Clinical and histopathological study of the oral multifocal melanoacanthoma : a case report

Melanoacanthoma is a blackened mucocutaneous lesion, mainly affecting individuals with dark skin and exhibiting rapid development. Differential diagnosis includes nevus, amalgam tattoo and melanoma. This article reports a case of a 53-year-old white woman, who exhibited multiple blackened lesions on the gingiva and upper lip. After incisional biopsy, the presence of numerous melanin-containing dendritic cells distributed throughout the epithelial thickness, which were S-100 (+), were observed microscopically. Final diagnosis was multifocal oral melanoacanthoma. Follow-up for 28 months has shown appearing of more lesions in gingiva and upper lip. Therefore, the importance of differential diagnosis of oral melanoma with the group of oral pigmented lesions, and possible associated systemic diseases were evaluated

Oral health related quality of life and determinant factors in patients with head and neck cancer

The present study aimed to measure the impact of oral health on the quality of life of patients with head and neck cancer. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 130 patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer at two medical centers. Participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Oral Health Impact Profile - 14 (OHIP-14). Clinical aspects, cancer staging, and treatment approach were also investigated. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric tests were used for statistical analysis, followed by Poisson regression analysis (with robust error variance), to associate the OHIP-14 scores with independent variables. The OHIP-14 presented good internal consistency (Cronbach?s Alpha = 0.861). The mean score obtained was 19.52 (±11.79). Physical pain (3.70±2.44), physical disability (3.26±2.62) and functional limitation (3.24±2.45) were ranked as the main factors affecting the quality of life. Patients non-Caucasians (PR = 1.30; IC 95% = 1.07-1.58; p = 0.009), widowers (PR = 1.36; IC 95% = 1.13-1.64; p = 0.001), diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (PR = 1.28; IC 95% = 1.05-1.58; p = 0.017) and with temporomandibular pain (PR = 1.31; IC 95% = 1.08-1.60; p = 0.007) were more likely to exhibit lower rates of quality of life. The results showed a high impact of the oral health in the quality of life of patients with head and neck cancer was observed. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics can exert influence on the quality of life of patients with head and neck cancer

Antibacterial Effect of Photodynamic Therapy on Root Canal Disinfection Combined with Different Irrigation Protocols

Introduction: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging alternative therapy to conventional endodontic treatment to optimize bacterial elimination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial effect of PDT combined with different irrigation protocols on root canals inoculated with Enterococcus (E.) faecalis. Methods and Materials: Ninety uni-radicular human premolars were prepared and contaminated with E. faecalis for 4 days. Teeth were randomly divided into six groups: positive control group (C+) consisted of conventional needle irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); negative control group (C-) consisted of no treatment after contamination; PDT group as treated with 0.005% methylene blue and diode laser irradiation for 90 sec at wavelength of 660 nm, energy of 9 Joules, power of 100 mW; the fourth group consisted of  NaOCl+PDT, the fifth group were treated with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) with NaOCl+PDT (PUI+PDT); and the final group were treated with XP Endo Finisher with NaOCl+PDT (XP Endo+PDT). The contents of the root canals were collected with sterile absorbent paper points at two times: before and 24 h after decontamination protocols. The number of colony-forming units (CFU) was determined for each root canal. ANOVA and the Tukey test were used, with significance set at 5% (P<0.05). Results: The inhibition percentage ranged from 10.72 (C-) to 100% (XP Endo+PDT), with CFU/mL counts differing among all protocols tested (P<0.05). The different protocols significantly influenced bacterial inhibition (P<0.05). However, the XP Endo+PDT protocol resulted in the highest inhibition percentage (100%), followed by NaOCl+PDT (65.85%). Conclusions: PDT combined with different final irrigation protocols was more effective in inhibiting E. faecalis growth than photodynamic therapy alone. XP Endo was the best irrigation protocol to eradicate this microorganism.Keywords: Biofilm; Endodontics; Enterococcus faecalis; Photodynamic Therap

Unusual epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma in palate: case report and immunohistochemical study

Ephitelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is a neoplasm of salivary gland extremely rare and low-grade malig- nant, exhibiting predilection for major salivary gland, especially parotid gland. This paper described a case of EMC localized in soft palate. The initial clinical diagnosis were mucoepidermoid and adenoid cystic carcinoma. A incisional biopsy was performed, and the histological diagnosis was adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified. The patient underwent excisional biopsy, where was realized immunohistochemical analysis, staining the duct-like structures, where the inner layer of epithelial cells positively for CK 14, whereas outer layer of myoepithelial cells stained positively for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and vimentin antibodies. Based on these findings, the final histological diagnosis was EMC. The patient was submitted 30 sessions of radiotherapy, and she is being follow-up about 2 years without evidence recurrences

The use of high and low power lasers in the treatment of mucocele in lip: a case report

Mucocele is an inflammatory lesion of the common salivary gland in the oral cavity, generated by the accumulation of saliva, from the rupture of the minor salivary gland duct. The objective of this report was to describe a case of extravasation phenomena treated with high-power diode laser in association with photobiomodulation. The patient presented a nodular, exophytic lesion on the lower lip, similar in color to the mucosa, measuring 2 cm in diameter. Excisional biopsy was performed with high-power diode laser. Immediately after surgery and weekly thereafter, photobiomulation was performed with lower-power diode. After one-month, total repair of the surgical wound was observed, with minimal scarring, without lesion recurrence during 14 months of follow-up. Therefore, the treatment protocol used proved to be an effective, safe and fast alternative, bringing greater comfort to both professional and patient during the trans and postoperative periods.Mucocele is an inflammatory lesion of the common salivary gland in the oral cavity, generated by the accumulation of saliva, from the rupture of the minor salivary gland duct. The objective of this report was to describe a case of extravasation phenomena treated with high-power diode laser in association with photobiomodulation. The patient presented a nodular, exophytic lesion on the lower lip, similar in color to the mucosa, measuring 2 cm in diameter. Excisional biopsy was performed with high-power diode laser. Immediately after surgery and weekly thereafter, photobiomulation was performed with lower-power diode. After one-month, total repair of the surgical wound was observed, with minimal scarring, without lesion recurrence during 14 months of follow-up. Therefore, the treatment protocol used proved to be an effective, safe and fast alternative, bringing greater comfort to both professional and patient during the trans and postoperative periods

Evaluation of oral health status and quality of life of head and neck cancer patients after radiation therapy

Introduction. Neoplasm of the head and neck can be treated surgically, by radiation, chemotherapy, or using combination of these methods. In contrast to surgical and radiation treatment which mostly have a local effect, chemotherapy in addition to local have also a systemic effect. Both XRT in oral region and chemotherapy can affect oral health. The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status and quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer after receiving radiation therapy. Material and Methods. Quantitative, analytical and cross-sectional research methods along with the application of UW-QOL questionnaire version 4, were used. Seventy one patients of the outpatient facilities at two cancer hospitals in the state of Paraнba, Brazil, were included in the study. Oral health status was evaluated using the Lockhart and Clark criteria. Linear Poisson and Logistic Regression tests were applied to assess associations between the variables using a significance level of 5%. Results. Of the total number of patients, 71.83% were male, the average age was 62 years and 57.74% were non-Caucasian. The group that received dental monitoring and follow-up attained the highest (830.13) Quality of life scores, including: “pain” (93.13) and “taste” (83.07). The highest score for oral health in the group that did not receive dental monitoring and follow-up treatment was 4.08 for “oral hygiene”. Conclusion. Dental monitoring and follow-up should begin before radiation therapy, given that both the illness and methods used for the treatment negatively affect patients’ quality of life

Avaliação da exposição aos fatores de risco associados ao câncer oral nos alunos do curso de odontologia da UEPB

Este estudo foi do tipo exploratório descritivo transversal e avaliou o nível de exposição dos alunos do curso de Odontologia da UEPB em relação aos fatores de risco do câncer oral. Foi utilizada uma amostra de 242 alunos do referido curso, que responderam às perguntas propostas em um questionário. Os dados obtidos demonstraram que dos 242 alunos participantes, 129 (53,3%) eram do gênero feminino e 113 (46,6%) do masculino; a faixa etária de 21 a 30 anos de idade foi a mais prevalente, com 175 alunos (72,3%); e a cor branca da pele foi a mais citada pelos participantes (178 - 73,50%). Dentre os fatores de risco, observou-se que 24% da amostra relataram que se expõem à radiação ultravioleta e 23,5% declararam se proteger da exposição referida. O tabagismo foi pouco encontrado entre os alunos (4,9% da amostra), sendo mais freqüente o gênero masculino entre os fumantes (91,67%). O tempo de hábito do tabagismo citado pelos alunos foi de até 5 anos, e o consumo diário ficou em torno de 10 cigarros. O consumo de álcool foi relatado por 146 alunos (60,3%), destacando-se a cerveja como a mais consumida (82,1%). Identificou-se quanto ao histórico de câncer oral em familiares relatados pelos alunos, uma porcentagem pouco representativa (2,89%). Concluiu-se, então, que existe a necessidade de implementação de medidas preventivas, visando à divulgação dos fatores de risco associados ao câncer oral, principalmente entre os alunos do curso de Odontologia, que serão os futuros profissionais responsáveis pela divulgação deste conhecimento para a população

Alterações Estomatológicas em Crianças de Creches Municipais da Cidade de João Pessoa - PB

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a prevalência das alterações estomatológicas (AE), em crianças nutridas e desnutridas, com idades entre 25 e 72 meses, matriculadas em creches municipais da cidade de João Pessoa–PB. A amostra foi composta por 200 crianças, as quais foram examinadas sob fonte de luz artificial (fotóforo). Para avaliação do estado nutricional, utilizou-se o indicador peso/idade (P/I), empregando-se, como padrão de referência, a escala NCHS, sendo as crianças classificadas, conforme o percentil, em desnutridas, em risco, eutróficas e com excesso de peso. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste estatístico do qui-quadrado. Constatou-se que 72% (n= 144) das crianças eram eutróficas; 12,5% (n= 25) estavam em risco; 11% (n= 22), desnutridas e 4,5% (n= 9) com excesso de peso. A prevalência das AE foi 73% (n= 146), afetando 76% (n= 109) dos eutróficos, 59% (n= 13) dos desnutridos, 80% (n= 20) daqueles em risco e 44% (n= 4) dos com excesso de peso, não sendo estas diferenças significativas (p > 0,05). Os grânulos de Fordyce foram as AE mais prevalentes, nas crianças desnutridas (30,8%), eutróficas (46,8%) e com excesso de peso (50%), enquanto naquelas em situação de risco a pigmentação melânica da gengiva inserida foi mais frequente. Conclui-se que os grânulos de Fordyce foram a AE mais elevada e, a desnutrição não influenciou o aparecimento das AE, uma vez que as lesões bucais diagnosticadas consistem em variações da normalidade ou são decorrentes de traumas mecânicos, além de terem sido observadas em todos os grupos de estados nutricionais

Radiographic evaluation of the dental condition of elderly people treated at a Brazilian public university

Aim: To assess the dental status of elderly patients examined in the clinical dentistry course of a Brazilian public university. Methods: An observational and descriptive study based on the analysis of panoramic radiographs. The sample consisted of 60 elderly patients who met the inclusion criteria. Two observers who had been trained in appropriate conditions performed the radiographic analysis. Data were stored in a specific form, recorded in a database and analyzed using descriptive statistics (measures of central tendency and variability) and inferential statistics (Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-square analysis and calculation of the Cramer’s V coefficient). Results: Most patients had at least one tooth in the oral cavity (71.7%), while 28.3% were totally edentulous, an average of 10.5 teeth per individual. The average number of teeth was 11.36 in males and 9.89 in females. The number of healthy teeth was 328 (5.47 per patient). In this study, 88.3% of the subjects had periodontal bone loss, with prevalence of moderate (35.0%) and severe (28.3%) bone loss. Conclusions: Given the high incidence of edentulous individuals, the high number of restored teeth and poor periodontal conditions, it is concluded that the overall oral health status of the evaluated elderly subjects is poor