Bearing the Burdens of Their Elders: English-Canadian Children’s First World War Red Cross Work and Its Legacies

This article explores the untold history of English-Canadian children’s First World War work for the Canadian Red Cross Society. First it examines young people’s material and symbolic contributions, then follows the legacies of children’s war work through to the Second World War. It also highlights the connection between youthful war work and the interwar Junior Red Cross (focused on health, service, and citizenship). English-Canadian youth did not cause the conflict, but through their involvement with the Canadian Red Cross Society successive generations of them bore the war’s tangible and intangible burdens.Cet article s’intéresse à l'histoire inédite du travail des enfants canadiens-anglais au sein de la Société canadienne de la Croix-Rouge, durant la Grande Guerre. On examinera d'abord les contributions matérielles et symboliques des jeunes, puis nous en suivrons l’héritage jusqu’à la Seconde Guerre mondiale. L’article fait le lien entre les activités des jeunes de la Croix-Rouge dans l’entre deux-guerres (qui étaient surtout tournées vers la santé, le service, et la citoyenneté) et l’œuvre accomplie durant la Première Guerre. Ces jeunes n’avaient rien à voir avec le conflit, mais à travers leur implication au sein de la Croix-Rouge des générations successives ont continué à porter l’héritage de ce lourd passé

Soldiering On After the Armistice: Health, Work and Family in the Lives of Some Canadian Army Medical Corps Nurse Veterans

This article analyses the federal government pension files of forty Canadian women who nursed for the Canadian Army Medical Corps (CAMC), exploring aspects of their health, work and family lives in the decades immediately following the First World War. The sample exclusively features nurses with ties to the region of Southwestern Ontario but in demographic terms is also largely representative of the entire body of CAMC nurses. Collectively, the files depict nurse veterans who mobilized their medical knowledge and professional networks when faced with challenging health situations, pursued diverse postwar employment strategies, and in some cases played crucial roles in the financial support of their kin. Clearly, the First World War did not discriminate by gender when it came to casting a long shadow over the health, careers and family relationships of those who served

A Sisterhood of Suffering and Service: Writing Canadian and Newfoundland Women and Girls Back Into the First World War

Dr. Sarah Glassford teaches History at the University of Ottawa and Carleton University, and is co-editor (with Dr. Amy Shaw) of a volume of essays on the history of Canadian and Newfoundland women and girls during the First World War. Amy Shaw is interested in the connections between perceptions of gender and citizenship in wartime. She is the author of Crisis of Conscience: Conscientious Objection in Canada during the First World War and, with Sarah Glassford, editor of a collection examining the activities and representations of Canadian and Newfoundland girls and women during WWI

Defining the characteristics and expectations of fluid bolus therapy : A worldwide perspective

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to understand what clinicians believe defines fluid bolus therapy (FBT) and the expected response to such intervention. Methods: We asked intensive care specialists in 30 countries to participate in an electronic questionnaire of their practice, definition, and expectations of FBT. Results: We obtained 3138 responses. Despite much variation, more than 80% of respondents felt that more than 250 mL of either colloid or crystalloid fluid given over less than 30 minutes defined FBT, with crystalloids most acceptable. The most acceptable crystalloid and colloid for use as FBT were 0.9% saline and 4% albumin solution, respectively. Most respondents believed that one or more of the following physiological changes indicates a response to FBT: a mean arterial pressure increase greater than 10 mm Hg, a heart rate decrease greater than 10 beats per minute, an increase in urinary output by more than 10 mL/h, an increase in central venous oxygen saturation greater than 4%, or a lactate decrease greater than 1 mmol/L. Conclusions: Despite wide variability between individuals and countries, clear majority views emerged to describe practice, define FBT, and identify a response to it. Further investigation is now required to describe actual FBT practice and to identify the magnitude and duration of the physiological response to FBT and its relationship to patient-centered outcomes. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Defining the characteristics and expectations of fluid bolus therapy: a worldwide perspective

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to understand what clinicians believe defines fluid bolus therapy (FBT) and the expected response to such intervention. Methods: We asked intensive care specialists in 30 countries to participate in an electronic questionnaire of their practice, definition, and expectations of FBT. Results: We obtained 3138 responses. Despite much variation, more than 80% of respondents felt that more than 250 mL of either colloid or crystalloid fluid given over less than 30 minutes defined FBT, with crystalloids most acceptable. The most acceptable crystalloid and colloid for use as FBT were 0.9% saline and 4% albumin solution, respectively. Most respondents believed that one or more of the following physiological changes indicates a response to FBT: a mean arterial pressure increase greater than 10 mm Hg, a heart rate decrease greater than 10 beats per minute, an increase in urinary output by more than 10 mL/h, an increase in central venous oxygen saturation greater than 4%, or a lactate decrease greater than 1 mmol/L. Conclusions: Despite wide variability between individuals and countries, clear majority views emerged to describe practice, define FBT, and identify a response to it. Further investigation is now required to describe actual FBT practice and to identify the magnitude and duration of the physiological response to FBT and its relationship to patient-centered outcomes.Facultad de Ciencias Médica