Catches in ghost-fishing octopus and fish traps in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean (Algarve, Portugal)

Ghost fishing is the term used to describe the continued capture of fish and other living organisms after a fisherman has lost all control over the gear. Traps may be lost for a variety of reasons including theft, vandalism, abandonment, interactions with other gear, fouling on the bottom (i.e., traps and ropes are caught on rocky substrate), bad weather, and human error (Laist, 1995). Annual trap loss can be as high as 20% to 50% of fished traps in some fisheries (Al-Masroori et al., 2004). Because lost traps can continue to fish for long periods, albeit with decreasing efficiency over time (e.g., Smolowitz, 1978; Breen, 1987, 1990; Guillory, 1993), ghost fishing is a concern in fisheries worldwide

Take advantage of glutamine anaplerosis, the kernel of the metabolic rewiring in malignant gliomas

Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid that plays a key role in the metabolism of proliferating cells including neoplastic cells. In the central nervous system (CNS), glutamine metabolism is particularly relevant, because the glutamine-glutamate cycle is a way of controlling the production of glutamate-derived neurotransmitters by tightly regulating the bioavailability of the amino acids in a neuron-astrocyte metabolic symbiosis-dependent manner. Glutamine-related metabolic adjustments have been reported in several CNS malignancies including malignant gliomas that are considered ‘glutamine addicted’. In these tumors, glutamine becomes an essential amino acid preferentially used in energy and biomass production including glutathione (GSH) generation, which is crucial in oxidative stress control. Therefore, in this review, we will highlight the metabolic remodeling that gliomas undergo, focusing on glutamine metabolism. We will address some therapeutic regimens including novel research attempts to target glutamine metabolism and a brief update of diagnosis strategies that take advantage of this altered profile. A better understanding of malignant glioma cell metabolism will help in the identification of new molecular targets and the design of new therapies.publishersversionpublishe

Metabolic Profiles Point Out Metabolic Pathways Pivotal in Two Glioblastoma (GBM) Cell Lines, U251 and U-87MG

Funding Information: The institutions are funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (FCT/MCTES, Portugal) through national funds to iNOVA4Health (UIDB/04462/2020 and UIDP/04462/2020), to MOSTMICRO-ITQB (UIDB/04612/2020 and UIDP/04612/2020), and the Associated Laboratory LS4FUTURE (LA/P/0087/2020). Filipa Martins was funded by an FCT individual Ph.D. fellowship (2020.04780.BD). Luis G. Gonçalves was financed by a FCT contract according to DL57/2016, (SFRH/BPD/111100/2015). This work benefited from access to CERMAX, ITQB-NOVA, Oeiras, Portugal with equipment funded by FCT, project AAC 01/SAICT/2016. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal central nervous system (CNS) tumor, mainly due to its high heterogeneity, invasiveness, and proliferation rate. These tumors remain a therapeutic challenge, and there are still some gaps in the GBM biology literature. Despite the significant amount of knowledge produced by research on cancer metabolism, its implementation in cancer treatment has been limited. In this study, we explored transcriptomics data from the TCGA database to provide new insights for future definition of metabolism-related patterns useful for clinical applications. Moreover, we investigated the impact of key metabolites (glucose, lactate, glutamine, and glutamate) in the gene expression and metabolic profile of two GBM cell lines, U251 and U-87MG, together with the impact of these organic compounds on malignancy cell features. GBM cell lines were able to adapt to the exposure to each tested organic compound. Both cell lines fulfilled glycolysis in the presence of glucose and were able to produce and consume lactate. Glutamine dependency was also highlighted, and glutamine and glutamate availability favored biosynthesis observed by the increase in the expression of genes involved in fatty acid (FA) synthesis. These findings are relevant and point out metabolic pathways to be targeted in GBM and also reinforce that patients’ metabolic profiling can be useful in terms of personalized medicine.publishersversionpublishe

Extending the Synoptics of Things (SoT) Framework to Manage ISoS Technology Landscapes

Managing and monitoring the software and hardware artifacts of an industrial organization are fundamental efforts that can often be challenging endeavors to achieve, especially when such technological landscapes are composed of multiple heterogeneous systems. Usually, Internet of Things (IoT) devices are provided by different suppliers and may use different protocols and interfaces. Thus, the integration of these devices results in complex development and maintenance cycles. The Synoptics of Things (SoT) framework can address these problems, in conjunction with the Informatics System of Systems (ISoS) platform by promoting an open market competitive tech nology landscape for organizations. The purpose of the research presented in this paper was to extend the SoT framework in order to manage and monitor the different elements of an ISoS enabled organization, namely the ISystems (Informatics Systems), CES (Cooperation Enabled Services), and Services. We argue that the SoT framework can be essential in a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system in today’s modern web, by adopting the concept of Web Components as a standard to enable the development of custom and reusable components. We present and discuss such issues in the context of the HORUS system, an informatic system responsible for payment enforcement in fueling stations. In this system, several devices must work in coordination, such as video cameras and video recorders, which are fundamental for the retrieving of license plate images and, therefore, be continually monitored to ensure the correct functioning of the HORUS system.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

New Halogenated Phenylbacteriochlorins and Their Efficiency in Singlet-Oxygen Sensitization

Halogenated phenylbacteriochlorins are synthesized with high yields in a two-step procedure. They have strong absorbances in the red and are very stable to air and light at room temperature. Flash photolysis measurements show that the triplet states of these bacteriochlorins have 30 μs lifetimes in deaerated toluene, that are quenched with diffusion-controlled rate constants by molecular oxygen. Time-resolved photoacoustic measurements, with nanosecond and nanocalorie resolution, show that these bacteriochlorins sensitize the formation of singlet oxygen with nearly unity quantum yield. However, singlet-oxygen phosphorescence measurements indicate that physical quenching occurs before the singlet-oxygen molecules diffuse into solution, and nearly half of the sensitized singlet states are lost

Lean and Ergonomics decision support tool assessment in a plastic packaging company

30th International Conference on Flexible Automation and Intelligent Manufacturing (FAIM2021) 15-18 June 2021, Athens, GreeceThis paper intends to apply and improve a workstation assessment tool called ErgoSafeCI. Lean manufacturing methods and guidelines, together with safety and ergonomics aspects, were thoroughly researched with the ultimate objective of finding a way to improve the workplace by considering the efficiency and well-being of workers. The assessment tool was applied in the plastics packaging sector, in a process which relied on both practical and theoretical ideas. This tool originates in the notion that for a successful Lean implementation, managers should start the Lean process with a Lean assessment which is then repeated on a regular basis. In addition, it is also important to integrate ergonomic conditions in this journey because ergonomic risks can sometimes result in Lean wastes and vice versa, so workplace ergonomics and Lean manufacturing are to a great extent inter-related. This tool aids practitioners in the assessment of the implementation of Lean principles and safety matters in their processes.We acknowledge the financial support of CIDEM, R&D unit funded by the FCT – Portuguese Foundation for the Development of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education, under the Project UID/EMS/0615/2016.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

NMR-metabolomics shows that bola is an important modulator of Salmonella typhimurium metabolic processes under virulence conditions

BolA is a ubiquitous global transcription factor. Despite its clear role in the induction of important stress‐resistant physiological changes and its recent implication in the virulence of Salmonella, further research is required to shed light on the pathways modulated by BolA. In this study, we resorted to untargeted1H‐NMR metabolomics to understand the impact of BolA on the metabolic profile of Salmonella Typhimurium, under virulence conditions. Three strains of S. Typhimurium SL1344 were studied: An SL1344 strain transformed with an empty plasmid (control), a bolA knockout mutant (ΔbolA), and a strain overexpressing bolA (bolA+). These strains were grown in a minimal virulence‐inducing medium and cells were collected at the end of the exponential and stationary phases. The extracts were analyzed by NMR, and multivariate and univariate statistical analysis were performed to identify significant alterations. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) of1H‐NMR data allowed the discrimination between the metabolic profiles of these strains, revealing increased levels of acetate, valine, alanine, NAD+, succinate, coenzyme A, glutathione, and putrescine in bolA+. These results indicate that BolA regulates pathways related to stress resistance and virulence, being an important modulator of the metabolic processes needed for S. Typhimurium infection.publishersversionpublishe

A Metabolic Signature to Monitor Endothelial Cell Differentiation, Activation, and Vascular Organization

Funding: The institutions are funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (FCT/MCTES, Portugal) through national funds to iNOVA4Health (UIDB/04462/2020 and UIDP/04462/2020), MOSTMICRO-ITQB (UIDB/04612/2020 and UIDP/04612/2020), and the Associated Laboratory LS4FUTURE (LA/P/0087/2020). Filipa Lopes-Coelho’s fellowship was funded by FCT (PD/BD/128337/2017). Luis G. Gonçalves was financed by an FCT contract according to DL57/2016 (SFRH/BPD/111100/2015). This work benefited from access to CERMAX, ITQB NOVA, Oeiras, Portugal, with equipment funded by FCT, project AAC 01/SAICT/2016.The formation of new blood vessels is an important step in the morphogenesis and organization of tissues and organs; hence, the success of regenerative medicine procedures is highly dependent on angiogenesis control. Despite the biotechnological advances, tissue engineering is still a challenge. Regarding vascular network formation, the regulators are well known, yet the identification of markers is pivotal in order to improve the monitoring of the differentiation and proliferation of endothelial cells, as well as the establishment of a vascular network supporting tissue viability for an efficacious implantation. The metabolic profile accompanies the physiological stages of cells involved in angiogenesis, being a fruitful hub of biomarkers, whose levels can be easily retrieved. Through NMR spectroscopy, we identified branched amino acids, acetate, and formate as central biomarkers of monocyte-to-endothelial-cell differentiation and endothelial cell proliferation. This study reinforces the successful differentiation process of monocytes into endothelial cells, allowing self-to-self transplantation of patient-derived vascular networks, which is an important step in tissue engineering, since monocytes are easily isolated and autologous transplantation reduces the immune rejection events.publishersversionpublishe

INFEÇÃO DE PRÓTESES VASCULARES — AINDA UMA ENTIDADE A TEMER?

Introdução: A evolução na técnica de assepsia e antibioterapia profilática tem mantido a incidência de infeção de próteses vasculares (IPV) baixa. No entanto, uma proporção de doentes ainda se encontra suscetível a uma patologia que coloca em risco a função do enxerto e do órgão-alvo perfundido, enquanto ameaça com complicações sépticas a vida de cada um dos afetados. A abordagem das IPV depende da manifestação da infeção e do microrganismo em questão, da topografia da prótese infetada e do estado geral do doente. Desde explantação total da prótese até antibioterapia prolongada são várias as estratégias terapêuticas, cabendo ao cirurgião avaliar qual contribuirá para uma evolução natural mais favorável para o doente. Com este trabalho, os autores propõem-se a caracterizar clinicamente a população de doentes com IPV, no seu centro hospitalar. Métodos: Usando o sistema informático hospitalar, foram colhidas as cartas de alta relativas ao Serviço de Cirurgia Vascular, entre os anos 2000–2018, com as palavras-chave “infeção” e “prótese”. Foram excluídos todas as infeções não relacionadas, infeções de próteses para acessos de diálise e os doentes cujos processos não tinham informação relativamente ao procedimento de implantação do enxerto. Resultados: Foram incluídos 47 processos de doentes entre os 46 e 84 anos (média 69 anos), 89% do sexo masculino. Apenas 15% eram diabéticos e apenas 2 doentes se encontravam sob imunossupressão. Cerca de 51% das próteses infetadas foram de enxertos aorto-bifemorais e os restantes relativos a procedimentos periféricos. Na casuística verificada, 13 das próteses infetadas foram colocadas em regime de urgência. As infeções tardias (>4 meses) assumem a maioria dos casos (70%). Os agentes gram-positivos foram os agentes mais frequentemente observados (50% dos quais o MRSA). A apresentação mais comum foi o aparecimento de falsos aneurismas anastomóticos e apenas 25% das próteses infetadas se encontravam ocluídas. A antibioterapia mais usada foram combinações incluindo Vancomicina, com duração entre as 1 e as 12 semanas. Em 85% dos doentes foi removido o enxerto. Destes, 57% foram revascularizados. O follow up foi heterogéneo com uma média de 26,5 meses. Como outcome, de referir 20% dos doentes submetidos a amputação major, 18% com mortalidade atribuída a IPV e 29% com mortalidade global não relacionada. Discussão: As IPV continuam a ser uma patologia desafiante, não só pelas consequências sépticas ou da isquemia de órgão-alvo, mas também pelo enquadramento dos doentes que são afetados. A crescente prevalência de agentes multirresistentes numa população cada vez mais envelhecida gera a necessidade de abordar esta patologia de uma forma multidisciplinar. A incidência IPV envolvendo a Aorta, e a exigência técnica de uma cirurgia major com impacto hemodinâmico, particularmente em infeções por agentes de reduzida virulência, pode obrigar a adequar as estratégias terapêuticas em doentes que não sejam aptos para cirurgia. No entanto, um tratamento conservador geralmente está associado a recorrência da infeção ou a possíveis complicações de uma infeção latente. Conclusão: É necessária uma abordagem multidisciplinar, com diagnóstico sensível e precoce, e um equilíbrio entre o local e agressividade da infeção ao contexto clínico de cada doente de forma a otimizar os resultados

Big Data and Traffic Data Analysis: Urban Traffic Forecasting and Management

The paper reviews different methodologies and technologies used in urban traffic management and analysis systems based on Big Data. Several techniques are discussed, such as the installation of sensors, IoT devices and surveillance cameras for data collection, the use of machine learning algorithms and technologies for vehicle identification and classification, the use of Map Reduce techniques for data processing, and the communication between several social network applications to obtain real-time data about the location and movement of users. In addition, models based on neural networks and algorithms such as ABC are proposed for signal change prediction and traffic flow management. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach and how they can be applied to improve urban traffic management and reduce vehicle pollution are highlighted