Investment Spikes in Dutch Horticulture: An Analysis at Firm and Aggregate Firm Level Over the Period 1975-1999

An intermittent and lumpy pattern of investments is observed in the Dutch horticulture sector: only 16.5% of firms experience of investment spike, but they account for 67.7% of total investment. The objective of this paper is to examine the impact of time-varying and time-invariant variables on the probability of observing an investment spieke. This paper investigates the spells between investment spikes in a discrete-time proportional hazard framework. Duration models were estimated on two data sets: on an unbalanced panel and on a grouped into 10 groups data of Dutch glasshouse firms over the period 1975-1999. Different specifications of the model were estimated. Theoretically based model can sufficiently explain the occurrence of investment spikes. Both models show a 6- year period of investment spikes that is also confirmed for the average firm which exhibits a higher hazard ratio in the 6th, 12-13th and 19-20th years of duration. The presence of investment cycle can demonstrate the long-run policy of firms in presence of non-convex adjustment costs. The panel-data models are augmented with a Gamma distribution to account for unobserved heterogeneity among firms.Investments, discrete-hazard duration model, Dutch greenhouse horticulture, gamma heterogeneity, Crop Production/Industries, Q12, D9,

Entry and Exit of firms explained by trigger points: Dutch glasshouse horticulture

The entry and exit decisions, considered as investment decisions, are investigated in the paper. Taking into account the heterogeneity of entry and exit, the analysis is based on two types of entry-exit: real (related to the establishment or closing of a firm), or entry-exit in a new sector (indicating the diversification or changing specialisation). The theoretical model is based on Marshallian trigger points with Real Option trigger points as an alternative. The estimation exploited the negative binomial model to investigate the role of trigger points (thresholds) on the observed number of entry or exit firms in Dutch glasshouse horticulture over 25 years. Firms should overcome different thresholds depending on types of entry and exit. Marshallian trigger points function as good as the ones based on Real Option theory. The estimation of the model, which takes into account expected output prices, uncertainty and the interest rate, however, provides the best explanation of entry and exit. That model can be considered of a flexible variant of Real Option theory. The model provides plausible elasticities of entry and exit, either real or in changing specialisation.entry and exit, trigger points, glasshouse horticulture, Crop Production/Industries, Industrial Organization,

Development of Cottage Cheese Technology Using Whey Broth of Linder Flowers

The article presents research results of determining the rational amount of whey broth of linden flowers that favored the increase of the goat cottage cheese quality after adding to cheese seeds.It was established, that under the influence of the rational amount of 10-20 % of broth, introduced to cheese seeds of development batches (D 1, D 2) of the products at its setting (instead of the same amount of eliminated cheese whey), there took place the increase of the protein content by 0,3, 0,5 % and moisture by 0,6, 1,7 %, comparing with the control.The use of the rational amount of broth in development batches favored the increase of the product output of 100 kg of skimmed milk by 0,6, 0,8 %, respectively, comparing with the control.Whey broth of linden flowers also stimulated the development of the healthy microflora, which amount in development batches of the product (D1- D2) was higher in 2,5 and 2,8 times, comparing with an analogous result in the control.It maximally bring commodity parameters of development batches of cottage cheese to requirements of the product, manufactured of cow milk, and increases the number of consumers of goat milk products

Involvement of universities in social and economic development of the region

Дана характеристика основных индикаторов и проблем развития социальной сферы Приморского края, определено значение участия университета в развитии человеческого потенциала региона.The characteristic of the main indicators of problems and social development of Primorsky region, defined the participation of the University in the development of human potential in the region

Investigation of Import Substitution and Expansion Impact in Russian Foreign Economic Practice by Supply Chain Strategy

Abstract-The gist of this article boils down to the practice of implementing foreign trade policy of Russia and its strategic interests in world trade in modern conditions. In the era of globalization, characterized by an aggravation of the political situation and the presence of sanctions, import substitution and export expansion are considered to be an important economic tool for the restoration and growth of the production potential of the Russian economy and the agro-industrial sector. The article discusses the experience of using import-substituting and export-expanding strategies in the Russian Federation. The scientific hypothesis is expressed in the following thesis: the study of the theoretical aspects of import-substituting and export-expanding supply chain strategies; a study of the nature, goals, characteristics and results of import substitution in Russia. The essence of import substitution is the economic policy of the state, aimed at reducing, and in some cases, completely stopping the entry of goods from other countries to the country's market. The import substitution supply chain strategy is aimed at maintaining its own industry, contributes to the modernization of economic sectors, innovative development and general state security. A methodical approach of the import substitution supply chain strategy being developed, it is possible to increase the production of goods in the country. Particular attention is paid to the study of the nature, goals, characteristics and results of import substitution in Russia.  Final positioning concept is formulated in the paper

METHODOLOGY IMPROVEMENT SPEED-STRENGTH FOR YOUNG ATHLETES

The paper discusses the current views on the methodology of development of special speed-strength in the physical education of children 9-10 years engaged in the fight. We used specially selected traditional speed-strength exercises are bringing "explosive" muscle power. These indicators allowed defining options for the development of explosive strength of muscles in young athletes using shock method.The paper discusses the current views on the methodology of development of special speed-strength in the physical education of children 9-10 years engaged in the fight. We used specially selected traditional speed-strength exercises are bringing "explosive" muscle power. These indicators allowed defining options for the development of explosive strength of muscles in young athletes using shock method

Synthesis of di(Imdazolium) and di(Pyrazolium) Salts as Precursors for N-heterocyclic Dicarbene Complexes

Alpha,omega-bis(pyrazol-1-yl)alkanes and alpha,omega-bis(imidazol-1-yl)alkanes with spacers consisting of four to ten methylene groups have been prepared from pyrazole, 3,5-dimethylpyrazole or imidazole and corresponding dibromoalkanes in a superbasic medium KOH-DMSO. The proposed method of synthesis allowed the preparation of new flexible bidentate ligands without the need to use toxic solvents and tedious workup procedures. Bis(pyrazol-1-yl)alkanes were further functionalized for their use as precursors for “non-classical” mesoionic N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. One the first step, iodine atoms were introduced to positions 4 of pyrazole rings by oxidative iodination using I[2]-HIO[3] system. On the next step, nitrogen atoms in positions 2 of pyrazole rings were alkylated using several agents. Reaction with methyliodide unexpectedly led to the formation of only mono-alkylated products even after 7 days of refluxing in a neat alkyliodide. Methylation by trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate or methyltriflate led to dimethylated products in high yields. Bis(imidazol-1-yl)alkanes were easily alkylated by methyliodide to give di(imidazolium) salts – precursors to “classic” N-heterocyclic dicarbenes

Quantum confinement in Si and Ge nanostructures: Effect of crystallinity

We look at the relationship between the preparation method of Si and Ge nanostructures (NSs) and the structural, electronic, and optical properties in terms of quantum confinement (QC). QC in NSs causes a blue shift of the gap energy with decreasing NS dimension. Directly measuring the effect of QC is complicated by additional parameters, such as stress, interface and defect states. In addition, differences in NS preparation lead to differences in the relevant parameter set. A relatively simple model of QC, using a `particle-in-a-box'-type perturbation to the effective mass theory, was applied to Si and Ge quantum wells, wires and dots across a variety of preparation methods. The choice of the model was made in order to distinguish contributions that are solely due to the effects of QC, where the only varied experimental parameter was the crystallinity. It was found that the hole becomes de-localized in the case of amorphous materials, which leads to stronger confinement effects. The origin of this result was partly attributed to differences in the effective mass between the amorphous and crystalline NS as well as between the electron and hole. Corrections to our QC model take into account a position dependent effective mass. This term includes an inverse length scale dependent on the displacement from the origin. Thus, when the deBroglie wavelength or the Bohr radius of the carriers is on the order of the dimension of the NS the carriers `feel' the confinement potential altering their effective mass. Furthermore, it was found that certain interface states (Si-O-Si) act to pin the hole state, thus reducing the oscillator strength.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1111.201

The Features of the Content and Subject Composition of Settlement Agreements in Cases of Invalidity of Transactions

Settlement agreements in civil and arbitration proceedings are one of the most convenient and effective ways to resolve disputes arising between participants in civil legal relations. At the same time, within the framework of some civil disputes, the content of settlement agreements has significant specificity, and sometimes – due to the peculiarities of the subject composition and the merits of the case – they cannot be applied at all for the purpose of reconciling the parties. An example of such disputes are cases related to the recognition of the transaction as invalid and the application of the consequences of the invalidity of the transaction, the legal regulation of which is unique. The economic reasons for the invalidity of transactions predetermine the peculiarities of the content of settlement agreements in the relevant category of cases, limiting it exclusively to the procedure for fulfilling restorative obligations and obligations to compensate for losses. This circumstance is due to the fact that, from the point of view of the dynamics of civil legal relations, an invalid transaction introduces uncertainty in the ownership of property and the distribution of rights and obligations of the participants in legal relations, which can be eliminated only by restoring the situation that existed before the conclusion and execution of the transaction with a defect. The current civil law regulation in this part (Article 4311 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation), which allows the conclusion of analogues of amicable agreements in cases of invalidity of transactions involving other, in addition to restitution, the consequences of the invalidity of transactions, in this regard, cannot be recognized as satisfactory. Contestation of the transaction by “another person specified in the law” (Article 166 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation), as well as in the interests of third parties by specially authorized entities (procedural plaintiffs), the possibility of participation in a completed and executed transaction of public law entities determine the raising of questions about the possibility of concluding amicable agreements by these entities. It is noted that these subjects, as follows from the analysis of domestic civil, civil procedural, administrative and family legislation, being interested in resolving the case on recognizing the transaction as invalid and on the application of the consequences of its invalidity, do not participate in its execution, and therefore cannot determine the procedure for the fulfillment of obligations arising from it