Capacidad antioxidante y perfil de ácidos grasos de Centaurea kotschyi (Boiss. & Heldr.) Hayek var. persica (Boiss.) Wagenitz de Turquía

The antioxidant capacity of the methanolic extract and the fatty acid composition of C. kotschyi var. persica were investigated. Six different chemical methods were used to determine the antioxidant capacity. The fatty acid composition was analyzed using gas chromatography. The IC50 value of the extract was determined as 37.09 μg/ml (in the DPPH assay). In the β-carotene/linoleic acid system, the extract exhibited 65.22% inhibition against linoleic acid oxidation. The amount of total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity were detected as 36.52 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 74.93 mg ascorbic acid equivalent (AE)/g, respectively. The major fatty acid in the composition of C. kotschyi var. persica was found to be C 18:3 ω3 (α-linolenic acid) by GC analysis. The results presented here indicate that C. kotschyi var. persica possess strong antioxidant properties. Therefore, the species can be used as a natural additive in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.La capacidad antioxidante de extractos metanólicos y composición de ácidos grasos de C. kotschyi var. pérsica fueron investigados. Seis métodos químicos diferentes fueron realizados para la determinación de la capacidad antioxidante. La composición de ácidos grasos fue analizada por cromatografía de gases. Los valores de IC50 de los extractos fueron 37.09 μg/ml (en el ensayo con DPPH). En el sistema β-carotene/ácido linoleico, el extracto mostró un 65.22% de inhibición frente a la oxidación del ácido linoleico. La cantidad total de contenido fenólico y capacidad antioxidante total fueron 36.52 mg equivalentes de ácido gallico (GAE)/g y 74.93 mg equivalentes de ácido ascórbico (AE)/g, respectivamente. El principal ácidos graso encontrado, por análisis de CG, en C. kotschyi var. pérsica fue el C 18:3 ω3 (ácido α-linolenico). Los resultados presentados aquí indican que C. kotschyi var. pérsica posee unas fuertes propiedades antioxidantes. Además, las especies pueden ser usadas como aditivos naturales en los alimentos, en cosmética y en industria farmacéutica

Relationship between Coronal Alignment and Posterior Tibial Slope in the Lower Extremity

Abstract Purpose: To restore the normal axial alignment of the lower extremity is important in reconstructive knee surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate lower-limb alignment and posterior tibial slope. Methods: Thirty-two male and 32 female outpatients aged 22 to 46 were recruited. A full weight-bearing anteroposterior radiograph of the entire lower limb was obtained for each subject. The axial alignment was measured based on the centers of the femoral head, knee, and ankle. The tibiofemoral (TF), tibial joint (TJ), and posterior tibial slope (TS) angles were determined. Results: The mean TF angle was more varus in women (177.8˚) than men (179.2˚), and the mean TJ angle was more medially inclined in women than men. Women had a greater TJ angle than men (93.3˚ vs. 91.6˚). The mean posterior TS was greater in men than women (16.0˚ vs. 12.5˚, p < 0.05), while the mean TS angle was greater in women (14.8˚) than men (12.3˚). Conclusion: Knee alignment and geometry vary among populations. In our study, the TF angle was varus among all participants. The knee joint was more medially inclined in women than men. And also the posterior TS was greater in women than men

Evaluation of the deaths secondary to entrapment under the debris in the Van earthquake

AbstractIntroductionAn earthquake occurred on October 23, 2011 at 13:41 in the Van city of Turkey. According to the Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, the magnitude of this earthquake was measured as 7.2 on the Richter scale. The earthquake caused deaths and injuries due to entrapment under the debris. This study has been planned in order to evaluate the features of these deaths and to discuss the obtained data comparatively with the literature.Materials and methodsExternal examination of the corpses and autopsy reports drawn up for Van Attorney Generalship in the city center were evaluated retrospectively.ResultsTotally 51 deaths secondary to the entrapment under the debris were analyzed. Twenty-seven cases (52.9%) were females and 24 cases (47.1%) were males. All the deaths occurred in houses or workplaces. The causes of deaths were as follows: head trauma together with visceral organ laceration in 30 cases (58.8%), mechanic asphyxia in 14 cases (27.5%) and the crush syndrome in seven cases (13.7%). Deaths due to the crush syndrome occurred after victims’ were rescued alive after having been under the debris.ConclusionTraumatic findings are usually generalized and extensive in deaths related with earthquakes. Multiple fractures of cranial bones, ribs, extremities and injuries of visceral organs and major vessels are determined in the external examination. On the other hand, forensic pathologists should not disregard the diagnosis of the crush syndrome in traumatic deaths, especially if the trauma is secondary to the entrapment under the debris following an earthquake

Antioxidant capacity and fatty acid profile of <i>Centaurea kotschyi</i> (Boiss. & Heldr.) Hayek var. <i>persica</i> (Boiss.) Wagenitz from Turkey

The antioxidant capacity of the methanolic extract and the fatty acid composition of <i>C. kotschyi</i> var. <i>persica</i> were investigated. Six different chemical methods were used to determine the antioxidant capacity. The fatty acid composition was analyzed using gas chromatography. The IC50 value of the extract was determined as 37.09 μg/ml (in the DPPH assay). In the β-carotene/linoleic acid system, the extract exhibited 65.22% inhibition against linoleic acid oxidation. The amount of total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity were detected as 36.52 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 74.93 mg ascorbic acid equivalent (AE)/g, respectively. The major fatty acid in the composition of <i>C. kotschyi</i> var. <i>persica</i> was found to be C 18:3 ω3 (α-linolenic acid) by GC analysis. The results presented here indicate that <i>C. kotschyi</i> var. <i>persica</i> possess strong antioxidant properties. Therefore, the species can be used as a natural additive in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.<br><br>La capacidad antioxidante de extractos metanólicos y composición de ácidos grasos de <i>C. kotschyi</i> var. <i>pérsica</i> fueron investigados. Seis métodos químicos diferentes fueron realizados para la determinación de la capacidad antioxidante. La composición de ácidos grasos fue analizada por cromatografía de gases. Los valores de IC50 de los extractos fueron 37.09 μg/ml (en el ensayo con DPPH). En el sistema β-carotene/ácido linoleico, el extracto mostró un 65.22% de inhibición frente a la oxidación del ácido linoleico. La cantidad total de contenido fenólico y capacidad antioxidante total fueron 36.52 mg equivalentes de ácido gallico (GAE)/g y 74.93 mg equivalentes de ácido ascórbico (AE)/g, respectivamente. El principal ácidos graso encontrado, por análisis de CG, en <i>C. kotschyi</i> var. <i>pérsica</i> fue el C 18:3 ω3 (ácido α-linolenico). Los resultados presentados aquí indican que <i>C. kotschyi</i> var. <i>pérsica</i> posee unas fuertes propiedades antioxidantes. Además, las especies pueden ser usadas como aditivos naturales en los alimentos, en cosmética y en industria farmacéutica

Settling velocity of microplastic particles having regular and irregular shapes

The settling velocities of 66 microplastic particle groups, having both regular (58) and irregular (eight) shapes, are measured experimentally. Regular shapes considered include: spheres, cylinders, disks, square plates, cubes, other cuboids (square and rectangular prisms), tetrahedrons, and fibers. The experiments generally consider Reynolds numbers greater than 102, extending the predominant range covered by previous studies. The present data is combined with an extensive data set from the literature, and the settling velocities are systematically analyzed on a shape-by-shape basis. Novel parameterizations and predictive drag coefficient formulations are developed for both regular and irregular particle shapes, properly accounting for preferential settling orientation. These are shown to be more accurate than the best existing predictive formulation from the literature. The developed method for predicting the settling velocity of irregularly-shaped microplastic particles is demonstrated to be equally well suited for natural sediments in the Appendix

The design and fabrication of supramolecular semiconductor nanowires formed by benzothienobenzothiophene (BTBT)-conjugated peptides

π-Conjugated small molecules based on a [1]benzothieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene (BTBT) unit are of great research interest in the development of solution-processable semiconducting materials owing to their excellent charge-transport characteristics. However, the BTBT π-core has yet to be demonstrated in the form of electro-active one-dimensional (1D) nanowires that are self-assembled in aqueous media for potential use in bioelectronics and tissue engineering. Here we report the design, synthesis, and self-assembly of benzothienobenzothiophene (BTBT)–peptide conjugates, the BTBT–peptide (BTBT-C3–COHN-Ahx-VVAGKK-Am) and the C8-BTBT–peptide (C8-BTBT-C3–COHN-Ahx-VVAGKK-Am), as β-sheet forming amphiphilic molecules, which self-assemble into highly uniform nanofibers in water with diameters of 11–13(±1) nm and micron-size lengths. Spectroscopic characterization studies demonstrate the J-type π–π interactions among the BTBT molecules within the hydrophobic core of the self-assembled nanofibers yielding an electrical conductivity as high as 6.0 × 10−6 S cm−1. The BTBT π-core is demonstrated, for the first time, in the formation of self-assembled peptide 1D nanostructures in aqueous media for potential use in tissue engineering, bioelectronics and (opto)electronics. The conductivity achieved here is one of the highest reported to date in a non-doped state

Experimental investigation on the nearshore transport of buoyant microplastic particles

This paper presents experimental measurements of beaching times for buoyant microplastic particles released, both in the pre-breaking region and within the surf zone. The beaching times are used to quantify cross-shore Lagrangian transport velocities of the microplastics. Prior to breaking the particles travel onshore with a velocity close to the Lagrangian fluid particle velocity, regardless of particle characteristics. In the surf zone the Lagrangian velocities of the microplastics increase and become closer to the wave celerity. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that particles having low Dean numbers (dimensionless fall velocity) are transported at higher mean velocities, as they have a larger tendency to be at the free-surface relative to particles with higher Dean numbers. An empirical relation is formulated for predicting the cross-shore Lagrangian transport velocities of buoyant microplastic particles, valid for both non-breaking and breaking irregular waves. The expression matches the present experiments well, in addition to two prior studies

Evaluation of nutritional status in pediatric intensive care unit patients: the results of a multicenter, prospective study in Turkey

IntroductionMalnutrition is defined as a pathological condition arising from deficient or imbalanced intake of nutritional elements. Factors such as increasing metabolic demands during the disease course in the hospitalized patients and inadequate calorie intake increase the risk of malnutrition. The aim of the present study is to evaluate nutritional status of patients admitted to pediatric intensive care units (PICU) in Turkey, examine the effect of nutrition on the treatment process and draw attention to the need for regulating nutritional support of patients while continuing existing therapies.Material and MethodIn this prospective multicenter study, the data was collected over a period of one month from PICUs participating in the PICU Nutrition Study Group in Turkey. Anthropometric data of the patients, calorie intake, 90-day mortality, need for mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay and length of stay in intensive care unit were recorded and the relationship between these parameters was examined.ResultsOf the 614 patients included in the study, malnutrition was detected in 45.4% of the patients. Enteral feeding was initiated in 40.6% (n = 249) of the patients at day one upon admission to the intensive care unit. In the first 48 h, 86.82% (n = 533) of the patients achieved the target calorie intake, and 81.65% (n = 307) of the 376 patients remaining in the intensive care unit achieved the target calorie intake at the end of one week. The risk of mortality decreased with increasing upper mid-arm circumference and triceps skin fold thickness Z-score (OR = 0.871/0.894; p = 0.027/0.024). The risk of mortality was 2.723 times higher in patients who did not achieve the target calorie intake at first 48 h (p = 0.006) and the risk was 3.829 times higher in patients who did not achieve the target calorie intake at the end of one week (p = 0.001). The risk of mortality decreased with increasing triceps skin fold thickness Z-score (OR = 0.894; p = 0.024).ConclusionTimely and appropriate nutritional support in critically ill patients favorably affects the clinical course. The results of the present study suggest that mortality rate is higher in patients who fail to achieve the target calorie intake at first 48 h and day seven of admission to the intensive care unit. The risk of mortality decreases with increasing triceps skin fold thickness Z-score

USING TOPSIS METHOD WITH LAPLACE CRITERION TO SELECT OPTIMUM AIRLINE

In this study, for evaluating subjective features that provides preference of airline companies to others the method TOPSIS has been used. Whilst calculating the weights of the criteria Laplace Criterion had been used. The importance of the study is that this is a unique application in air cargo industry

A comparative study on the stability formulas of rubble mound breakwaters

An example study showed that there may be 70% difference in armour stone weight when Van der Meer (1988) and Van Gent et al. (2004) formulas are applied as recommended by "The Rock Manual: The use of rock in hydraulic engineering" (2007) with specific design constraints. In this paper, questions arise in the application of these formulas and their dependence on certain design constraints given in literature as mentioned in "The Rock Manual: The use of rock in hydraulic engineering" (2007) are discussed. Based on the results of this study, a new design flowchart that uses Van der Meer (1988) and Van Gent et al. (2004) formulations is proposed and tested by physical model experiments. Furthermore, a real case study in Aliaga, Izmir, Turkey is presented in order to indicate the importance of the new design flowchart