. Findings Between Oct 4, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 10 232 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 5869 were enrolled. 4523 (77·1%) patients underwent at least one separation attempt and 3817 (65·0%) patients were successfully weaned from ventilation at day 90. 237 (4·0%) patients were transferred before any separation attempt, 153 (2·6%) were transferred after at least one separation attempt and not successfully weaned, and 1662 (28·3%) died while invasively ventilated. The median time from fulfilling weaning eligibility criteria to first separation attempt was 1 day (IQR 0–4), and 1013 (22·4%) patients had a delay in initiating first separation of 5 or more days. Of the 4523 (77·1%) patients with separation attempts, 2927 (64·7%) had a short wean (≤1 day), 457 (10·1%) had intermediate weaning (2–6 days), 433 (9·6%) required prolonged weaning (≥7 days), and 706 (15·6%) had weaning failure. Higher sedation scores were independently associated with delayed initiation of weaning. Delayed initiation of weaning and higher sedation scores were independently associated with weaning failure. 1742 (31·8%) of 5479 patients died in the intensive care unit and 2095 (38·3%) of 5465 patients died in hospital. Interpretation In critically ill patients receiving at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation, only 65% were weaned at 90 days. A better understanding of factors that delay the weaning process, such as delays in weaning initiation or excessive sedation levels, might improve weaning success rates

Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

Background: Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventilator, successful weaning as no reintubation or death within 7 days of extubation, and weaning eligibility criteria based on positive end-expiratory pressure, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air, and vasopressors. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned at 90 days. Key secondary outcomes included weaning duration, timing of weaning events, factors associated with weaning delay and weaning failure, and hospital outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03255109. Findings: Between Oct 4, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 10 232 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 5869 were enrolled. 4523 (77·1%) patients underwent at least one separation attempt and 3817 (65·0%) patients were successfully weaned from ventilation at day 90. 237 (4·0%) patients were transferred before any separation attempt, 153 (2·6%) were transferred after at least one separation attempt and not successfully weaned, and 1662 (28·3%) died while invasively ventilated. The median time from fulfilling weaning eligibility criteria to first separation attempt was 1 day (IQR 0-4), and 1013 (22·4%) patients had a delay in initiating first separation of 5 or more days. Of the 4523 (77·1%) patients with separation attempts, 2927 (64·7%) had a short wean (≤1 day), 457 (10·1%) had intermediate weaning (2-6 days), 433 (9·6%) required prolonged weaning (≥7 days), and 706 (15·6%) had weaning failure. Higher sedation scores were independently associated with delayed initiation of weaning. Delayed initiation of weaning and higher sedation scores were independently associated with weaning failure. 1742 (31·8%) of 5479 patients died in the intensive care unit and 2095 (38·3%) of 5465 patients died in hospital. Interpretation: In critically ill patients receiving at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation, only 65% were weaned at 90 days. A better understanding of factors that delay the weaning process, such as delays in weaning initiation or excessive sedation levels, might improve weaning success rates. Funding: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, European Respiratory Society