From Human Rights to the Right to Health: A Systematic Literature Review

This study aims to analyze literature that reflects on prevention in health, with a focus on humanization and medium- and long-term impacts on the economy of countries and suggest future research that further expands this topic. The use of the SMARTER method to select the articles included in the literature review and choose the best alternatives presents a series of techniques and methods to support decision-making when there is a multiplicity of criteria. Through a systematic review of the literature over the past 41 years, articles were selected using the SCOPUS database, where 96 studies were analyzed after using the SMARTER selection criteria. The results point to the need to review and improve policies, interventions, and public activities that address prevention in health, with less emphasis on the curative approach and without neglecting economic and social facets. A strong argument highlighting the importance of the economic factor lies in the possibility of increasing participation in the labor market and combating social inequalities.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Origem e trajetória do Plano Nacional do Livro e do Material Didático e a relação com o desenvolvimento de formação de leitores

This text aims to show the trajectory followed by the Plano Nacional do Livro e do Material Didactic (PNLD), from its origin to its current format, highlighting its importance for the work of encouraging reading and training readers developed in schools across the country. Brazil. In order to contextualize the emergence of programs focused on reading, we sought to describe the main policies related to the theme that permeated the Brazilian educational scenario since the Proclamation of the Republic, in 1889, until the consolidation of the PNLD. Thus, several sources of data were used, such as texts and surveys and the official websites of the federal government so that the contours of these policies could be brought out, seeking to show their importance for the constitution of the current system of education. In the end, it was concluded that it is up to the public power to continue the program of selection and distribution of didactic and literary books, to the school the development of a work aimed at the interaction with the works and to society the appreciation of written culture, which will be based on the actions mentioned above.O presente texto tem por objetivo mostrar a trajetória do Plano Nacional do Livro e do Material Didático (PNLD), desde sua origem ao atual formato, ressaltando a sua importância para o trabalho de incentivo à leitura e formação de leitores desenvolvido nas escolas de todo o Brasil. A fim de contextualizar o surgimento dos programas voltados para a leitura, buscou-se descrever as principais políticas relacionadas ao tema que permearam o cenário educacional brasileiro desde a Proclamação da República, em 1889, até a consolidação do PNLD. Assim, recorreu-se à diversas fontes de dados como textos e pesquisas e os sites oficiais do governo federal para que se pudesse desenhar os contornos dessas políticas, buscando mostrar a importância dessas para a constituição do sistema atual de educação. Ao final, concluiu-se que, cabe ao poder público, dar continuidade ao programa de seleção e distribuição de livros didáticos e literários; à escola, o desenvolvimento de um trabalho voltado para a interação com as obras; e à sociedade, a valorização da cultura escrita, que se dará a partir das ações citadas anteriormente

Work-Family Interface in the Context of Social Responsibility: A Systematic Literature Review

The literature on internal social responsibility, in which the work-family interface can be included, already has a robust tradition in scientific research. It is, therefore, important to systematize the path that has been taken and what the future may hold. This article aims to systematize the literature that simultaneously focuses on the work-family relationship and on the context of social responsibility and sustainability, with the purpose of mapping the research that has been produced on these intersections. A systematic review of the literature was conducted between the period 1968 and 2021. The search was performed on the SCOPUS database, and the analysis was conducted using the VOSviewer software, with 333 articles having been identified and subjected to a bibliometric and content analysis. As a result, 88 articles were analyzed in depth, focusing on the Work and Life Space dimension and the work-family relationship. The results indicate that corporate social responsibility has a positive effect on the work-family relationship, where an efficient balance between personal and professional life is often measured based on the adequacy of the adjustment of factors such as working hours and social and family commitments.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Brain interference: Revisiting the role of IFNγ in the central nervous system

Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, first described as a secreted molecule capable of interfering with viral replication. Since then, numerous other important actions in the context of the immune response to invading pathogens (including those invading the brain) have been ascribed to this pleiotropic cytokine. Nevertheless, the precise role of IFN gamma in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, and its possible contribution to the regulation of normal brain function, remains enigmatic. This review integrates and considers current knowledge about IFN gamma actions with accumulating evidence of its importance on neurocytogenesis, synaptic plasticity and neurodegeneration within the framework of brain health and disease.Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT) for providing fellowships to S. Monteiro (SFRH/BD/69311/2010) and S. Roque (SFRH/BPD/72710/2011). Work by the authors was co-funded by Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2 – O Novo Norte), Quadro de Referência Estratégico Nacional (QREN), through the Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER), the “Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2 SR&TD Integrated Program – NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000021), Quadro de Referência Estratégico Nacional (QREN), através do Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER)”, and by national funds from the FCT (PEst-C/SAU/LA0026/2013), and “Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER), através do COMPETE (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-037298)”info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Comparison of strength and proprioception parameters between subjects with and without functional ankle instability

Después del esguince de tobillo, el 40% de los sujetos siguen informando que hay una sensación de inestabilidad articular que se relaciona con la disfunción del musculo-esquelética llamada inestabilidad funcional del tobillo (IFT). Sin embargo, todavía no se conoce el mecanismo que es responsable por esta disfunción musculo-esquelética. En este sentido, el conocimiento de las alteraciones musculo-esqueléticas que ocurren en personas con IFT puede ser un factor importante para planear intervenciones preventivas más eficaces. De esta manera, esta investigación tiene como objetivo comparar el momento de torque (PT) de inversión concéntrica (INV) y eversión (EVE), la razón convencional (EVE/INV) y el reposicionamiento pasivo de las articulaciones en personas con y sin IFT en atletas recreacionales del género femenino. La muestra está compuesta por 22 voluntarios en la franja etaria entre 18 y 25 años, los cuales se dividieron en un grupo control y un grupo con IFT. La evaluación del torque se realizó en un dinamómetro isocinético con cinco contracciones máximas concéntricas con velocidades de 60 y 120 grados.s-1 en un movimiento de INV y EVE y reposicionamiento pasivo de la articulación con ángulo objetivo de 10° y 20° de inversión. Se analizó los datos del PT, de la razón convencional y la media del error absoluta del ángulo objetivo. Para el análisis, se utilizó la prueba t-Student para muestras independientes. Si comparados con las personas control se observó que las personas con IFT presentaron una disminución de la fuerza eversora y también un desequilibrio de la razón muscular, lo que puede aumentar la susceptibilidad de éstos a los esguinces de tobillos.After an ankle sprain 40% of individuals continue to report a sensation of joint instability that is related to musculoskeletal dysfunction called functional ankle instability (FAI). However, a mechanism like this musculoskeletal dysfunction occurs remains unknown. In this sense, the knowledge of musculoskeletal changes that occur in individuals with FAI may be an important factor to plot more effective preventive interventions. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare peak torque (PT) concentric inversion (INV) and eversion (EVE), conventional ratio (EVE/ INV) and passive joint repositioning in individuals with and without FAI in recreational athletes females. The sample consisted of 22 volunteers aged 18-25 years who were divided into control group and the group with FAI. The torque rating was performed on an isokinetic dynamometer with five maximal concentric contractions at speeds of 60 and 120 graus.s-1 in INV and EVE movement and passive joint repositioning to target angle of 10° and 20° of inversion. PT data, conventional ratio and average absolute error of the target angle were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t-test for independent samples. Found that individuals with LFS showed decreased evertor strength compared to control subjects, as well as unbalanced muscle ratio, which may increase the susceptibility of this group to ankle sprains.Após a entorse de tornozelo, 40% dos indivíduos continuam a relatar uma sensação de instabilidade articular que está relacionada à disfunção músculo-esquelética denominada instabilidade funcional do tornozelo (IFT). Contudo, o mecanismo como ocorre esta disfunção músculo-esquelética ainda permanece desconhecido. Nesse sentido, o conhecimento das alterações músculo-esqueléticas que ocorrem em indivíduos com IFT pode ser um fator importante para traçar intervenções preventivas mais efetivas. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o pico de torque (PT) concêntrico de inversão (INV) e eversão (EVE), a razão convencional (EVE/INV) e o reposicionamento articular passivo em indivíduos com e sem IFT em atletas recreacionais do gênero feminino. A amostra foi composta por 22 voluntárias na faixa etária entre 18 e 25 anos que foram divididas em grupo controle e grupo com IFT. A avaliação do torque foi realizada em um dinamômetro isocinético com cinco contrações máximas concêntricas a velocidades de 60 e 120 graus.s-1 no movimento de INV e EVE e reposicionamento articular passivo com ângulo-alvo de 10° e 20° de inversão. Foram analisados os dados de PT, razão convencional e média do erro absoluto do ângulo-alvo. A análise estatística foi feita com o teste t-Student para amostras independentes. Foi encontrado que indivíduos com IFT apresentaram diminuição da força eversora comparados aos indivíduos controle, bem como desequilíbrio da razão muscular, que podem aumentar a predisposição deste grupo a entorses de tornozelos

Persistent Inflammation in the CNS during Chronic EAE Despite Local Absence of IL-17 Production

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an artificially induced demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS) that resembles multiple sclerosis in its clinical, histopathological, and immunological features. Activated Th1 and Th17 cells are thought to be the main immunological players during EAE development. This study was designed to evaluate peripheral and local contribution of IL-17 to acute and chronic EAE stages. C57BL/6 mice were immunized with MOG plus complete Freund's adjuvant followed by pertussis toxin. Mice presented an initial acute phase characterized by accentuated weight loss and high clinical score, followed by a partial recovery when the animals reached normal body weight and smaller clinical scores. Spleen cells stimulated with MOG produced significantly higher levels of IFN-γ during the acute period whereas similar IL-17 levels were produced during both disease stages. CNS-infiltrating cells stimulated with MOG produced similar amounts of IFN-γ but, IL-17 was produced only at the acute phase of EAE. The percentage of Foxp3+ Treg cells, at the spleen and CNS, was elevated during both phases. The degree of inflammation was similar at both disease stages. Partial clinical recovery observed during chronic EAE was associated with no IL-17 production and presence of Foxp3+ Treg cells in the CNS

Diferenças sintomáticas, neuropsicológicas e sociodemográficas entre idosos com doença de alzheimer e idosos com depressão

Envelhecer tende a envolver problemas como a depressão e perdas cognitivas. É nesta fase tardia da vida que o idoso pode adquirir a noção de incapacidade e limitação (Aalten et al., 2008; Fontaine, 2000; Marchand, 2001; Rosenberg et al., 2010; Rosness Barca y Engedal, 2010), noção que pode ser maior com as sucessivas alterações causadas pela demência (Rasking, 1998), e que pode implicar um risco acrescido de desenvolver depressão (Beck, Rush, Shaw e Emery, 1997; Davim, Torres, Dantas e Lima, 2004; Stella, Gobbi, Corazza e Costa, 2002). Os próprios episódios depressivos são vistos como fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento posterior do processo demencial (Rasking, 1998). A depressão leva provisoriamente a uma alteração das funções cognitivas, dificultando o diagnóstico diferencial entre depressão e demência (Fleck et al., 2002). Estudos desenvolvidos nesta área concluíram que 50% dos indivíduos com depressão evoluíram para um quadro demencial (Rasking, 1998) e que a relação existente entre demência e depressão era recíproca e pronunciava-se de diferentes formas (Stoppe, 1997). Resumindo, o diagnóstico diferencial entre depressão e demência é complicado pelo défice cognitivo presente na depressão e pelos sintomas depressivos comuns na demência. Assim, a diferenciação sintomática reveste-se de grande importância nesta distinção (Aalten et al., 2008; Bryant, 2000; Rasking, 1998; Rosness et al., 2010). O objetivo deste estudo consiste em verificar quais as diferenças sintomáticas, neuropsicológicas e sociodemográficas entre a doença de Alzheimer (DA) e a depressão em idosos

Dietary restriction abrogates antibody production induced by a DNA vaccine encoding the mycobacterial 65 kDa heat shock protein

Abstract\ud \ud \ud \ud Background\ud \ud Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) is the most common type of malnutrition. PCM leads to immunodeficiency and consequent increased susceptibility to infectious agents. In addition, responses to prophylactic vaccines depend on nutritional status. This study aims to evaluate the ability of undernourished mice to mount an immune response to a genetic vaccine (pVAXhsp65) against tuberculosis, containing the gene coding for the heat shock protein 65 from mycobacteria.\ud \ud \ud \ud Methods\ud \ud Young adult female BALB/c mice were fed ad libitum or with 80% of the amount of food consumed by a normal diet group. We initially characterized a mice model of dietary restriction by determining body and spleen weights, hematological parameters and histopathological changes in lymphoid organs. The ability of splenic cells to produce IFN-gamma and IL-4 upon in vitro stimulation with LPS or S. aureus and the serum titer of specific IgG1 and IgG2a anti-hsp65 antibodies after intramuscular immunization with pVAXhsp65 was then tested.\ud \ud \ud \ud Results\ud \ud Dietary restriction significantly decreased body and spleen weights and also the total lymphocyte count in blood. This restriction also determined a striking atrophy in lymphoid organs as spleen, thymus and lymphoid tissue associated with the small intestine. Specific antibodies were not detected in mice submitted to dietary restriction whereas the well nourished animals produced significant levels of both, IgG1 and IgG2a anti-hsp65.\ud \ud \ud \ud Conclusion\ud \ud 20% restriction in food intake deeply compromised humoral immunity induced by a genetic vaccine, alerting, therefore, for the relevance of the nutritional condition in vaccination programs based on these kinds of constructs.The present study was supported by a scholarship award to Larissa L. W. Ishikawa by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Brazil.The present study was supported by a scholarship award to Larissa L. W. Ishikawa by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Brazil