Food for thought: obstacles to menu labelling in restaurants and cafeterias

Abstract Menu labelling is recommended as a policy intervention to reduce obesity and diet-related disease. The present commentary considers the many challenges the restaurant industry faces in providing nutrition information on its menus. Barriers include lack of nutrition expertise, time, cost, availability of nutrition information for exotic ingredients, ability to provide accurate nutrition information, libel risk, customer dissatisfaction, limited space on the menu, menu variations, loss of flexibility in changing the menu, staff training and resistance of employees to change current practice. Health promotion specialists and academics involved in fieldwork must help restaurateurs find solutions to these barriers for menu labelling interventions to be widely implemented and successful. Practical support for small independent restaurants such as free or subsidised nutrition analysis, nutrition training for staff and menu design may also be necessary to encourage voluntary participation

Evolução cronológica do conhecimento neuroanatômico

Desde a antiguidade, o pensamento científico evoluiu em fases e este artigo faz uma análise histórica sucinta sobre o avanço do conhecimento neuroanatômico. Assim, foi feita uma análise temporal que não somente permite uma descrição dessa evolução, bem como esclarece o modo e a profundidade com que as estruturas foram sendo compreendidas. A descrição das descobertas neuroanatômicas subdividida em quatro fases temporais distintas permitiu compreender a evolução do pensamento neurológico e as correlações existentes entre os relato

Draft Genome Sequencing and Comparative Analysis of Aspergillus sojae NBRC4239

We conducted genome sequencing of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus sojae NBRC4239 isolated from the koji used to prepare Japanese soy sauce. We used the 454 pyrosequencing technology and investigated the genome with respect to enzymes and secondary metabolites in comparison with other Aspergilli sequenced. Assembly of 454 reads generated a non-redundant sequence of 39.5-Mb possessing 13 033 putative genes and 65 scaffolds composed of 557 contigs. Of the 2847 open reading frames with Pfam domain scores of >150 found in A. sojae NBRC4239, 81.7% had a high degree of similarity with the genes of A. oryzae. Comparative analysis identified serine carboxypeptidase and aspartic protease genes unique to A. sojae NBRC4239. While A. oryzae possessed three copies of α-amyalse gene, A. sojae NBRC4239 possessed only a single copy. Comparison of 56 gene clusters for secondary metabolites between A. sojae NBRC4239 and A. oryzae revealed that 24 clusters were conserved, whereas 32 clusters differed between them that included a deletion of 18 508 bp containing mfs1, mao1, dmaT, and pks-nrps for the cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) biosynthesis, explaining the no productivity of CPA in A. sojae. The A. sojae NBRC4239 genome data will be useful to characterize functional features of the koji moulds used in Japanese industries

Reconhecimento e usos dos ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem pelos professores do curso de Direito da Unievangélica Campus Ceres-Go / Recognition and use of virtual learning environments by teachers of the Law course at the Unievangélica Ceres-Go Campus

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar dados sobre o uso das plataformas virtuais de aprendizagem pelos professores do Curso de Direito Campus Ceres durante os primeiros momentos do ensino remoto de emergência, destacando potencialidades e desafios diante das mudanças causadas pela pandemia em 2020. Destaca-se o reconhecimento da mudança, o uso do ambiente virtual de aprendizagem e de outras formas de ensino, as conduções e os esquemas de aprendizagem, voltados para continuidade dos trabalhos. Pretende-se entender que a nova modalidade de ensino muda a forma como os processos de aprendizagem devem ser postos diante das possibilidades didáticas

Characterization of Vulvodynia and Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes/Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders in Females

Current vulvodynia research emphasizes the devasting effect of vulvar pain on female’s lives compounded by lack of effective treatment methods. Treatment is largely based on findings from case and anecdotal reports with few interventional studies or fully powered randomized controlled trials. Our scoping literature review suggests that the first line of treatment should include therapies that are non-pharmacologic and least or minimally invasive, adding additional treatments as needed. Additional treatments for vulvodynia include multimodal physical therapy; acupuncture; intravaginal transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS); overnight 5% lidocaine ointment; oral desipramine with 5% lidocaine cream; intravaginal diazepam tablets with intravaginal TENS; botulinum toxin type A 50 units; and enoxaparin sodium subcutaneous injection. Central nervous system sensitization; exaggerated immune response from recurrent yeast infections; pelvic floor dysfunction; headaches and migraines; taking combined oral contraceptives; irritable bowel syndrome; and interstitial cystitis are thought to be associated with vulvodynia, but the precise nature of their relationship is unknown is unknown. Our research suggests that 50% of females with Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) have vulvodynia. Comparing females who have EDS and vulvodynia to females who have EDS but not vulvodynia, may help identify the characteristics that put females with EDS at higher risk for vulvodynia and identify new risk factors for vulvodynia that can be applied to the general population. Central nervous system sensitization and pelvic floor dysfunction increased the risk for vulvodynia. Exaggerated immune response and gastrointestinal conditions also increased a female’s risk for vulvodynia but not to the same extent. Based on the findings of our latent class analysis we hypothesize that there is a tipping point. Once a female’s allostatic load reaches a critical threshold they are at higher risk for vulvodynia. This tipping point may only be present in females that are predisposed to vulvodynia based on genetic make-up, but this is unknown. The tipping point can be reached with different patterns of stressors or comorbid conditions, with not all individual stressors contributing equally to the risk for developing vulvodynia. In this theory, if a female’s allostatic load recedes below the threshold for vulvodynia their symptoms may resolve