Purificação e caracterização bioquímica de lipase extracelular produzida por uma nova linhagem de Rhizopus sp.

The present study had as a goal to purify and characterize the lipolytic fraction secreted by a strain of Rhizopus sp. Only 3 steps of purification were necessary to achieve SDS-PAGE homogeneity. One band with 37.5 KDa molecular mass and with 1446 U/mg specific activity was obtained. The purified fraction presented 2 lipase isoforms; both showed optimum activity at 50ºC, and were stable between 6.5 and 7.5 pH values and at temperatures below 50ºC and also kept their activity in hexane. The lipase was inactivated by Hg+2 and by n-bromosuccinimide and activated by Na+.O presente trabalho teve por objetivo purificar e caracterizar a fração lipolítica secretada por uma linhagem de Rhizopus sp. Apenas 3 etapas de purificação foram necessárias para alcançar homogeneidade em eletroforese de proteína desnaturada. Uma única banda com massa molecular de 37,5 KDa e atividade específica de 1446U/mg foi obtida. A fração purificada apresentou 2 isoformas de lipase, ambas com temperatura ótima de atividade igual a 50ºC, mantiveram-se estáveis entre valores de pH entre 6,5 e 7,5 e a temperaturas inferiores a 50ºC e mantiveram sua atividade na presença de hexano. A fração lipolítica foi inativada por Hg+ e por n-bromosuccinimida e ativada por Na+.494502Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Biosurfactants: properties and applications

Chemically synthesized surfactants are widely used for many purposes in almost every sector of modern industry. Surface-active compounds of biological origin (biosurfactants) have been gaining attention in recent years because of some advantages such as biodegradability, low toxicity, diversity of applications and functionality under extreme conditions. Microbial biosurfactants are useful in bioremediation of water and soil, enhanced oil recovery, and in many formulations of petrochemical, chemical, pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and textile industries. The importance of biosurfactants, their characteristics and industrial applications are discussed.77277

Some Nutritional, Technological and Environmental Advances in the Use of Enzymes in Meat Products

The growing consumer demand for healthier products has stimulated the development of nutritionally enhanced meat products. However, this can result in undesirable sensory consequences to the product, such as texture alterations in low-salt and low-phosphate meat foods. Additionally, in the meat industry, economical aspects have stimulated researchers to use all the animal parts to maximize yields of marketable products. This paper aimed to show some advances in the use of enzymes in meat processing, particularly the application of the proteolytic enzymes transglutaminase and phytases, associated with nutritional, technological, and environmental improvements

COMPOSTOS FENÓLICOS DO VINHO: ESTRUTURA E AÇÃO ANTIOXIDANTE

Este trabalho de revisão teve por objetivo investigar as propriedades biológicas dos compostos fenólicos presentes em vinhos tinto e branco. Foram abordadas a composição, a atividade antioxidante e a estrutura química dos compostos fenólicos (flavonóides e ácidos fenólicos). Concluiu-se que a capacidade antioxidante dos compostos fenólicos está diretamente ligada à sua estrutura química, a qual pode estabilizar radicais livres. A ingestão diária e moderada de vinho pode promover a saúde e prevenir o risco de incidência de doenças do coração e certos tipos de câncer. No entanto, não deve ser considerada como tratamento para pessoas que já desenvolveram essas enfermidades. WINE PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS: STRUCTURE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTION Abstract This review article had as objective to investigate the biological properties of the phenolic compounds present in white and red wine. The composition, antioxidant activity and chemical structure of the phenolic compounds (flavanoids and phenolic acids) were studied. It was concluded that the antioxadant capacity of the phenolic compounds is directed related to their chemical structure, which can stabilize free radicals. Daily and moderated ingestion of wine may promote health and prevent the risk of heart diesease incidence and certain types of cancer. However, it should not be considered as treatment for people who has already developed this diseases

Galactooligosacáridos: producción, beneficios para la salud, aplicación en alimentos y perspectivas

Synthesized from lactose transgalactosylation, galactooligosaccharides are non-digestible carbohydrates classified as prebiotic ingredients of high added value. Recently studies associate potential health benefits and disease prevention properties to these oligosaccharides. This review involves production aspects and physicochemical properties of these compounds, correlated to their physiological effects and application in food industry. It was also presented some of the physiological effect and the perspectives for these non-conventional sugars from current viewpoint.Sintetizados a partir de la transgalactosilación de la lactosa, los galactooligosacáridos son carbohidratos no digeribles, siendo clasificados como ingredientes prebióticos de alto valor añadido. Estudios recientes atribuyen a estos oligosacáridos una serie de potenciales beneficios para la salud y prevención de enfermedades. Esta revisión aborda aspectos de la producción de estos compuestos y sus propiedades físicas y químicas, relacionándolos con su aplicación en la industria alimentaria. Más aún, se presentan los efectos fisiológicos y las perspectivas previstas para estos azúcares no convencionales desde la situación actual

Produção biotecnológica de bioaromas e açúcares funcionais

Bioflavors and oligosaccharides are two classes of substances that may be produced biotechnologically through microbial bioprocesses. These compounds have attracted the interest of pharmaceutical and food industries not only due to their technological properties (sweetening/fiber or flavoring, respectively), but also as a consequence of other functional properties such as, for example, health promoting benefits. The use of agro-industrial residues as substrates in biotechnological processes seems to be a valuable alternative in helping to overcome the high manufacturing costs of industrial fermentations. This manuscript reviews the most important advances in biotechnological production of bioflavors and oligosaccharides. The use of some agro-industrial residues in such processes is also cited and discussed, showing that this is a rising trend in biotechnology.Bioaromas e oligossacarídeos são duas classes de substâncias que podem ser produzidas biotecnológicamente por meio de bioprocessos microbiológicos. Estes compostos têm atraído o interesse das indústrias farmacêutica e de alimentos não só devido às suas propriedades tecnológicas (adoçantes/fibras ou aromatizantes, respectivamente), mas também como consequência de outras propriedades funcionais como, por exemplo, benefícios na promoção da saúde. O uso de resíduos agroindustriais como substrato em processos biotecnológicos parece ser uma alternativa valiosa para superar os altos custos de manufatura envolvidos nas fermentações industriais. Este manuscrito faz uma revisão dos mais importantes avanços na produção biotecnológica de bioaromas e oligossacarídeos. O uso de alguns resíduos agroindustriais nestes processos também são citados e discutidos, mostrando que esta é uma tendência crescente na biotecnologia.071

Enzymatic synthesis of short chain citronellyl esters by a new lipase from Rhizopus sp

Short chain citronellyl esters were synthesized by a new microbial lipase from Rhizopus sp strain isolated and lipase produced at UNICAMP, Brazil. Direct esterification and transesterification reactions have been performed to produce citronellyl acetate and butyrate in a free-solvent system and with n-hexane in reaction medium. Reaction mixture for direct esterification and transesterification was carried out at 45ºC in equimolar concentration of substrates: acid or ester and alcohol. Only citronellyl butyrate was synthesized by direct esterification with yields from 95 to 100% after 24 hrs. of reaction time, with or without n-hexane. Citronellyl acetate was synthesized by transesterification with ethyl acetate and cytronellol, with yield of 58% after 48 hrs. and 48% of conversion for reaction butyl acetate and cytronellol. The results suggest that the size of the aliphatic chain from acyl donor was importance to conversion rate. Acids with more than two carbons showed to be better substrate for Rhizopus sp lipase. Transesterification reaction showed different behaviour, ester substrate with four carbons was better than six carbon for citronellyl acetate synthesis

Carotenoids: properties, applications and biotransformation in flavor compounds

Carotenoids are widely distributed in nature, providing yellow, orange or red color in a great number of vegetables, microorganisms and in some animals. Carotenoids act as biological antioxidants and seem to play an important role in human health by protecting cells and tissues from the damaging effects of free radicals and singlet oxygen. Several authors describe the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids in flavor compounds as occuring through chemical or photochemical degradations or through biotechnological processes. Biotransformation of carotenoids seems to be a reasonable alternative to produce flavor compounds since these compounds are considered 'natural' ingredients. In this work we describe the properties of some carotenoids, as well as biotechnological approaches to obtain its oxyfunctionalized derivatives.61662

The Use of Endophytes to Obtain Bioactive Compounds and Their Application in Biotransformation Process

Endophytes are microorganisms that reside asymptomatically in the tissues of higher plants and are a promising source of novel organic natural metabolites exhibiting a variety of biological activities. The laboratory of Bioaromas (Unicamp, Brazil) develops research in biotransformation processes and functional evaluation of natural products. With the intent to provide subsidies for studies on endophytic microbes related to areas cited before, this paper focuses particularly on the role of endophytes on the production of anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant compounds and includes examples that illustrate their potential for human use. It also describes biotransformation as an auspicious method to obtain novel bioactive compounds from microbes. Biotransformation allows the production of regio- and stereoselective compounds under mild conditions that can be labeled as “natural,” as discussed in this paper