The Impact of Diabetes on the Percent Change in Salary: With a Comparison of Type I and Type II Diabetes

Using family level, cross sectional data from the PSID 2007 and 2013 survey this study examines the effect of having diabetes on the percent change in salary with a comparison between type I diabetes and type II diabetes. Four Standard OLS regressions were run twice each to obtain the results in the years of 2007 and 2013. One group looked at the total population and the other group looked solely at the diabetic population. The results suggest that salaries are negatively impacted type II diabetes in particular, but that limitations due to diabetes have a more significant effect on the percent change in salary. The results indicated that the presence of type I diabetes compared to type II diabetes cause a 568% increase in salary in 2007. However, the results show that the presence of diabetes itself is insignificant and that the limitations of diabetes impact salary the most

Pharmacist collaborative practice and the development and implementation of team-based care in outpatient healthcare settings: A case study at El Rio Community Health Center

Background: The United States is experiencing a primary care physician shortage that will grow in the next decade as demand for primary care services is projected to increase. The growth in physician, Nurse Practitioner, and Physician Assistant supply alone will not be adequate to meet the demand for primary care services by 2020. Creating pharmacist-inclusive collaborative care teams for outpatient clinical care can help alleviate this health care delivery shortage. Methods: A qualitative mixed-methods case study was conducted in Tucson, Arizona to determine the supports and structures behind the Pharmacy-Based Diabetes Management Program (PBDMP) at El Rio Community Health Center. Using key informant interviews from El Rio, other outpatient clinical pharmacy programs (OCPPs), and the Tucson Accountable Care Organization, coupled with Lean Management brainstorming group sessions, the study elicited information about how the experience of El Rio with the PBDMP can inform nationwide development and implementation guidelines for other OCPPs. Results: The PBDMP at El Rio provides a blueprint for other programs interested in creating an OCPP. Key contributing factors to program success within El Rio and the other OCPPs interviewed included a focus on six key practices. Challenges inhibiting success were pharmacist provider status and reimbursement of clinical services provided. Translation: Three public health practice products were developed as a framework to provide future OCPPs interested in implementing a pharmacist-inclusive practice model: 1) implementation guidelines, 2) a self-assessment outpatient clinical pharmacy program worksheet for clinics looking to create or expand an OCPP, and 3) a student management decision case study. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the value of considering all potential members of a care team for diabetes care management. The decision by a clinic to create an OCPP should be based on team-based approaches to patient-centered chronic disease care management. Clinics looking to participate in a CDTM model OCPP need to identify if organizational transformation is needed for program buy-in and consider relational coordination between clinical roles as a major component of the coordinated work needed for a successful OCPP

Porno-Putinism: The Politics of Sex in the Kremlin’s War Against Gender Progress

In this paper, I analyze the political legitimation of Russian President Vladimir Putin through sexualized media avenues and the resulting challenges this poses to producing effective women\u27s policy. I examine the spectacle of Putin and the Duma in their handling of womens’ public health and economic issues, as well as female representation in spheres of power, by continuing the Soviet tradition of symbolic submission. I seek to answer the question of how these widely-produced images of the nastoyashiy muzhik, the real Russian man, influence political consciousness in contemporary Russia; and determine whether there are inroads to policy change outside of submission to the Kremlin. Contemporary Russia has seen arduous regime change and economic upheaval––from the traumatic reorganizing of society’s systems under Mikhail Gorbachev’s perestroika reforms, to the instability of the Boris Yeltsin years, to Putin’s ascendance to power. Gender roles and the fulfillment of their performance, specifically the machismo of the male head of state and obligatory submission to his government, have maintained a continuous role in defining contemporary power and stability. I hypothesize that policy-enforced gender inequality runs parallel to the machismo image of contemporary Russian power, and that this image has been woven through the political history of Russia as it stands today, emboldening its performative political relationship to women. I hypothesize that the concept of the “ideal,” submissive political woman is not gone and is central to the treatment of women and women’s issues in Russia’s political culture today

Clients\u27 Internal Representations of Their Therapists

Thirteen adults in long-term individual psychotherapy were interviewed regarding their internal representations (defined as bringing to awareness the internalized image ) of their therapists. Results indicated that in the context of a good therapeutic relationship, clients\u27 internal representations combined auditory, visual, and kinesthetic (i.e., felt presence) modalities; were triggered when clients thought about past or future sessions, or when distressed; occurred in diverse locations; and varied in frequency, duration, and intensity. Clients felt positively about their representations and used them to introspect or influence therapy within sessions, beyond sessions, or both. The frequency of, comfort with, and use of clients\u27 internal representations increased over the course of therapy, and the representations benefited the therapy and therapeutic relationship. Therapists tended not to take a deliberate role in creating clients\u27 internal representations, and few clients discussed their internal representations with their therapists

Exploring associations between perceived HCV status and injecting risk behaviors among recent initiates to injecting drug use in Glasgow

The aim of this study was to explore the influence of testing for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and perceived HCV status on injecting risk behavior. A cross-sectional, community-wide survey was undertaken at multiple sites throughout Greater Glasgow during 2001-2002. Four hundred ninety-seven injecting drug users (IDUs) consented to participate and were interviewed using a structured questionnaire to ascertain HCV test history and injecting risk behavior. The average age of participants was 27 years and the majority of the sample were male (70.4%). Participants had been injecting for an average duration of 2.5 years. Logistic regression analysis revealed no significant associations between having been tested and injecting risk behavior. After adjustment for potential confounding variables, HCV-negatives were significantly less likely to borrow needles/syringes and spoons or filters as compared with unawares and were significantly less likely to borrow spoons or filters as compared with HCV-positives. Due to the cross-sectional design of the study, it is uncertain whether this reduction in risk behavior could be attributed to perception of HCV status. Further research is recommended to consolidate the evidence for this relationship

Psychometric properties of the Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale (SAQOL-39) in a generic stroke population

Background: We previously developed the Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life scale (SAQOL-39) and tested it with people with chronic aphasia. A scale allowing comparisons of quality of life between people with versus without aphasia post-stroke would be of value to clinicians. Objectives: To evaluate the psychometrics of the SAQOL-39 in a generic stroke sample. Should this process result in a generic-stroke version of the scale (SAQOL-39g), a further aim is to compare the latter and the SAQOL-39 as tested in chronic aphasia. Design and subjects: Repeated measures psychometric study, evaluating internal consistency, test—retest reliability, construct validity and responsiveness to change. People admitted to hospital with a first stroke were assessed two weeks, three months and six months post stroke. Measures: SAQOL-39, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Barthel, Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test, General Health Questionnaire-12 and Frenchay Activities Index. Results: Of 126 eligible participants, 96 (76%) participated and 87 (69%) were able to self-report and are presented here. Testing the SAQOL-39 in generic stroke resulted in the SAQOL-39g, which has the same items as the SAQOL-39 but three domains: physical, psychosocial, communication. The SAQOL-39g showed good internal consistency (α = 0.95 overall score, 0.92—0.95 domains), test—retest reliability (interclass correlation (ICC) = 0.96 overall, 0.92—0.98 domains), convergent (r = 0.36—0.70 overall, 0.47—0.78 domains) and discriminant validity (r = 0.26 overall, 0.03—0.40 domains). It differentiated people by stroke severity and visual analogue scale (VAS)-defined quality of life. Moderate changes (d = 0.35—0.49; standardized response mean (SRM) = 0.29—0.53) from two weeks to six months supported responsiveness. Conclusions: The SAQOL-39g demonstrated good reliability, validity and responsiveness to change. It can be used to evaluate quality of life in people with and without aphasia post stroke