CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DE MÉIS PRODUZIDOS NO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO DO SUL, BRASIL

O trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de caracterizar, através de análises físico-químicas, nove amostras de méis oriundas de apiários localizados nos municípios de Cassilândia, Aquidauana e Campo Grande, MS. As amostras foram levadas ao laboratório de análises de alimento da UFMS para determinação dos índices de umidade, sólidos solúveis, cinzas, sólidos insolúveis, reação de Fiehe e reação de Lund, conforme as normas analíticas do Instituto Adolfo Lutz. Todas as amostras foram analisadas em triplicata. Para a umidade foram obtidos valores de 18,6% a 23%. Para os sólidos solúveis foram obtidos valores de 75º a 80 ºBrix. Cinzas apresentaram valores de 0,06% a 0,55%. Sólidos insolúveis variaram de 0,002 a 0,05%. Para a reação de Fiehe apenas uma amostra apresentou resultado negativo e para a reação de Lund os valores obtidos para o precipitado proteico variaram de 0,4 a 1,3 mL. Algumas amostras excederam o permitido para a umidade, reação de Fiehe e reação de Lund, embora esses dois últimos parâmetros não sejam considerados como essenciais na determinação da qualidade do mel. Os resultados apresentados neste estudo apontam que algumas amostras demonstram baixa qualidade sendo impróprias ao consumo humano

Dissertações

Dissertações de mestrado apresentadas na área das Ciências da Educaçã

The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability

Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) ≈500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) wide-spread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism. The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection. There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications

CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DE MÉIS PRODUZIDOS NO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO DO SUL, BRASIL

O trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de caracterizar, através de análises físico-químicas, nove amostras de méis oriundas de apiários localizados nos municípios de Cassilândia, Aquidauana e Campo Grande, MS. As amostras foram levadas ao laboratório de análises de alimento da UFMS para determinação dos índices de umidade, sólidos solúveis, cinzas, sólidos insolúveis, reação de Fiehe e reação de Lund, conforme as normas analíticas do Instituto Adolfo Lutz. Todas as amostras foram analisadas em triplicata. Para a umidade foram obtidos valores de 18,6% a 23%. Para os sólidos solúveis foram obtidos valores de 75º a 80 ºBrix. Cinzas apresentaram valores de 0,06% a 0,55%. Sólidos insolúveis variaram de 0,002 a 0,05%. Para a reação de Fiehe apenas uma amostra apresentou resultado negativo e para a reação de Lund os valores obtidos para o precipitado proteico variaram de 0,4 a 1,3 mL. Algumas amostras excederam o permitido para a umidade, reação de Fiehe e reação de Lund, embora esses dois últimos parâmetros não sejam considerados como essenciais na determinação da qualidade do mel. Os resultados apresentados neste estudo apontam que algumas amostras demonstram baixa qualidade sendo impróprias ao consumo humano

Phenolic compounds from Sidastrum micranthum (A. St.-Hil.) fryxell and evaluation of acacetin and 7,4'-Di-O-methylisoscutellarein as motulator of bacterial drug resistence

From the aerial parts of Sidastrum micranthum (A. St.-Hil.) Fryxell (Malvaceae) were isolated m-methoxy-p-hydroxy-benzaldehyde, o-hydroxy-benzoic acid, acacetin, quercetin, 7,4′-Di-O-methylisoscutellarein, genkwanin and tiliroside. These compounds were identified by data analyses of spectroscopic methods. Although acacetin and 7,4′-Di-O-methylisoscutellarein did not display relevant antibacterial activity (MIC = 256 µg/mL), they modulated the activity of antibiotics, i.e. in combination with antibiotics at 64 µg/mL (¼ MIC), a two-fold reduction in the MIC was observed for norfloxacin and ethidium bromide; regarding tetracycline and erythromycin a two-fold reduction in the MIC was observed only with 7,4′-Di-O-methylisoscutellarein

In vitro fermentation characteristics of ruminant diets using ethanol extract of brown propolis as a nutritional additive

The addition of levels of ethanol extract of brown propolis was evaluated by assessing diet degradation in rumen fluid and predicting cumulative in vitro gas production by nonlinear (dual pool logistic and exponential) models. A total of 35 g of crude propolis were extracted in 65 mL of cereal alcohol (95% ethanol). In a completely randomized factorial design, the experimental diets combined four concentrations of extracted propolis diluted in cereal alcohol (0, 50, 70, and 100% of propolis extract) and supplementation doses (4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 mL/kg dry matter), tested in triplicate. Diet (400 g/kg Tifton hay and 600 g/kg concentrate) was incubated for 96 h carried out three times in three different weeks. There was significant interaction between extract concentration and dose on the dry matter (DM) degradability. Dry matter degradability of diet decreased exponentially as a function of the increase in dose (y = 678.55×dose–0.271). Pure alcohol treatment showed a negative exponential effect, with degradability of 303.61 g/kg when administered at a dose of 20 mL/kg DM. Treatment 100% ethanol extract reached the greatest degradability, estimated at 18.93 mL/kg DM. The treatment with 70% extract showed 6.35 mL/kg DM and the 50% extract, 7.65 mL/kg DM of minimum degradability. The reduction potential of pure ethanol was –0.32 mL gas/mL. Estimates of maximum gas production by dual pool logistic and exponential models were 13.10 mL and 12.07 mL for 100% extract, respectively. The 100% extract produced the highest gas production estimates, above 30 mL gas/100 mg DM of fermented diet. The degradation and fermentation of ruminant diet can be improved using 13 mL/DM kg of ethanol extract of propolis

Dissertações

Dissertações de mestrado apresentadas na área das Ciências da Educaçã

In vitro fermentation characteristics of ruminant diets using ethanol extract of brown propolis as a nutritional additive

ABSTRACT The addition of levels of ethanol extract of brown propolis was evaluated by assessing diet degradation in rumen fluid and predicting cumulative in vitro gas production by nonlinear (dual pool logistic and exponential) models. A total of 35 g of crude propolis were extracted in 65 mL of cereal alcohol (95% ethanol). In a completely randomized factorial design, the experimental diets combined four concentrations of extracted propolis diluted in cereal alcohol (0, 50, 70, and 100% of propolis extract) and supplementation doses (4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 mL/kg dry matter), tested in triplicate. Diet (400 g/kg Tifton hay and 600 g/kg concentrate) was incubated for 96 h carried out three times in three different weeks. There was significant interaction between extract concentration and dose on the dry matter (DM) degradability. Dry matter degradability of diet decreased exponentially as a function of the increase in dose (y = 678.55×dose–0.271). Pure alcohol treatment showed a negative exponential effect, with degradability of 303.61 g/kg when administered at a dose of 20 mL/kg DM. Treatment 100% ethanol extract reached the greatest degradability, estimated at 18.93 mL/kg DM. The treatment with 70% extract showed 6.35 mL/kg DM and the 50% extract, 7.65 mL/kg DM of minimum degradability. The reduction potential of pure ethanol was –0.32 mL gas/mL. Estimates of maximum gas production by dual pool logistic and exponential models were 13.10 mL and 12.07 mL for 100% extract, respectively. The 100% extract produced the highest gas production estimates, above 30 mL gas/100 mg DM of fermented diet. The degradation and fermentation of ruminant diet can be improved using 13 mL/DM kg of ethanol extract of propolis

Characterization of novel Brazilian Bacillus thuringiensis strains active against Spodoptera frugiperda and other insect pests

Abstract: Brazilian strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, namely S701, S764 and S1265 were analysed regarding their cry gene and protein contents, crystal type, and activity against larvae of the lepidopteran fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda Smith), the velvet caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis), the dipterans (Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti) and the coleopteran (Tenebrio molitor). The LC50 of the strains against second instar larvae of S. frugiperda or A. gemmatalis revealed a high potency against those insect species. The spore–crystal mixtures of the isolates were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and showed similar protein pattern as the B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain HD-1 (proteins approximately 130 and 65 kDa) for isolates S701 and S764, respectively, and only one major protein of approximately 130 kDa for isolate S1265. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using total DNA of the isolates and general and specific primers showed the presence of cry1Aa, cry1Ac, cry1Ia and cry2Ab genes in the two isolates serotyped as B. thuringiensis kurstaki (S701 and S764) and the presence of cry1D and cry2Ad in B. thuringiensis morrisoni S1265 strain. Scanning electron microscopy of strains S701 and S764, showed the presence of bipyramidal, cuboidal and round crystals, like in strain HD-1 and bipyramidal and round crystals like in strain S1265