Les transports urbains non motorisés en Afrique sub-saharienne : le cas du Mali

L'objectif de ce travail est l'identification des obstacles à l'usage de la bicyclette, ainsi que l'appréciation des possibilités de développement de l'usage de ce mode par des mesures pour éliminer ces obstacles. Le postulat de cette démarche est que la bicyclette est potentiellement un mode favorisant la mobilité dans un contexte économique difficile où l'ensemble des besoins de déplacements ne peuvent être assurés par les transports collectifs ou encore par des moyens individuels motorisés, en raison des coûts économiques de ces modes.Ceci a conduit les auteurs à appréhender l'ensemble de la mobilité pour analyser quelles pratiques de déplacements et d'usage des modes se sont développées et quelle peut être l'évolution de ces pratiques.Bicyclette ; modes de transports ; politique des transports ; étude des déplacements ; mobilité quotidienne ; Bamako ; Mali

Patient/family views on data sharing in rare diseases: study in the European LeukoTreat project.: Survey assessing data sharing in leukodystrophies

International audienceThe purpose of this study was to explore patient and family views on the sharing of their medical data in the context of compiling a European leukodystrophies database. A survey questionnaire was delivered with help from referral centers and the European Leukodystrophies Association, and the questionnaires returned were both quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. This study found that patients/families were strongly in favor of participating. Patients/families hold great hope and trust in the development of this type of research. They have a strong need for information and transparency on database governance, the conditions framing access to data, all research conducted, partnerships with the pharmaceutical industry, and they also need access to results. Our findings bring ethics-driven arguments for a process combining initial broad consent with ongoing information. On both, we propose key item-deliverables to database participants

Guidelines for Disclosing Genetic Information to Family Members: from Development to Use

[À l'origine dans / Was originally part of : CRDP - Droit, biotechnologie et rapport au milieu

A far-ultraviolet-driven photoevaporation flow observed in a protoplanetary disk

Most low-mass stars form in stellar clusters that also contain massive stars, which are sources of far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation. Theoretical models predict that this FUV radiation produces photo-dissociation regions (PDRs) on the surfaces of protoplanetary disks around low-mass stars, impacting planet formation within the disks. We report JWST and Atacama Large Millimetere Array observations of a FUV-irradiated protoplanetary disk in the Orion Nebula. Emission lines are detected from the PDR; modelling their kinematics and excitation allows us to constrain the physical conditions within the gas. We quantify the mass-loss rate induced by the FUV irradiation, finding it is sufficient to remove gas from the disk in less than a million years. This is rapid enough to affect giant planet formation in the disk

Incidence du cancer du sein parmi les salariées en activité des industries électriques et gazières (période 1990-2006) (application d une méthode de standardisation par le modèle de Poisson)

PARIS7-Xavier Bichat (751182101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Mapping Coastal Erosion of a Mediterranean Cliff with a Boat-Borne Laser Scanner: Performance, Processing, and Cliff Erosion Rate

International audienceTerrestrial laser scanners (TLS) are well known for providing an efficient means to monitor coastal cliff erosion. Cliffs along micro-tidal coasts, however, have often escaped quantification because the narrow or absent coastal platforms do not offer stable and embracing vantage points. To circumvent this issue, mobile laser scanning surveys from a boat can be used. We present a case study from Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur (Mediterranean coast-southern France) to quantify cliff erosion in such micro-tidal environments. Three surveys were subcontracted over a period of 17 months to monitor a 3.5-km-long cliff of Carry-le-Rouet (15 km west of Marseille). Data quality was checked independently using man-made planar walls positioned above the cliff face, to retrieve survey precision and change detection thresholds. A boat-borne mobile LiDAR system was capable of describing planar features with a precision of 3–4 cm (epoch 1 and 2) and improved to 2.6 cm (epoch 3) with point densities around 100 points/m 2 . Absolute positioning accuracy varied between 0.1 cm and 0.3 cm. Because the coastline is very sinuous, we describe a method to unfold the point clouds using a continuous analytical surface made of vertical planes joined by arcs of cylinders and perform the analysis in 2.5D. Change was detected using a unique, conservative, threshold of 14 cm (99% quantile estimated on the plane change) on grids of 10 × 10 cm pixels. Integrated over the entire cliff face, the average annual cliff recession rate at Carry-le-Rouet is 1.1 cm/year. In 17 months, erosion was three times more effective in sandstone and marl layers than in calcarenites and conglomerates. Erosion varies vertically with erosion three times more effectively in the lower 25 m of the cliffs than above. Despite imperfections, boat-borne laser scanning systems are capable of delivering meaningful erosion data even in this low erosion context