Inheritance of Resistance to Sheath Blight in Long Grain Rice (Genetics, Fungus Disease).

The inheritance of resistance to the sheath blight disease of rice (Oryza sativa L.), caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, was studied using as parent lines four susceptible commercial varieties--Lebonnet, Labelle, Starbonnet and Leah, and three resistant lines: L201, RU7902185 and RU7902191. The parental lines, F(,2) and F(,3) progeny of each cross were inoculated when the seedlings were 35 days old using the isolate LR172, and then kept in a humidity chamber for two weeks. The infection level of each plant was evaluated using a 0-9 rating system where 0 indicates no symptoms and 9 indicates the most severe infection. Infection height as a percentage of the total sheath height was also estimated. The frequency distribution of the F(,2) progeny of susceptible x resistant crosses showed a bimodal distribution with the modal classes at 5 and 7. The resistant parents had a modal class at 4 and the susceptible parents had their modal class at 7. The distribution of the F(,2) progeny of most of the crosses appears to fit a 9:7 resistant to susceptible ratio. This suggests that two pairs of complementary genes with a high level of dominance controlled resistance to sheath blight. The analysis of variance indicates a high level of dominance and epistasis. Rating disease reaction by measuring the height of the highest lesions was not a satisfactory method for rating sheath blight infection since lesions sometimes occurred around the uppermost leaf collar on otherwise symptom-free plants. Heritability estimates were low. The highest estimates were 16.09% and 24.62% using respectively the regression and correlation of F(,2) on F(,3) line means. Since sheath blight resistance appears to be an effect of complementary dominant genes, the epistatic interactions may be partly responsible for the low heritability. However the low heritability suggests a need for progeny testing of individual plants selected in segregating populations in order to effectively identify resistant genotypes

Fluid pathways in magmatic fluid-dominated hydrothermal system: Upper resurgent cone, Brothers volcano, New Zealand

The Tonga-Kermadec Arc is an active volcanic arc located between New Zealand and Fiji. The arc expands over an approximate distance of 2530 km. The Kermadec Arc is currently host to over 30 volcanoes, the majority of which are submarine. The magmatic activity along the arc is characterized by the convergence between the Pacific and Australian plates. Brothers volcano is the most active hydrothermal system along the Kermadec arc and hosts two distinct hydrothermal systems, one magmatic fluid dominated, and the other seawater dominated, making the site perfect for studying nascent volcanogenic massive sulfide formation and fluid pathways. The International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) drilled five sites at Brothers volcano to understand the process of mineral deposit formation from hydrothermal activity and the relationship between discharge of magmatic fluids and the deep biosphere. This project focused on the data acquired from Site U1528, a resurgent cone hosting the magmatic fluid dominated hydrothermal system. Micro computed X-ray tomography (μCT) was used to determine the three-dimensional (3D) pore and secondary mineral structure of seven mini cores from Hole U1528D with varying depth (66.42-297.95 mbsf) and lithology (dacite lapilli tuff to lava flows). The pore characteristics were consistent at this site irrespective of volcanic lithology and depth except for sample 44Z. The total pore volume ranges between 10× 3 and 31× 3. The average pore volume is approximately 1× μm3. The variances observed in sample 44Z may be explained by the presence of a vug along a vein in the sample. The data obtained for total number of pores, distribution and volume indicates all rock types in this system have similar characteristics, which may suggest similar eruptive styles and volatile abundance through time. Secondary mineral phase volume and number have a general increase with depth despite alternating alteration intensity and rock types with depth. A general increase in secondary mineral phases with depth is thought to correlate with increased proximity to the magmatic-derived fluid source and therefore solutes that precipitated out of the fluid. These results indicate the resurgent cone hosts a robust hydrothermal system capable of carrying and precipitating heavy metals. At the Upper Cone, the fluid pathways of magmatic fluids are likely through the bulk rock given the pervasive nature of secondary minerals in all mini cores analyzed. However, outflow at the seafloor suggests there are faster and more voluminous pathways other than pores, like fractures, not studied here. Keywords: Fluid pathways, magmatic fluids, pores, secondary minerals, alteration, litholog

Determination of Cane Berry Pomaces Benefits Through In Vitro Model for Human Colonic Fermentation

Cane berry pomaces have traditionally been considered waste products with little or no value. Yet these pomaces’ high levels of phenolic compounds such as anthocyanins, is a good source of dietary fiber. Because the pomaces are low in sugar and rich in fiber and dietary antioxidants, they have potential as food ingredients for the health food market. The pomace delivers health benefits associated with high fiber and the antioxidant polyphenolic compounds associated with whole fruits and juices without the high sugar content. Some dietary fibers are substrates for anaerobic fermentation by the microbiome in the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The anaerobic fermentation of dietary fiber results in a lowering of the pH in the biomass and production of short chain fatty acids. In this study, a model system mimicking colonic fermentation in the digestive tract was developed and used to assess fermentation of cane berry pomace by colonic bacteria. Pomace samples from blueberry and black raspberry, and Hi-Maize© resistant starch (a high amylose cornstarch used as the positive control) were treated with pepsin followed by pancreatin digestion to simulate the digestive changes in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. After the digestion, the remaining undigested material was washed and air dried. The fiber was then fermented anaerobically with an inoculum of colonic bacteria prepared from fecal donations of healthy volunteers. The fermentation of the blueberry and black raspberry pomaces using the inoculum from 5 individuals resulted in a wide range of SCFA production. Fermentation with Hi-maize© resistant starch resulted in production of higher concentrations of SCFAs compared to the cane berry pomace substrates. An inoculum, prepared by mixing individual stool samples from five individuals, provided a microbiota that represented a broader population, thus resulting in a more generalized result. The production of acetate, propionate and butyrate was significantly higher in the pooled sample compared to results from individual donors. A different group of 5 individuals consumed a diet rich in resistant starch (RS) for a month and at the end of that period their stool samples were collected and used to prepare a pooled inoculum. The pooled inoculum from subjects with RS-fortified diet produced higher level of SCFAs than the pooled inoculum with non-fortified diet expect the Hi-Maize© RS which did not show difference at 0.05 significance level

Facteurs Explicatifs de la Pratique Contraceptive Moderne des Femmes Fréquentant les Formations Sanitaires du District de Youwarou au Mali

Objectif : Mettre en exergue les déterminants de la pratique contraceptive moderne des femmes fréquentant les centres de santé du district de Youwarou au Mali. L’étude part du constat que la situation sanitaire est non satisfaisante avec un faible taux de fréquentation des centres de santé qui est de 15 %, exacerbée par la crise sécuritaire déclenchée en 2012. Ainsi, le taux d’utilisation des méthodes contraceptives modernes est également très faible soit 1,07%. En effet, l’utilisation de la contraception moderne selon la cinquième Enquête Démographique et de Santé du Mali (EDSM-5) est de 9,6% au niveau national et de 2,7% dans la région de Mopti. Méthode : Etude transversale quantitative dont l’enquête fut réalisée du 1er mai au 30 juin 2015, et a porté sur 200 femmes âgées de 15-49 ans fréquentant les 07 centres de santé dans le district de Youwarou. Les données collectées par un questionnaire ont été vérifiées, compilées à l’aide du logiciel le Sphinx Plus² version 4.5, puis transférées sur le logiciel stata 10 pour l’analyse statistique. Pour l’analyse des données, nous avons eu recours à deux méthodes dans ce travail : la méthode d’analyse descriptive (analyse bivariée) et la méthode d’analyse explicative (analyse multivariée). Résultats : L’étude montrent que la prévalence contraceptive moderne est de 8,8%. Les femmes de centre de Guidio-sare utilisent les contraceptives modernes plus que leurs consoeurs du district. Enfin les déterminants de la pratique contraceptive sont notamment l’ethnie, l’âge et le statut matrimonial de la femme. Conclusion : A la lumière de cette étude, nous suggérons qu’un accent particulier doit être mis sur les déterminants révélés afin de promouvoir les méthodes contraceptives modernes. Objective: Highlight the determinants of modern contraceptive practice among women attending health centers in the Youwarou health district of Mali. The study was carried out based on the observation that the health situation is unsatisfactory with a low utilization rate of health centers is 15%, exacerbated by the security crisis triggered in 2012. Thus, the rate of use of modern contraceptive methods is also very low is 1.07%. Indeed, the use of modern contraception according to the fifth Demographic and Health Survey of Mali (EDSM-5) is 9.6% at the national level and 2.7% in the Mopti region. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out from May 1th to June 30th 2015, and covered 200 women aged 15-49 attending the 07 health centers in the district of Youwarou. The data collected by a questionnaire was verified, compiled using the software Sphinx Plus² version 4.5, and then transferred to the Stata 10 software for statistical analysis. For data analysis, two methods were used in this work: the descriptive analysis method (bivariate analysis) and the explanatory analysis method (multivariate analysis). Results: The study shows that modern contraceptive prevalence is 8.8%. women of Guidio-sare Center use modern contraceptives more than their sisters of district. Finally, the determinants of contraceptive practice include the ethnicity, age and marital status of women. Conclusion: In the light of this study, we suggest that emphasis should be placed on the identified determinants in order to promote modern contraceptive methods

Etude de l’effet de la date de semis et de l’age des plantules au repiquage sur le rendement de trois varietes de riz adoptees dans les perimetres irrigues villageois des regions de Tombouctou et de Gao

Les périmètres irrigués villageois (PIV) sont utilisés pour atténuer les effets néfastes des changements climatiques. Les variétés cultivées dans les PIV sont d’origine asiatique et souffrent des conditions agro climatiques des régions nord du Mali. Les expérimentations ont été conduites en milieu paysan dans les PIV de Tombouctou et de Gao afin de sélectionner des variétés ayant les caractéristiques désirables des producteurs. Sept paysans ont été sélectionnés par site pour la conduite des tests. Trois variétés de riz WARDA Sahel (WAS) et la variété Nionoka (témoin) ont été testées. Le dispositif expérimental utilisé était le factoriel en blocs dispersés avec comme facteur principal variétés et facteurs secondaires date de semis et l’âge des plantules au repiquage. La collecte des données a porté sur la variable rendement. Le logiciel GENSTAT version 4.0 a été utilisé pour l’analyse des données. Le test de Student-Newman-Keuls au seuil de 5% a été utilisé pour la séparation des moyennes à l’aide du logiciel SPSS version 17.0. Sur l’ensemble des sites, la variété SUTURA a enregistré le bon rendement. La période propice de semis des pépinières des trois variétés est la première quinzaine du mois de juillet. L’âge limite de repiquage des plantules est de 30 jours.Mots clés : Périmètre Irrigué Villageois (PIV), Variétés de riz, Rendement, Date de semis et Age des plantules au repiquag

Acute onset of retinal detachment after posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation

Case report: a 34-year-old man with severe myopia, presented with acute visual loss in his right eye. This occurred 3 hours after a posterior chamber phakic (PCP) intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, and was associated with a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Retinal retachment surgery was performed without complications, with the outcome showing good anatomical and functional results during a 2-year follow-up period. Discussion: despite the fact that several authors have described retinal detachments following PCP IOL implantation in highly myopic patients, there is no evidence that this procedure increases the risk of retinal detachment in these patients. The occurrence of the retinal detachment immediately after the phakic IOL implantation supports the hypothesis that the surgical procedure could induce iatrogenic changes in patients with high myopia, which could increase the incidence of retinal detachment. In contrast to other reports, the interval between the PCP IOL implantation and the retinal detachment was only 3 hours in our patient. We believe this demonstrates the importance of performing a complete preoperative vitreoretinal examination in patients with severe myopia

Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) in the treatment of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion

Objective: to evaluate efficacy and safety of intravitreal injections of bevacizumab in the treatment of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Methods: prospective study, noncomparative, interventional case series. Twelve consecutive patients (12 eyes) with macular edema associated with nonischemic retinal vein occlusion were treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25 mg). All subjects underwent standardized ophthalmic evaluation at baseline and at weeks 1, 4, 12, and 24, consisting of visual acuity (VA) measurement using ETDRS charts, and imaging with ocular coherence tomography evaluating changes in foveal thickness (FT) and macular volume (MV). Results: the median age was 66 years (± 4.16), and the median duration of symptoms was 4 months (± 1.81). There were six cases of inferior branch vein occlusion and six cases of superior branch retinal vein occlusion. Mean VA improved from 1.32 ± 0.24 (logMAR values) at baseline to 0.8 ± 0.15 (p = 0.0003) at the 6-month follow-up. The macular edema responded promptly, and a trend to restoration of normal macular anatomy was observed at by the seventh day. Mean FT improved from 615.50 ± 116.29 microns to 420 ± 72.53 microns (p = 0.001), and the mean MV improved from 19.81 ± 2.31mm3 to 9.23 ± 1.38 (p = 0.0001) at the 6-month follow-up

Infections bucco-dentaires en milieu psychiatrique de l’hôpital de Point-G : Observations de 130 cas.

Objectif : Analyser l’influence de la maladie mentale sur l’état de santé bucco-dentaire des patients psychiatriques. Matériels et méthode : Nous avons réalisé une étude prospective, transversale et descriptive basée sur l’observation des lésions bucco-dentaires chez les patients reçus en consultation psychiatrique. Elle s’est déroulée dans le service de Psychiatrie du Centre HospitaloUniversitaire du Point G pendant un mois (de juin à juillet 2014). La population cible était les patients psychiatriques connus suivis et/ou hospitalisés dans le service pendant la période de l'étude. Les données ont été recueillies à partir des dossiers médicaux et un questionnaire et saisies puis analysées avec le logiciel Epi info fr 6.0. Résultats : Pendant la période d’étude, 130 patients ont été retenus selon nos critères d’inclusion, dont 70,0% pour le sexe masculin avec un sex ratio de 2,3. La tranche d’âge 25- 34 ans était la plus représentée, soit 31,50%. . La majorité de nos patients présentaient une abrasion dentaire, soit 90,80% des cas. L’indice CAO/D de notre population était de 5,22. L’halitose et la sècheresse buccale étaient fréquentes chez les patients atteints de psychose chronique, soit respectivement 63,50% et 56,90% des cas. La gingivorragie a été observé chez 61,10% des patients atteints de psychose chronique.Conclusion : Cette étude montre la fréquence élevée de l’infection bucco-dentaire en milieu psychiatrique, d’où l’intérêt d’un partenariat entre professionnels de la santé mentale et ceux de la cavité buccal

ADÉNOPATHIES CERVICO-FACIALES EN ODONTO STOMATOLOGIE: ÉTUDE DE 82 OBSERVATIONS.

Objectif : étudier les adénopathies cervico-faciales en rapport avec la tuberculose dans notre pratique Odonto-stomatologique. Matériels et Méthodes : Nous avons réalisé une étude rétrospective sur une période de quatre ans (janvier 2007 à décembre 2010), au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Odontostomatologie (CHU OS) de Bamako, sur des cas successifs d’adénopathies cervico-faciales. L’IDRT et l’anatomopathologie de la pièce biopsique ont servi pour le diagnostic étiologique de la tuberculose. Les données ont été recueillies à partir des dossiers médicaux et saisies puis analysées avec le logiciel Epiinfo.fr 6.0. Résultats : Les lésions ont concerné 82 patients dont 37 hommes (45,1%) avec un sex ratio de 0,82. La tranche d’âge la plus représentée a été celle de 20 et 29 ans (28%). Le siège anatomique privilégié était la région cervicale avec 34,14%.Nos patients ont bénéficié d’une radiographie thoracique dans 90,20% des cas. L’IDRT a été effectuée chez 72% des patients et l’adénite tuberculeuse caséo- folliculaire a été retrouvée dans 8,50% des cas. Conclusion : Notre étude a révélé une prévalence de 0,31% d‘adénopathies cervico-faciales dont 80,50% était d’origine tuberculeuse. Devant toute adénopathie cervico-faciale dans une zone d’endémie tuberculeuse, une IDRT et un examen anatomopathologique de la biopsie ganglionnaire devrait être systématique pour la prise en charge précoce de la tuberculose