Mesozoic spreading kinematics: consequences for Cenozoic Central and Western Mediterranean subduction

The highly complex tectonics of Central and Western Mediterranean subduction are well documented, but there is significant debate about the responsible dynamics. The motions of the main plates, Africa including Adria, Europe and Iberia, imposed initial and boundary conditions on the evolution of subduction that are often not considered. To quantitatively evaluate these conditions, we make a set of reconstructions from Mesozoic opening through Cenozoic closing of the Alpine Tethys, using main-plate kinematic data from several authors. Geologic and tectonic information are only added to constrain the location of the break-up boundary and a single plate-margin rearrangement at the end of the opening phase. Otherwise, the plates remain undeformed. This rigid-plate approach illustrates the context in which surface deformation and subduction occurred and provides estimates (with uncertainties) of the amount of material that should be accounted for in orogens or documented seismically in the mantle. Full tectonic reconstructions should satisfy such constraints. Opening led to alternating domains of predominantly oceanic lithosphere formed by normal spreading and domains dominated by transform motion, floored mainly by extended continental lithosphere. The transform domain structures provide logical decoupling zones to allow Penninic, Ligurian and Pyrenean basins to start subducting independently. The complex buoyancy in the transform domain linking Ligurian and Penninic basins, and obliquity between directions of opening and closing may account for a number of the oceanic basins and continental slivers often invoked to explain Alpine geology. The significant proportion of continental lithosphere in the Alboran would have favoured delamination of mantle lithosphere over subduction. The almost completely subducted Penninic slab obstructed subduction of the Ligurian domain in the direction of Africa-Europe convergence, possibly forcing the rollback of the Appeninic/Calabrian trenc

Determinação de características químicas, físico-químicas e propriedades funcionais de carne de caprinos do Nordeste brasileiro.

bitstream/CNPAT-2010/5604/1/Pa-034.pd

Validation and assessment of variant calling pipelines for next-generation sequencing

Background: The processing and analysis of the large scale data generated by next-generation sequencing (NGS) experiments is challenging and is a burgeoning area of new methods development. Several new bioinformatics tools have been developed for calling sequence variants from NGS data. Here, we validate the variant calling of these tools and compare their relative accuracy to determine which data processing pipeline is optimal. Results: We developed a unified pipeline for processing NGS data that encompasses four modules: mapping, filtering, realignment and recalibration, and variant calling. We processed 130 subjects from an ongoing whole exome sequencing study through this pipeline. To evaluate the accuracy of each module, we conducted a series of comparisons between the single nucleotide variant (SNV) calls from the NGS data and either gold-standard Sanger sequencing on a total of 700 variants or array genotyping data on a total of 9,935 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. A head to head comparison showed that Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) provided more accurate calls than SAMtools (positive predictive value of 92.55% vs. 80.35%, respectively). Realignment of mapped reads and recalibration of base quality scores before SNV calling proved to be crucial to accurate variant calling. GATK HaplotypeCaller algorithm for variant calling outperformed the UnifiedGenotype algorithm. We also showed a relationship between mapping quality, read depth and allele balance, and SNV call accuracy. However, if best practices are used in data processing, then additional filtering based on these metrics provides little gains and accuracies of >99% are achievable. Conclusions: Our findings will help to determine the best approach for processing NGS data to confidently call variants for downstream analyses. To enable others to implement and replicate our results, all of our codes are freely available at http://metamoodics.org/wes

Avaliação de linhagens de feijão-caupi no Município de Mazagão, Estado do Amapá.

No Estado do Amapá o cultivo pelo feijão-caupi começa a ter grande aceitação, principalmente em função de sua excelente adaptação, baixo custo de produção e boa aceitação comercial. Um dos objetivos dos experimentos na região é desenvolver cultivares de porte ereto e semi-ereto adequadas ao cultivo totalmente mecanizado. Assim, em Latossolo Amarelo, em clima do tipo Ami, usando-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições e adubação de 80 kg ha-1 (superfosfato triplo) e 50 kg ha-1 (cloreto de potássio), foram avaliadas vinte linhagens de feijão-caupi. A análise de variância mostrou diferença significativa pelo teste de Tukey (p< 0,05) para todas as características avaliadas. Os melhores desempenhos produtivos foram das linhagens MNC03-737F-5-1 com 1.425,7 kg ha-1, seguida pelos genótipos MNC03-737F-5-10 e MNC03-737F-5-9, com 1.293,9 kg ha-1 e 1.202,6 kg ha-1, respectivamente. Estes materiais estão inseridos na subclasse comercial branco. O início de floração teve média experimental em 45,6 dias, enquanto o comprimento de vagem foi de 18,2 cm. As linhagens mostraram-se tolerantes ao ataque de doenças e pragas.CONAC 2012. Disponível em: http://www.conac2012.org/resumos/pdf/133a.pdf. Acesso em: 22 jul. 2013

Avaliação de linhagens de feijão-caupi no Amapá.

A demanda por novas cultivares de feijão-caupi tem sido comum no meio rural do Amapá. Cabe destacar que os genótipos de porte prostrado apresentam maior vigor e se adaptam melhor em ambientes desfavoráveis, relativamente às cultivares de porte ereto. Nesse sentido o experimento teve objetivo de avaliar vinte linhagens de porte prostrado e semi-prostrado na região. Em Latossolo Amarelo, clima do tipo Ami, usou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso e quatro repetições, adubação de 80 kg ha-1 (superfosfato triplo) e 50 kg ha-1 (cloreto de potássio). A semeadura manual ocorreu em fileiras espaçadas de 0,80 m e área útil de 8 m². A análise de variância mostrou diferença significativa pelo teste de Tukey (p< 0,05). A melhor produtividade de 1.251,9 kg ha-1, foi da cultivar BRS-Pajeú. Destacaram-se também MNC03-736F-6, BRS Xiquexique, MNC02-701F-2, MNC03-761F-1, MNC02-677F-5, Pingo de Ouro-1-2, MNC02-675F-9-5 e BRS Gurgéia. A linhagem MNC01-649F-1-3 alcançou menor período de floração, enquanto o maior comprimento de vagem foi do genótipo MNC02-677F-2.CONAC 2012. Disponível em: http://www.conac2012.org/resumos/pdf/133b.pdf. Acesso em: 22 jul. 2013

Microstructure and magneto-dielectric properties of the chitosan/gelatin-YIG biocomposites

This work is devoted to the preparation of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) ferrimagnetic biocomposites based in biodegradable chitosan and gelatin. The aim was to produce composite films containing controlled amounts of YIG to obtain a new biological material with magneto-dielectric features. Structural characterization of the biocomposites was made by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared absorption spectroscopy and thermal analysis, while the dielectric and magnetic properties were obtained from dielectric spectroscopy and magnetic hysteresis loops, respectively. The versatility of the films obtained makes them possible candidates for use as biomaterials or electronic device

Passenger transport decarbonization in emerging economies: policy lessons from modelling long-term deep decarbonization pathways

Reaching the goal of the Paris Agreement will not be possible without a deep decarbonization of the passenger transport sector. In emerging economies experiencing rapid economic growth and social transformations, and large-scale development of urban areas and associated infrastructure, opportunities and challenges exist when considering a broader set of mitigation options. In this paper, we apply the Deep Decarbonization Pathways (DDP) approach to develop and report scenarios on the passenger transport sector in Brazil, India, Indonesia, and South Africa. This approach supports an increase in the sectoral ambition of covering all drivers of change in transport mobility and facilitating collective comparison and policy discussions on the barriers and enablers of transitions. The scenario analysis illustrates that all four countries can achieve reductions in emissions per passenger kilometres of 59% and up to 92% by 2050 while meeting growing mobility needs. Lastly, the analysis identifies short-term policy needed to address barriers and promote enablers

A Hybrid Likelihood Model for Sequence-Based Disease Association Studies

In the past few years, case-control studies of common diseases have shifted their focus from single genes to whole exomes. New sequencing technologies now routinely detect hundreds of thousands of sequence variants in a single study, many of which are rare or even novel. The limitation of classical single-marker association analysis for rare variants has been a challenge in such studies. A new generation of statistical methods for case-control association studies has been developed to meet this challenge. A common approach to association analysis of rare variants is the burden-style collapsing methods to combine rare variant data within individuals across or within genes. Here, we propose a new hybrid likelihood model that combines a burden test with a test of the position distribution of variants. In extensive simulations and on empirical data from the Dallas Heart Study, the new model demonstrates consistently good power, in particular when applied to a gene set (e.g., multiple candidate genes with shared biological function or pathway), when rare variants cluster in key functional regions of a gene, and when protective variants are present. When applied to data from an ongoing sequencing study of bipolar disorder (191 cases, 107 controls), the model identifies seven gene sets with nominal p-values<0.05, of which one MAPK signaling pathway (KEGG) reaches trend-level significance after correcting for multiple testing. © 2013 Chen et al

Unlocking the potential of big data to support tactical performance analysis in professional soccer:A systematic review

In professional soccer, increasing amounts of data are collected that harness great potential when it comes to analysing tactical behaviour. Unlocking this potential is difficult as big data challenges the data management and analytics methods commonly employed in sports. By joining forces with computer science, solutions to these challenges could be achieved, helping sports science to find new insights, as is happening in other scientific domains. We aim to bring multiple domains together in the context of analysing tactical behaviour in soccer using position tracking data. A systematic literature search for studies employing position tracking data to study tactical behaviour in soccer was conducted in seven electronic databases, resulting in 2338 identified studies and finally the inclusion of 73 papers. Each domain clearly contributes to the analysis of tactical behaviour, albeit in - sometimes radically - different ways. Accordingly, we present a multidisciplinary framework where each domain's contributions to feature construction, modelling and interpretation can be situated. We discuss a set of key challenges concerning the data analytics process, specifically feature construction, spatial and temporal aggregation. Moreover, we discuss how these challenges could be resolved through multidisciplinary collaboration, which is pivotal in unlocking the potential of position tracking data in sports analytics.Highlights Over the recent years, there has been a considerable growth in studies on tactical behaviour using position tracking data, especially in the domains of sports science and computer science. Yet both domains have contributed distinctly different studies, with the first being more focused on developing theories and practical implications, and the latter more on developing techniques.Considerable opportunities exist for collaboration between sports science and computer science in the study of tactics in soccer, especially when using position tracking data.Collaborations between the domains of sports science and computer science benefit from a stronger dialogue yielding a cyclical collaboration.We have proposed a framework that could serve as the foundation for the combination of sports science and computer science expertise in tactical analysis in soccer