Modificação de quitosana com Poli(Succinato de Butileno) via polimerização interfacial / Modification of Chitosan with Poly(Butylene Succinate) via interfacial polymerization

Este estudo tem como objetivo geral a modificação do biopolímero quitosana com o poli(succinato de butileno) (PBS) para obtenção de um copolímero quitosana-PBS, que permitirá seu uso como sistema de liberação do fármaco. Atualmente, dentre as novas técnicas pesquisadas destaca-se o uso de polímeros para liberação controlada de fármacos. Entre estes polímeros a quitosana e o poli(succinato de butileno) vêm ganhando destaque em aplicações biomédicas. A quitosana e o PBS são polímeros de grande destaque na área biomédica/farmacêutica devido às suas propriedades, tais como, biodegradabilidade, biocompatibilidade, atoxicidade e mucoadesividade. A combinação dos polímeros tende a melhorar suas propriedades individuais. O presente trabalho apresenta a metodologia usada para a modificação da quitosana com o PBS. As amostras obtidas foram caracterizadas por Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier, Análise Termogravimétrica, Difração de Raios X, entre outras. Os resultados obtidos permitiram provar a obtenção do copolímero e avaliar algumas de suas propriedades, tais como seu grau de cristalinidade e sua temperatura de degradação. O estudo realizado produziu um copolímero com propriedades diferenciadas, como por exemplo o  aumento da cristalinidade do material e maior temperatura de transição vítrea. O material obtido pode ser aplicado em diversas áreas de estudos, tais como liberação controlada de ativos.

Apresentação

Introduction to Mulemba 19,Introducción a Mulemba 19.Apresentação à MUlemba 19

Chemometric approaches to evaluate the substitution of synthetic food dyes by natural compounds: The case of nanoencapsulated curcumin, spirulina, and hibiscus extracts

Finding natural food coloring options from plant-based sources to substitute artificial dyes is a challenging task because natural dyes often present low water-solubility, not very vibrant hues, and instability due to interactions with food ingredients. Chemometric approaches can be used to evaluate color differences and patterns resulting from natural and synthetic dyes when applied to food systems. Here, the Mixture Design and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were applied to evaluate the substitution of the following artificial food dyes: yolk yellow, apricot yellow, strawberry red, and tartrazine by natural dyes (water-soluble curcumin, yellow shade; Hibiscus sabdariffa extract, red shade; Spirulina platensis extract, blue/green shade), in three food simulated systems (phosphate buffer, pH 6.9; yogurt, pH 4.0 and citrate buffer, pH 3.0). The color parameters L*, a*, b*, C* and °h were determined and color difference (ΔE*) with artificial dyes resulted in 11 empirical models. PCA yielded a clear map for the identification of the closely matches natural/artificial dyes for the food simulated systems in three subregions. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity of the natural dyes was determined by OxHLIA and TBARS. It was possible to make an assessment guide that may be useful for other food systems and dyes.Authors thank to CNPq (Chamada Universal– MCTI/CNPq Nº 28/2018, Process 421541/2018–0) and Fundação Araucária (convênio 039/2019) for the financial support. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. Authors thank to Central Analítica Multiusuário da UTFPR Campo Mourão (CAMulti-CM) by the color analysis. Authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES to the CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020). L. Barros and C. Pereira thank the national funding by FCT, P.I., through the institutional scientific employment program-contract for their contracts.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Aprendizagens em contexto simulado: Saúde Mental/ Saúde Sexual e Reprodutiva/ Criança e Jovem: volume V

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Biosafity in dentistry: literature review / Biossegurança em odontologia: revisão de literatura

Some infections are directly linked to dental practice, in which dental surgeons are exposed to a wide variety of microorganisms present in patients' oral and body fluids. Biosafety is a multidisciplinary science that emphasizes actions to prevent, reduce or eliminate risks inherent to the activity. The purpose of this literature review is to identify the main forms of transmission of infectious diseases, locate common errors regarding the set of conducts and technical measures employed by dental professionals, describing the complications resulting from failures in the protection mechanisms as well as demonstrating the evolution of biosafety in the last twenty years and its relation to the clinical-dental scope. To carry out this study, 19 scientific articles published between 1999 and 2019 were searched, with the descriptors: Contamination of biological risks; Dentistry; Communicable diseases. Articles in Portuguese and English were filtered in the GOOGLE ACADÊMICO, SCIELO, BIREME, LILACS databases. The results demonstrate the importance of the dentist's knowledge of the risk of cross-contamination, in addition to compliance with biosafety standards in public and private institutions

Social networks in health care for hypertensive elderly people

Background: Social Networks are characterized by their dynamism and continuous exchange of information, being fundamental to face acute or chronic health conditions and their related problems. It is therefore believed that elderly hypertensive people are inserted in social networks formed through interactions that help them face chronic disease and that such structures include diverse aspects that affect the care processes that are directly related to the perceptions of these patients on hypertension and its treatment.   Aim: To disclose social networks used by elderly hypertensive patients created through the health care offered by health professionals and/or relatives. Method: descriptive cross sectional study with a qualitative approach developed in two basic care urban units of a Northeastern Brazil municipality during February and March, 2016. The sample was composed of 26 elderly patients of both sexes registered in the selected units. Data collection took place through a semi-structured interview carried out at the patients’ domiciles. Data was processed through the Iramuteq software and analyzed through the Descending Hierarchical Classification (DHC). Results: results were introduced in two axes: Axe 1: hypertension implications in the life of the elderly according to the following classification: Class 5: pharmacological treatment and side effects; Class 4: hypertension signs and symptoms; Axe 2: hypertension-based links formed with the different classes; Class 2: links that strengthen care; Class 1: pharmacological treatment and side effects; Class 3: professionals who promote hypertensive elderly patients’ care.    Conclusion: interactions developed by hypertensive elderly patients reveal the key role that pharmacological treatment plays in the construction of social networks, negatively affecting the elderly perceptions on the right therapy and highlighting health professionals that promote health care

Nutritional profile of newborns with microcephaly and factors associated with worse outcomes

OBJECTIVE: To describe the nutritional profile of newborns with microcephaly and factors associated with worse outcomes during the first 14 days of life. METHODS: This investigation is a longitudinal, descriptive study carried out in 21 full-term neonates exposed vertically to the Zika virus and hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit from February to September 2016. Patients receiving parenteral nutrition were excluded. Data analysis was performed using a generalized estimating equation model and Student’s t-test to evaluate the association between worsening weight-for-age z-scores and independent clinical, sociodemographic and nutritional variables during hospitalization, with po0.05 indicating significance. RESULTS: During hospitalization, there was a decrease in the mean values of the weight-for-age z-scores. The factors associated with worse nutritional outcomes were symptomatic exposure to the Zika virus, low maternal schooling, absence of maternal income and consumption of infant formula (po0.05). Calcification and severe microcephaly were also associated with poor nutritional outcomes. Energy and macronutrient consumption remained below the recommendations and had an upward trend during hospitalization. CONCLUSION: The presence of cerebral calcification, the severity of microcephaly and symptomatic maternal exposure to Zika virus affected the nutritional status of newborns. In terms of nutritional factors, human milk intake had a positive impact, reducing weight loss in the first days of life. Other known factors, such as income and maternal schooling, were still associated with a poor nutritional status