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The long-term outcome of treated high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer
This article is available open access through the publisherâs website from the link below. Copyright © 2012 American Cancer Society.BACKGROUND: The treatment of high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is difficult given its unpredictable natural history and patient comorbidities. Because current case series are mostly limited in size, the authors report the outcomes from a large, single-center series.
METHODS: The authors reviewed all patients with primary, high-risk NMIBC at their institution from 1994 to 2010. Outcomes were matched with clinicopathologic data. Patients who had muscle invasion within 6 months or had insufficient follow-up (<6 months) were excluded. Correlations were analyzed using multivariable Cox regression and log-rank analysis (2-sided; P < .05).
RESULTS: In total, 712 patients (median age, 73.7 years) were included. Progression to muscle invasion occurred in 110 patients (15.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 13%-18.3%) at a median of 17.2 months (interquartile range, 8.9-35.8 months), including 26.5% (95% CI, 22.2%-31.3%) of the 366 patients who had >5 years follow-up. Progression was associated with age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.04; P = .007), dysplastic urothelium (HR, 1.6; P = .003), urothelial cell carcinoma variants (HR, 3.2; P = .001), and recurrence (HR, 18.3; P .6).
CONCLUSIONS: Within a program of conservative treatment, progression of high-risk NMIBC was associated with a poor prognosis. Surveillance and bacillus Calmette-Guerin were ineffective in altering the natural history of this disease. The authors concluded that the time has come to rethink the paradigm of management of this disease.GlaxoSmithKline, Yorkshire Cancer Research, Sheffield Hospitals Charitable Trust, Astellas Educational Foundation, and the European Union
Ergebnisse der Umfrage zur Einstufung und Bewertung von Technologien
Auf die richtige Technologie zu setzen, sinnvolle Anwendungsfelder zu wĂ€hlen und damit Technologieentwicklungen in die richtige Richtung mit passenden Eigenschaften zu steuern ist ausschlaggebend fĂŒr den nachhaltigen Erfolg von Technologieunternehmen. Durch die weltweite Zunahme und rasante Beschleunigung der Forschungs- und EntwicklungsaktivitĂ€ten sowie die steigende Verflechtung von Wertschöpfungs-ketten wird es jedoch zunehmend schwieriger, Technologieentwicklungen richtig einzuschĂ€tzen. Gleichzeitig hat sich durch das Internet der Zugang zu Daten und Informationen drastisch verbessert. Durch leistungsstarke Informations- und TelekommunikationsgerĂ€te und Software sind groĂe DatensĂ€tze einfacher zu erschlieĂen und komplexe Datenanalysen auch mit neuartigen Indikatoren möglich. Somit haben sich auch fĂŒr Unternehmen, die sehr eingeschrĂ€nkte Ressourcen fĂŒr Technologieanalysen haben, die Möglichkeiten der indikatorengestĂŒtzten Technologiebewertung verbessert.
Um einen aktuellen Ăberblick zu schaffen, welche Indikatoren und Methoden fĂŒr Technologieanalysen zur Zeit in der Praxis und in der Wissenschaft eingesetzt werden, wurde von der Professur fĂŒr Innovationsmanagement am Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaft der Freien UniversitĂ€t Berlin eine Umfrage bei deutsch-sprachigen Expert*innen aus der Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft im November und Dezember 2017 durchgefĂŒhrt. Die Ergebnisse sind in diesem Bericht aufgefĂŒhrt
Novel PolymerâSilica Composite-Based Bifunctional Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of 4-(2-Furyl)-3-Buten-2-One as Model Substance for FurfuralâAcetone Aldol Condensation Products
Novel bifunctional metal-loaded polymerâsilica composite (PSC) catalysts were investigated
in the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of 4-(2-furyl)-3-buten-2-one (FAc) as a model substance for
furfuralâacetone aldol condensation products. PSC catalysts were synthesized via a solâgel method
with different polymer contents and subsequently doped with different noble metals. The product
composition of the HDO of FAc could be tuned by using catalysts with different polymer (i.e., acidic
properties) and metal content (i.e., redox properties), showing the great potential of metal-loaded PSC
materials as tunable catalysts in biomass conversions with complex reaction networks. Furthermore,
high yields (>90%) of the fully hydrodeoxygenated product (n-octane) could be obtained using noble
metal-loaded PSC catalysts in only 8 h of reaction time
Reduction of p-Nitrophenol to p-Aminophenol over supported monometallic catalysts as a model reaction for mass-transfer investigations: Reduction of p-Nitrophenol to p-Aminophenol over supportedmonometallic catalysts as a model reaction for mass-transferinvestigations
TiO2/chitosan-lignin photocatalyst for the selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde
The electrophysiology of the betacell based on single transmembrane protein characteristics
The electrophysiology of betacells is at the origin of insulin secretion.
Betacells exhibit a complex behaviour upon stimulation with glucose including
repeated and uninterrupted bursting. Mathematical modelling is most suitable to
improve knowledge about the function of various transmembrane currents provided
the model is based on reliable data. This is the first attempt to build a
mathematical model for the betacell-electrophysiology in a bottom-up approach
which relies on single protein conductivity data. The results of previous
whole-cell-based models are reconsidered. The full simulation including all
prominent transmembrane proteins in betacells is used to provide a functional
interpretation of their role in betacell-bursting and an updated vantage point
of betacell-electrophysiology. As a result of a number of in silico knock-out-
and block-experiments the novel model makes some unexpected predictions:
Single-channel conductivity data imply that calcium-gated potassium currents
are rather small. Thus, their role in burst interruption has to be revisited.
An alternative role in high calcium level oscillations is proposed and an
alternative burst interruption model is presented. It also turns out that
sodium currents are more relevant than expected so far. Experiments are
proposed to verify these predictions.Comment: 28 pages, 5 figures, 54 references, 14 pages supplementary materia
Quality of life of patients after retropubic prostatectomy - Pre- and postoperative scores of the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-PR25
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Patients with newly diagnosed early stage prostate cancer (PCa) face a difficult choice of different treatment options with curative intention. They must consider both goals of optimising quantity and quality of life. The quality of life (QoL) is a psychometric outcome which is measured using validated questionnaires. Only few data are published concerning pre - and postoperative QoL.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This study investigated pre perative QoL of 185 patients who consecutively underwent open radical retropubic prostatectomy for organ-confined PCa to postoperative QoL of another 185 patients. The EORTC QLQ-C30, EORTC QLQPR25 module and 24 h ICS pad test were used (mean follow-up 28.6 months).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The examined symptom scores of the EORTC QLQ-PR25 were on lowest level. In the dyspnoea symptom score differences of age emerged: the amount of patients who are short of breath rose significantly in older patients after surgery (p < 0.05 paired, two-tailed student's t-test).. Lastly, the urinary symptom score was found postal-therapeutically low; this fact was age independent. The results of sexual symptom score need to be taken into consideration, since prostatectomy resulted in a significant reduction of sexual activity independent of age. All functioning scales postoperatively reached high values without significant changes (p > 0.05 student's t-test ), which implies a high QoL after surgery. A reliable and satisfying status of continence was found in our patients after retropubic prostatectomy. A high rate of patients (89.2%) would choose retropubic prostatectomy again.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Retropubic prostatectomy represents a reliable and accepted procedure in the treatment of organ-confined PCa. For the first time it could be shown that patients` QoL remained on a high level after retropubic prostatectomy. Nevertheless, the primary avoidance or postoperative therapy of erectile dysfunction should be in the focus of surgeons.</p
New uses for old tools : Reviving Holdridge Life Zones in soil carbon persistence research
Growing evidence suggests that climate classification facilitates the identification of zones that either agree or disagree with processes explaining soil organic carbon (SOC) persistence. Already forty years ago, Post et al. (1982) posited that the strict temperature and precipitation-based classification defining the Holdridge Life Zones (HLZ) provides a descriptive tool to guide our understanding of the heterogeneous distribution of global SOC stocks. Here we argue that this classification has the potential for describing SOC persistence by linking top-down and bottom-up approaches from different scales, which allows selection of individual regional relevancies necessary to manage and track the fate of our largest terrestrial carbon (C) reservoir. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science published by Wiley-VCH Gmb
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