Nanofibers in Cosmetics

Nanofibers form the broadest class of nanomaterials due to their unique properties. High surface-area-to-volume ratios, low diameters, high strength values, low basis weights, high porosities, and small pore sizes make them good candidates for numerous applications. Cosmetics are one of these important application areas. Excellent interaction with environment (e.g., skin or damaged tissue), increased loading capacity for agents, high liquid absorption capacities, high oxygen, and water vapor permeability values are provided by characteristic properties of nanofibers. They are used as therapeutics, facial masks, skin care, and renewal products. This chapter will provide an overview of nanofibers in cosmetics. A brief history of cosmetics, different types of nanomaterials used in cosmetics, nanofiber properties, and production methods are described in this chapter. Novel applications of nanofibers in cosmetics are also mentioned

Primjena mikroalgi u proizvodnji probiotičkih sireva u salamuri

In this study, the effects of Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis fortification on the microbiological, physicochemical and antioxidative properties of probiotic white cheese during storage were investigated. Thereby six groups of white cheese samples were manufactured as follows WC (Control), LAC (Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5), CWC (C. vulgaris), SWC (A. platensis), CLAC (C. vulgaris + Lb. acidophilus LA-5) and SLAC (A. platensis + Lb. acidophilus LA-5). The viability of Lb. acidophilus for SLAC sample remained almost constant during storage (>7 log cfu/g) while physicochemical properties of samples showed significant differences (P7 log cfu/g), dok su za fizikalno-kemijske parametre utvrđene statistički značajne razlike (P<0.01). U uzorku oznake CLAC utvrđene su povišene vrijednosti za koncentraciju proteina, Ca, P, K, Mg i Zn, no najviše vrijednosti koncentracije Fe su utvrđene u uzorcima oznake SLAC. Uzorci sireva obogaćenih mikroalgama imali su više vrijednosti antioksidacijskog kapaciteta određenog pomoću DPPH 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) radikala i CUPRAC (sposobnost redukcije iona bakra) metodom, kao i veće udjele ukupnih fenola. U skladu sa svim navedenim, obogaćivanje sireva u salamuri s oba soja ispitivanih mikroalgi rezultiralo je poboljšanim nutritivnim i antioksidativnim svojstvima sireva, te povećalo preživljavanje probiotičkih bakterija

Phenolic content and biological activities of Lycium barbarum L (Solanaceae) fruits (Goji berries) cultivated in Konya, Turkey

Purpose: To evaluate the phenolic content and biological activities of Lycium barbarum fruits cultivated in Turkey.Methods: Phenolic compounds in the water and methanol extracts of the fruits were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide radical scavenging activities and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the fruits. The  acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity of the fruits was evaluated by Ellman assay.Results: LC-MS/MS results showed that all the extracts contained phenolic compounds including flavonoids, phenolic acids, anthocyanins and  polyphenols. Some anthocyanins, namely, cyanidin-3-Oglucoside, cyanidin chloride, pelargonin chloride, pelargonidin chloride, and pelargonidin-3-0-glucoside were identified in the fruits for the first time. Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside were the main anthocyanins in the water extract with levels of 119.60 ± 12.04 and 1112.25 ± 125.40 mg/kg, respectively. The results indicated that the extracts possessed good radical scavenging and ferric-reducing activities.Conclusion: The results show that Lycium barbarum cultivated in Konya is a good source of the phenolic compounds, and thus may be exploited for commercial production of the antioxidants.Keywords: Lycium barbarum, Goji berries, Antioxidant activity, Acetylcholinesterase, Flavonoid

Interference of tonic muscle activity on the EEG: a single motor unit study

The electrical activity of muscles can interfere with the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal considering the anatomical locations of facial or masticatory muscles surrounding the skull. In this study, we evaluated the possible interference of the resting activity of the temporalis muscle on the EEG under conventional EEG recording conditions. In 9 healthy adults EEG activity from 19 scalp locations and single motor unit (SMU) activity from anterior temporalis muscle were recorded in three relaxed conditions; eyes open, eyes closed, jaw dropped. The EEG signal was spike triggered averaged (STA) using the action potentials of SMUs as triggers to evaluate their reflections at various EEG recording sites. Resting temporalis SMU activity generated prominent reflections with different amplitudes, reaching maxima in the proximity of the recorded SMU. Interference was also notable at the scalp sites that are relatively far from the recorded SMU and even at the contralateral locations. Considering the great number of SMUs in the head and neck muscles, prominent contamination from the activity of only a single MU should indicate the susceptibility of EEG to muscle activity artifacts even under the rest conditions. This study emphasizes the need for efficient artifact evaluation methods which can handle muscle interference

Evaluation of some physical and tensile properties of commercial surgical masks

In this study, the performance characteristics of various surgical masks have been examined. Several physical properties, such as air permeability, tensile strength, and calculated surface porosity of 8 commercial 3-layer surgical masks, with all spunbonded layers and meltblown middle layer, have been determined and then compared. The production type of the nonwoven layer is effective on the air permeability values, and the values of the spunbonded masks are found higher than the masks containing a meltblown layer. The air permeability of the latter masks varies with the weight per unit area of the meltblown layer. Moreover, calculated porosities of the spunbonded masks are higher than those of the others. The influence  of meltblown layers is found effective on the tensile strength values in machine direction

Sound absorption characteristics of nanofibre web coated foams

Sound absorption properties of polyamide 6 (PA6) nanofibre webs and a widely used sound absorption foam coated with nanofibre webs have been investigated. Initial studies have focused on the electrospinning by using PA6 polymer to obtain uniform and bead-free nanofibres. Thereafter, nanofibres are electrospun on an absorption foam through two spinning durations of 10 h and 20 h. Thicknesses, mass per unit area values, porosities, pore sizes, and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller surface areas of the webs are determined. At characterization stage, sound absorption coefficients of pure nanofibre webs, pure foam, and foams enhanced with nanofibre webs are measured by acoustic impedance tube method. Noise reduction coefficients (NRC) are also calculated. Sound absorption coefficients at 6400 Hz are observed as 0.76 and 0.74 for nanofibre webs electrospun during 10 h and 20 h respectively. The NRC values are found as 0.189, 0.197 and 0.192 for pure foam sample and nanofibre webs electrospun during 10 h and 20 h respectively. Overall results of the study indicate that moderate mid-high frequency sound absorption and noise reduction coefficients are obtained by using the nanofibre web coated foams.

Evaluation of some physical and tensile properties of commercial surgical masks

125-130In this study, the performance characteristics of various surgical masks have been examined. Several physical properties, such as air permeability, tensile strength, and calculated surface porosity of 8 commercial 3-layer surgical masks, with all spunbonded layers and meltblown middle layer, have been determined and then compared. The production type of the nonwoven layer is effective on the air permeability values, and the values of the spunbonded masks are found higher than the masks containing a meltblown layer. The air permeability of the latter masks varies with the weight per unit area of the meltblown layer. Moreover, calculated porosities of the spunbonded masks are higher than those of the others. The influence of meltblown layers is found effective on the tensile strength values in machine direction

Preventing Crime and Terrorist Activities with a New Anomaly Detection Approach Based on Outfit

Video surveillance systems play an important role in ensuring security indoors and outdoors and detecting suspicious persons due to the increasing violence and terrorist acts every year. In the proposed study, an artificial intelligence-based warning system has been developed, which enables the detection of potential suspects who may carry out criminal or terrorist activities by detecting anomalies in surveillance videos. In this developed system, an abnormality is detected by using the outfits of the people. The YOLOv7 object detection model is trained on our customized data sets, and suspicious person detection is made through outfit information. Especially in cases where biometric data is hidden, dress information makes it easier to obtain information about people. For this reason, the knowledge of outfits is the main point of this study in the detection of suspicious persons. Thanks to this study, security guards will be able to focus on this suspicious person before they pre-empt any crime or terrorist activity. If there are other data confirming the suspicious situation as a result of this follow-up; security personnel will have time to eliminate the crime or attack. The experimental results obtained have been promising in terms of the usability of a person's outfit anomalies to ensure public confidence or avoid risk to human life. Although there are various studies in the literature for the prevention of terrorist or criminal activities; there is no study in which people's outfit is used to identify suspects

Chiropractic manipulation increases maximal bite force in healthy individuals

Recent research has shown that chiropractic spinal manipulation can alter central sensorimotor integration and motor cortical drive to human voluntary muscles of the upper and lower limb. The aim of this paper was to explore whether spinal manipulation could also influence maximal bite force. Twenty-eight people were divided into two groups of 14, one that received chiropractic care and one that received sham chiropractic care. All subjects were naive to chiropractic. Maximum bite force was assessed pre- and post-intervention and at 1-week follow up. Bite force in the chiropractic group increased compared to the control group (p = 0.02) post-intervention and this between-group difference was also present at the 1-week follow-up (p &lt; 0.01). Bite force in the chiropractic group increased significantly by 11.0% (&plusmn;18.6%) post-intervention (p = 0.04) and remained increased by 13.0% (&plusmn;12.9%, p = 0.04) at the 1 week follow up. Bite force did not change significantly in the control group immediately after the intervention (&minus;2.3 &plusmn; 9.0%, p = 0.20), and decreased by 6.3% (&plusmn;3.4%, p = 0.01) at the 1-week follow-up. These results indicate that chiropractic spinal manipulation can increase maximal bite force