Efeito agudo da ingestão de concentrado de uva sobre os biomarcadores do estresse oxidativo em triatletas

The aim of this crossover study was to evaluate the effect of a grape concentrate (test drink [TD]) on oxidative stress markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS], catalase [CAT], superoxide dismutase [SOD], and glutathione [GSH]). Six triathletes had their physical fitness, body fat composition (%BF) and food intake evaluated. Afterwards, the athletes received two doses of 300 mL of the TD (45.8g of polyphenols/kg) or a placebo drink (PL), at breakfast and after a training session (100 km of cycling, 6 km of running and 1.5 km of swimming). Blood samples (5 ml) were collected after an overnight fasting, immediately after exercise, and one hour after exercise. The triathletes presented the following characteristics (mean and standard-deviation): 43.8±10.2 years old, VO2máx 45±5.15 mL/kg/min, %BF 13.6±4.2 %, training 270.8±87.1 km/week, 3.1±1.88 hours/training/day. There was a significant increase in SOD from the 1st to the 2nd (p=0.027) and 3rd (p=0.02) blood tests, in response to exercise, regardless of the drink consumed. One hour after exercise, the increase in glutathione values was greater when the PL was consumed (27.5%) in relation to the TD intake (1.8%). In both tests, exercise increased TBARS values; however, when PL was consumed, subjects' values were higher (PL=2.5±1.1 nmol/ml vs. BT=1.77±1.3 nmol/ml). When PL was consumed, mean CAT values (BT=34.2±6.9 U/mgHb vs. PL=24.6±12.5 U/mgHb) reduced from the 1st to the 2nd blood test (28.6%). TBARS, CAT and GSH values suggest that the TD presents potential to modulate exercise-induced oxidative stress.O objetivo deste estudo crossover foi avaliar o efeito de um concentrado de uva (bebida teste - BT) sobre biomarcadores do estresse oxidativo (substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico - TBARS, catalase - CAT, superóxido dismutase - SOD e glutationa - GSH). Seis triatletas do sexo masculino foram avaliados quanto à aptidão física, percentual de gordura (%G) e ingestão alimentar. Posteriormente, em duas ocasiões, os atletas receberam duas doses de 300 ml de BT (45,8g de polifenóis/kg) ou bebida placebo (PL) no desjejum e após uma sessão de treinamento (100 km de ciclismo, 6 km de corrida e 1,5 km de natação). Amostras de sangue (5 ml) foram coletadas em jejum, imediatamente após o exercício e 1h após o mesmo. Caracterização da amostra: idade: 43,8±10,2 anos, VO2máx: 45±5,15 ml/kg/min, %G: 13,6±4,2%, volume de treino: 270,8±87,1 km/semana e 3,1±1,88 horas/treino/dia. Houve aumento significativo da atividade de SOD da 1ª para as 2ª (p=0,027) e 3ª coletas (p=0,02) em resposta ao exercício, independente da bebida consumida. Os valores de GSH foram superiores 1 hora após o exercício quando houve consumo do PL (27,5%) em relação ao consumo da BT (1,8%). Ainda, o exercício elevou as concentrações de TBARS, mas no grupo PL os valores médios foram superiores (PL=2,5±1,2 nmol/ml vs. BT=1,77±1,3 nmol/ml). Em relação à atividade da CAT, os valores médios (BT=34,2±6,9 U/mgHb vs. PL=24,6±12,5 U/mgHb) foram menores quando comparadas 1ª e 2ª coletas (28,6%) para os atletas que consumiram PL. Os resultados referentes à concentração de TBARS, atividade de CAT e níveis de GSH sugerem que a BT modulou o estresse oxidativo induzido pelo exercício.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Ciências do Movimento HumanoUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de PsicobiologiaUNIFESP, Depto. de Ciências do Movimento HumanoUNIFESP, Depto. de BiociênciasUNIFESP, Depto. de PsicobiologiaSciEL

Virtual test bed for maritime safety assessment

“Safe voyage from berth to berth”: This is the goal of all e-Navigation strains driven by new technologies, new infrastructures, and new organizational structures on bridge, on shore, as well as in the cloud. To facilitate these efforts suitable engineering and safety/risk assessment methods are required. Understanding maritime transportation as a sociotechnical system allows the usage of system-engineering methods. Simulation-based test beds for verification and validation (V +V) of e-Navigation technologies are important methods to obtain functional safety and reliability. The modeling and simulation toolset HAGGIS is a cosimulation system for the evaluation of e-Navigation concepts and systems. It provides a maritime traffic simulator and a physical world (n-body) simulator and services for finding rare events of failures. HAGGIS is accompanied by the physical test bed LABSKAUS, which implements a reference port and waterways. This paper describes an integrated and seamless approach for developing new e-Navigation technologies starting with virtual simulation-based safety assessment and ending in physical real-world demonstrations. It gives an overview of the actual test bed and introduces requirements, concepts and elements of HAGGIS and LABSKAUS, which are joined in the e-Maritime Integrated Reference Platform (eMIR) test bed

Survey on ochratoxin A in Brazilian green coffee destined for exports Investigação de ocratoxina A em café verde brasileiro destinado à exportação

The presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in foods has led some countries to establish regulatory limits. Although coffee is not a major source of OTA in human consumption, the European Community (EC) may establish limits in the near future, with possible economic impact on producing countries. This study measured the OTA content with HPLC in 37 samples of Brazilian green coffee exclusive destined to the export market and also verified a possible relation between coffee defects and OTA content. The results showed an OTA concentration ranging from < 0.16ng/g (detection limit) to 6.24ng/g (average of 3.20ng/g) for 37 samples. Of the five samples observed for defects, toxin content of sound beans ranged from 0.22 to 0.80ng/g (average 0.46ng/g) and of defective beans from 0.42 to 17.46 (average 4.52ng/g). Morphological differences among sound and defective beans showed no susceptibility for mould invasion under optical microscopy observation. One black bean depicted the presence of mould and spores on observation under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). According to this investigation, Brazilian green coffee for export complies with most limits in place.<br>A presença de ocratoxina A (OTA) em café, detectada nos últimos anos, tem levado alguns países a estabelecer limites regulatórios. Embora o café não seja uma fonte importante de OTA no consumo humano, a União Européia poderá estabelecer limites, causando impacto econômico em países produtores desses grãos. O presente estudo analisou OTA utilizando CLAE em 37 amostras de café verde brasileiro destinado exclusivamente à exportação e verificou a possível relação entre grãos defeituosos e concentração de OTA. Os resultados mostraram que a concentração de OTA esteve entre < 0,16ng/g (limite de detecção) e 6,24ng/g (média 3,2ng/g). Das cinco amostras avaliadas quanto à relação defeitos X OTA, o nível da toxina esteve entre 0,22 e 0,80ng/g (média 0,46ng/g) entre grãos sadios e 0,42 e 17,46ng/g (média 4,52ng/g) entre grãos defeituosos. Diferenças morfológicas entre grãos sadios e defeituosos observados em Microscopia Ótica não demonstraram susceptibilidade à invasão fúngica entre os defeituosos. Entre os 15 grãos observados em Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), apenas um (preto) revelou presença de fungos e esporos. Os resultados desta investigação apontam que o café verde brasileiro destinado à exportação encontra-se dentro dos limites para OTA já estabelecidos

Grape skin extract mitigates tissue degeneration, genotoxicity, and oxidative status in multiple organs of rats exposed to cadmium

The aim of this study was to investigate whether grape skin extract can mitigate the noxious activities induced by cadmium exposure in multiple organs of rats. For this purpose, histopathological analysis for the liver, genotoxicity, and oxidative status in the blood and liver were investigated in this setting. A total of 20 Wistar rats weighing 250 g, on average, and 8 weeks of age were distributed into four groups (n=5) as follows: control group (nontreated group); cadmium group (Cd); and grape skin extract groups (Cd+GS) at 175 or 350 mg/l. Histopathological analysis in liver showed that animals treated with grape skin extract showed improved tissue degeneration induced by cadmium intoxication. Genetic damage was reduced in blood and hepatocytes as indicated by comet and micronucleus assays in animals treated with grape skin extract. Copper–zinc superoxide dismutase and cytochrome c gene expression increased in groups treated with grape skin extract in liver cells. Grape skin extract also reduced the 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine levels in liver cells compared with the cadmium group. Taken together, our results indicate that grape skin extract can mitigate tissue degeneration, genotoxicity, and oxidative stress induced by cadmium exposure in multiple organs of Wistar ratsConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES))Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biosci, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, UNICAMP, Inst Chem, ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Lab, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biosci, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Novel natural food colourant G8000 benefits LDL- and HDL-cholesterol in humans

The aim of this study was to investigate the phenolic composition of a natural food colourant (G8000 (TM)) as well as its effects on plasma markers after 28-day consumption by healthy individuals at a dietary dose (70 g). Parameters of total cholesterol and its fractions, triglycerides and plasma enzymes biomarkers of muscle injury were measured. Major compounds identified in G8000 (TM) by ESI-MS showed the presence of anthocyanins, organic acids, phenolic acids as well as monosaccharides. HDL levels significantly increased from 43 +/- 10.2 mg/dL to 95 +/- 16.9 mg/dL. LDL levels significantly decreased from 110 +/- 40.9 mg/dL to 69 +/- 39 mg/dL (p0.05) were observed for total cholesterol, triglycerides and VLDL. After the intake, plasma enzyme CK-MB decreased from 20 +/- 12.1 U/L to 10 +/- 1.9 U/L while LDH levels increased from 275 +/- 124.4 U/L to 317 +/- 114.7 U/L (p<0.005). No significant differences were observed for CK levels. Taken together, dietary intake of natural colourant G8000 (TM) was able to exert beneficial effects on atherosclerosis biomarkers.The aim of this study was to investigate the phenolic composition of a natural food colourant (G8000™) as well as its effects on plasma markers after 28-day consumption by healthy individuals at a dietary dose (70 g). Parameters of total cholesterol and i664439444sem informaçãosem informaçãoAll authors contributed significantly to the study design, data collection and analysis, literature review and manuscript preparatio