42 research outputs found

    Challenges of post Cold War democratization and Serbia's position between Euro-Atlanticism and Neo-Eurasianism

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    ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ° Ρƒ овој ΡΡ‚ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ˜ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ сС ΠΈΠ·Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π° постхладноратовскС Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ Ρƒ контСксту Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ³ полоТаја Π‘Ρ€Π±ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’Ρƒ Π΅Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠ°Ρ‚Π»Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΅Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠ°Π·ΠΈΡ˜ΡΡ‚Π²Π°. Π˜ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π·ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ прСтпоставкС Π΄Π° сС Π½Π° процСс Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ Ρƒ Π‘Ρ€Π±ΠΈΡ˜ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ 1990. Π΄ΠΎ 2020. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°Π²Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡšΠ΅ интСрСса Π΅Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠ°Ρ‚Π»Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΅Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠ°Π·ΠΈΡ˜ΡΡ‚Π²Π°. ΠŸΡ€Π΅ΠΌΠ° Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ΅, Ρ†ΠΈΡ™ Ρ€Π°Π΄Π° јС Π°Ρ€Π³ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ објашњСњС ΡƒΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-послСдичних Π²Π΅Π·Π° спољних ΠΈ ΡƒΠ½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡˆΡšΠΈΡ… Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°, односно процСса Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ³ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°ΡšΠ° Π΅Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠ°Ρ‚Π»Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΅Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠ°Π·ΠΈΡ˜ΡΡ‚Π²Π° Π½Π° простору Π‘Ρ€Π±ΠΈΡ˜Π΅. Π£Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡˆΡšΠΈ аспСкт Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ сС постхладноратовскС Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ Π‘Ρ€Π±ΠΈΡ˜Π΅, која јС Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎ успоставила Π²ΠΈΡˆΠ΅ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΊΠΈ систСм 1990. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅, Π°Π»ΠΈ јС Π½Π° снази Π±ΠΈΠ»Π° Π°ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ€Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ˜Π°. Π£Π·Ρ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈ опстанка Π°ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡƒΡ˜Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Ρ™Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ ΠΈΠ·Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π΅ дСмократским ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠ° Ρƒ Π‘Ρ€Π±ΠΈΡ˜ΠΈ, Π΄ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡ˜ΠΈΡ… Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π°Π·ΠΈ Ρ˜Π΅Π΄Π½Ρƒ Π΄Π΅Ρ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ˜Ρƒ каснијС, 5. ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π° 2000. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅. Од Ρ‚Π°Π΄Π° Π΄ΠΎ 2012. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π±Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈ сС ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π° Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π° ΠΈ успон Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ˜Π΅. ΠœΠ΅Ρ’ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΠΌ, Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π°Ρ€Π°Π½ процСс Π΄ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Ρ™Π°Π²Π° ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ·Ρƒ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π°Π±Ρ™Π΅ΡšΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ 2012. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅, услСд слоТСних ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΈΡ… околности са којима су сС суочили ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ дСмократскС Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ Ρƒ Π‘Ρ€Π±ΠΈΡ˜ΠΈ. Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡ™Π½ΠΈ аспСкт ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ° Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ сС спољнополитичких Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° који су сС ΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° процСсС Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ Π‘Ρ€Π±ΠΈΡ˜Π΅. Π£ контСксту постхладноратовскС Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»Π½Π΅ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΈΠ· Π±ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Ρƒ ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌ, Π‘Ρ€Π±ΠΈΡ˜Π° сС суочила са Скономским, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΈΠΌ, дипломатским ΠΈ војним ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π²Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°ΠΌΠ° ΡˆΡ‚ΠΎ јој јС ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΆΠ°Π²Π°Π»ΠΎ спољнополитичку ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Ρƒ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΎ ΡƒΠ½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡˆΡšΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π΅. ΠŸΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ™Π½ΠΈΡ˜Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Π° Π±Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈ сС Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ дСмократских ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°, Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ›ΠΈ Π΄Π° јС Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π° изашла ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ СкономскС ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅, Π°Π»ΠΈ сС, ΡƒΠΏΠΎΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎ са Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌ, нашла ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ‚ ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡšΠ° Свропских ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°, статуса Косова ΠΈ ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ…ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Ρ€Π°Π΄ΡšΠ΅ са судом Ρƒ Π₯Π°Π³Ρƒ. НавСдСна ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡšΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π° су ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΡƒ сцСну Π‘Ρ€Π±ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ Π½Π° Π΅Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ СвроскСптикС, Π΄Π° Π±ΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ рускС Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ Ρƒ контСксту Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ°Π²Π°ΡšΠ° косовко-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ…ΠΈΡ˜ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡšΠ°, дошло Π΄ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ Π΅Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠ°Ρ‚Π»Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΅Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠ°Π·ΠΈΡ˜ΡΡ‚Π²Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ простору са ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°ΠΌΠ° Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡƒ процСса Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅.The subject of research in this study concerns the challenges of post-Cold War democratization in the context of Serbia's geopolitical position between Euro-Atlantism and Neo-Eurasianism. The research starts from the assumption that the process of democratization and the dynamics of political modernization in Serbia from 1990 to 2020 reflects the intertwining of the interests of Euro-Atlanticism and Neo-Eurasianism. Therefore, the goal of the paper is an argumentative explanation of the cause-and-effect relationships of external and internal factors, that is, the process of democratization and geopolitical competition between Euro-Atlanticism and Neo-Eurasianism on the territory of Serbia. The internal aspect of the analysis concerns the post-Cold War democratization of Serbia, which formally established a multi-party system in 1990, but authoritarian democracy was in force. The reasons for the survival of the authoritarian regime also present challenges to the democratic changes in Serbia, which took place one decade later, on October 5, 2000. From then until 2012, the modernization of state and social capacities and the rise of democracy were noted. However, democratization as a non-linear process experienced a crisis and weakened again after 2012, due to the complex political and geopolitical circumstances faced by the political and social actors of the democratic transition in Serbia. The external aspect of the research concerns the foreign policy factors that were reflected in the processes of democratization and modernization of Serbia. In the context of the post-Cold War global transition from bipolarism to unipolarism, Serbia faced economic, political, diplomatic and military interventions, which made its foreign policy position difficult and limited its internal political modernization capacities. A more favorable position was recorded after the democratic changes, since the country came out of political and economic isolation, but, at the same time, faced new challenges such as the issue of European integration, the status of Kosovo and Metohija, and the cooperation with the court in Hague. The aforementioned issues polarized the political scene of Serbia between Europragmatics and Eurosceptics, so that, after the activation of Russian diplomacy in the context of solving the Kosovo-Metohija issue, there would be a confrontation between Euro-Atlanticism and neo-Eurasianism in this area with implications for the dynamics of the democratization and modernization process

    Synthesis of Macrolide Antibiotics. IV. Stereoselective Syntheses of the 3-O-Methyl and the 11-O-Methyl Derivatives of the C(1)-C(6) Segment of Erythronolides A and B and the C(9)-C(15) Segment of Erythronolide A, Respectively

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    By appropriate dissection of the macrocyclic lactone ring of methymycin erythromycins A and B, picromycin and narbomycin, carbohydrate-like structural segments were obtained. The finding that the anomeric configuration of a glycopyranoside effectively controls the stereochemistry of various addition reactions to sp\u27 (C=O and C=C) carbon atoms of a glycopranoside ring led to the development of a general stereoselective approach for the synthesis of the chiral carbon framework of the polyoxomacrolide aglycones of methymycin, erythromycin A and B, picromycin and narbomycin. Stereoselective synthesis of methyl 2,4,7-trideoxy-2-C, 3-0, 4-C-tri-methyl-~-L-ido-heptopyranosid-6-ulose and methyl 2,6,7-trideoxy-2-C, 3-0, 4-C-trimethyl-a-D-glucoheptopyranoside, representing the 3-0-methyl and the 11-0-methyl derivatives of the C(1)-C(6) segment of erythronolides A and B and the C(9)-C(15) segment of erythronolide A, respectively, is described

    Energy-sector investments and legal (un)certainty

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    Π˜Π½Π²Π΅ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ Ρƒ сСктору Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π³Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ су ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΡ™ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ˜Π° Π·Π° Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡšΠ΅ саврСмСних Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΡ‚Π°Π²Π°. ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‡Π°ΡšΠ° Π”Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ³ свСтског Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π° јС ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρƒ Π΅Ρ‚Π°ΠΏΡƒ Ρƒ односима ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’Ρƒ Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π°ΠΌΠ°, ΡˆΡ‚ΠΎ сС Ρ€Π΅Ρ„Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ· ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€Π°Π½Π΅ СнСргСтскС односС ΠΈ ΡΠ°Ρ€Π°Π΄ΡšΡƒ. НСзаобилазан сСгмСнт Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ°Ρ€Π°Π΄ΡšΠ΅ Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»Π΅ су ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ Π½Π° СнСргСтском Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΆΠΈΡˆΡ‚Ρƒ. Π£ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎ са Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌ, Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π°Π·ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΎΡ˜Π° скупа ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° којим сС Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡˆΡƒ односи ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’Ρƒ страних инвСститора ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ›ΠΈΠ½Π° Ρƒ којима сС Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ˜Ρƒ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅, односно ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ инвСстиционог ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π° (international investment law). Од ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π²Π΅Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… Π·Π° Π΄ΠΈΡ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π½Ρƒ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ˜Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Ρƒ ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ страних ΡƒΠ»Π°Π³Π°Ρ‡Π°, свС вишС паТњС сС посвСћивало Ρ‚Π·Π². β€žΠΏΡƒΠ·Π°Ρ˜ΡƒΡ›ΠΎΡ˜ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ˜Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜ΠΈβ€œ (creeping expropriation) ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π° инвСститора. Основ Π·Π°ΡˆΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π° страних ΡƒΠ»Π°Π³Π°Ρ‡Π° сС ΠΏΡ€Π΅ свСга Π½Π°Π»Π°Π·ΠΈ Ρƒ Π±Ρ€ΠΎΡ˜Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π±ΠΈΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΠΌ споразумима ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡˆΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈ страних ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°, Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π°. Π¦ΠΈΡ™ Ρ€Π°Π΄Π° јС Π΄Π° ΡƒΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ΅ саврСмСнС ΠΈΠ·Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»Π΅Π΄Ρƒ Π·Π°ΡˆΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Π° ΠΈ полоТаја инвСститора Π½Π° СнСргСтском Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΆΠΈΡˆΡ‚Ρƒ, Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎ Ρƒ контСксту Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° којС сС Π΄Π΅ΡˆΠ°Π²Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ Ρƒ сСктору Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π³Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΎ процСса СнСргСтскС Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅, Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ саврСмСних ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΈΡ… односа ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’Ρƒ Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π°ΠΌΠ°.Investments in the energy sector are of crucial importance for the functioning of modern states and societies. The aftermath of World War II was marked by a new phase in relations between states, which was also reflected in intensified energy relations and cooperation. Investments in the energy market were an inevitable segment of such cooperation. Along with that, there is also the development of a set of rules that regulate relations between foreign investors and host countries in which investments are made, i.e., international investment law. From the initial risks related to the direct expropriation of the property of foreign investors, more and more attention was paid to the so-called "creeping" expropriation and other violations of investors' rights. The basis for the protection of the rights of foreign investors is primarily found in numerous bilateral and regional agreements on the protection of foreign investments, but also in other sources of law. The aim of the paper is to point out some contemporary challenges regarding the protection of investments and the position of investors in the energy market, especially in the context of radical changes taking place in the energy sector, as part of the energy transition process but also Π°s a result of contemporary political relations between states

    Challenges of post Cold War democratization and Serbia's position between Euro-Atlanticism and Neo-Eurasianism

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    ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ° Ρƒ овој ΡΡ‚ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ˜ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ сС ΠΈΠ·Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π° постхладноратовскС Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ Ρƒ контСксту Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ³ полоТаја Π‘Ρ€Π±ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’Ρƒ Π΅Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠ°Ρ‚Π»Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΅Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠ°Π·ΠΈΡ˜ΡΡ‚Π²Π°. Π˜ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π·ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ прСтпоставкС Π΄Π° сС Π½Π° процСс Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ Ρƒ Π‘Ρ€Π±ΠΈΡ˜ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ 1990. Π΄ΠΎ 2020. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°Π²Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡšΠ΅ интСрСса Π΅Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠ°Ρ‚Π»Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΅Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠ°Π·ΠΈΡ˜ΡΡ‚Π²Π°. ΠŸΡ€Π΅ΠΌΠ° Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ΅, Ρ†ΠΈΡ™ Ρ€Π°Π΄Π° јС Π°Ρ€Π³ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ објашњСњС ΡƒΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-послСдичних Π²Π΅Π·Π° спољних ΠΈ ΡƒΠ½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡˆΡšΠΈΡ… Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°, односно процСса Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ³ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°ΡšΠ° Π΅Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠ°Ρ‚Π»Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΅Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠ°Π·ΠΈΡ˜ΡΡ‚Π²Π° Π½Π° простору Π‘Ρ€Π±ΠΈΡ˜Π΅. Π£Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡˆΡšΠΈ аспСкт Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ сС постхладноратовскС Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ Π‘Ρ€Π±ΠΈΡ˜Π΅, која јС Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎ успоставила Π²ΠΈΡˆΠ΅ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΊΠΈ систСм 1990. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅, Π°Π»ΠΈ јС Π½Π° снази Π±ΠΈΠ»Π° Π°ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ€Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ˜Π°. Π£Π·Ρ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈ опстанка Π°ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡƒΡ˜Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Ρ™Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ ΠΈΠ·Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π΅ дСмократским ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠ° Ρƒ Π‘Ρ€Π±ΠΈΡ˜ΠΈ, Π΄ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡ˜ΠΈΡ… Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π°Π·ΠΈ Ρ˜Π΅Π΄Π½Ρƒ Π΄Π΅Ρ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ˜Ρƒ каснијС, 5. ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π° 2000. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅. Од Ρ‚Π°Π΄Π° Π΄ΠΎ 2012. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π±Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈ сС ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π° Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π° ΠΈ успон Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ˜Π΅. ΠœΠ΅Ρ’ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΠΌ, Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π°Ρ€Π°Π½ процСс Π΄ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Ρ™Π°Π²Π° ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ·Ρƒ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π°Π±Ρ™Π΅ΡšΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ 2012. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅, услСд слоТСних ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΈΡ… околности са којима су сС суочили ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ дСмократскС Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ Ρƒ Π‘Ρ€Π±ΠΈΡ˜ΠΈ. Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡ™Π½ΠΈ аспСкт ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ° Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ сС спољнополитичких Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° који су сС ΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° процСсС Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ Π‘Ρ€Π±ΠΈΡ˜Π΅. Π£ контСксту постхладноратовскС Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»Π½Π΅ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΈΠ· Π±ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Ρƒ ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌ, Π‘Ρ€Π±ΠΈΡ˜Π° сС суочила са Скономским, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΈΠΌ, дипломатским ΠΈ војним ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π²Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°ΠΌΠ° ΡˆΡ‚ΠΎ јој јС ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΆΠ°Π²Π°Π»ΠΎ спољнополитичку ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Ρƒ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΎ ΡƒΠ½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡˆΡšΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π΅. ΠŸΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ™Π½ΠΈΡ˜Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Π° Π±Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈ сС Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ дСмократских ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°, Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ›ΠΈ Π΄Π° јС Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π° изашла ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ СкономскС ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅, Π°Π»ΠΈ сС, ΡƒΠΏΠΎΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎ са Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌ, нашла ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ‚ ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡšΠ° Свропских ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°, статуса Косова ΠΈ ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ…ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Ρ€Π°Π΄ΡšΠ΅ са судом Ρƒ Π₯Π°Π³Ρƒ. НавСдСна ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡšΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π° су ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΡƒ сцСну Π‘Ρ€Π±ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ Π½Π° Π΅Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ СвроскСптикС, Π΄Π° Π±ΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ рускС Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ Ρƒ контСксту Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ°Π²Π°ΡšΠ° косовко-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ…ΠΈΡ˜ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡšΠ°, дошло Π΄ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ Π΅Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠ°Ρ‚Π»Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΅Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠ°Π·ΠΈΡ˜ΡΡ‚Π²Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ простору са ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°ΠΌΠ° Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡƒ процСса Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅.The subject of research in this study concerns the challenges of post-Cold War democratization in the context of Serbia's geopolitical position between Euro-Atlantism and Neo-Eurasianism. The research starts from the assumption that the process of democratization and the dynamics of political modernization in Serbia from 1990 to 2020 reflects the intertwining of the interests of Euro-Atlanticism and Neo-Eurasianism. Therefore, the goal of the paper is an argumentative explanation of the cause-and-effect relationships of external and internal factors, that is, the process of democratization and geopolitical competition between Euro-Atlanticism and Neo-Eurasianism on the territory of Serbia. The internal aspect of the analysis concerns the post-Cold War democratization of Serbia, which formally established a multi-party system in 1990, but authoritarian democracy was in force. The reasons for the survival of the authoritarian regime also present challenges to the democratic changes in Serbia, which took place one decade later, on October 5, 2000. From then until 2012, the modernization of state and social capacities and the rise of democracy were noted. However, democratization as a non-linear process experienced a crisis and weakened again after 2012, due to the complex political and geopolitical circumstances faced by the political and social actors of the democratic transition in Serbia. The external aspect of the research concerns the foreign policy factors that were reflected in the processes of democratization and modernization of Serbia. In the context of the post-Cold War global transition from bipolarism to unipolarism, Serbia faced economic, political, diplomatic and military interventions, which made its foreign policy position difficult and limited its internal political modernization capacities. A more favorable position was recorded after the democratic changes, since the country came out of political and economic isolation, but, at the same time, faced new challenges such as the issue of European integration, the status of Kosovo and Metohija, and the cooperation with the court in Hague. The aforementioned issues polarized the political scene of Serbia between Europragmatics and Eurosceptics, so that, after the activation of Russian diplomacy in the context of solving the Kosovo-Metohija issue, there would be a confrontation between Euro-Atlanticism and neo-Eurasianism in this area with implications for the dynamics of the democratization and modernization process

    The use of artificial intelligence in the Russo-Ukrainian war

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    The Russo-Ukrainian conflict, with its geopolitical importance, goes beyond regional borders, which is why it is inevitable that we talk about it as a conflict of global proportions. The direct and/or indirect involvement of numerous countries of the world in this conflict, especially in the form of military-technical, technological, economic and economic involvement, confirms the above. The focus of our work is the military-technical aspect, i.e., the use of artificial intelligence and its importance for the present and future of warfare. In the first part of the work, artificial intelligence is conceptually defined, and then the use of artificial intelligence in the military industry is elaborated, as well as its importance in changing the conventional way of warfare. Finally, the authors deal with the use of artificial intelligence in the Ukrainian war, in order to point to a new form of arms race

    ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Macrolide Antibiotics. Part 4. Stereoselective Syntheses of the 3-O-Methyl and the 11-O-Methyl Derivatives of the C(1)-C(6) Segment of Erythronolides A and B and the C(9)-C(15) Segment of Erythronolide A, Respectively.

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    By appropriate dissection of the macrocyclic lactone ring of methymycin erythromycins A and B, picromycin and narbomycin, carbohydrate-like structural segments were obtained. The finding that the anomeric configuration of a glycopyranoside effectively controls the stereochemistry of various addition reactions to sp\u27 (C=O and C=C) carbon atoms of a glycopranoside ring led to the development of a general stereoselective approach for the synthesis of the chiral carbon framework of the polyoxomacrolide aglycones of methymycin, erythromycin A and B, picromycin and narbomycin. Stereoselective synthesis of methyl 2,4,7-trideoxy-2-C, 3-0, 4-C-tri-methyl-~-L-ido-heptopyranosid-6-ulose and methyl 2,6,7-trideoxy-2-C, 3-0, 4-C-trimethyl-a-D-glucoheptopyranoside, representing the 3-0-methyl and the 11-0-methyl derivatives of the C(1)-C(6) segment of erythronolides A and B and the C(9)-C(15) segment of erythronolide A, respectively, is described

    A pool of nonpolysomal globin mRNAs in globin deficient reticulocytes of the anemic Belgrade rat

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    In anemia of the Belgrade rat ( b b) reticulocytes contain less than half of the normal amount of mRNA for seven adult rat globin chains. cDNA hybridization measurements of the relative sizes of polysomal and nonpolysomal pools of globin mRNAs in these cells show that 45% of all globin mRNA molecules are not used at any given time in protein synthesis. This implies a translational control which ensures a production of globin chains in a correct ratio despite a severe mRNA unbalance
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