Forme processuali nella poesia italiana contemporanea: dal «gabbione» al piccolo schermo

The present article aims to dwell on the evolution of judicial process forms in contemporary Italian poetry through the analysis and comparison of three poems that chronologically cover a century: L’Incendiario [The Firefighter] (1910) by Aldo Palazzeschi, Il giudice [The Judge] (1963) by Mario Luzi and Piccola anamnesis dell’insonnia [Little Anamnesis of Insomnia] (2008) by Carlo Bordini. The use of the dialogical expedient that associates the three texts allows us to measure the distance between the model of communication in court (Galatolo 2002) and the lyrical episodes that refer to it, declining it in various forms: it is highlighted, in particular, how the representation of the process is dislocated in increasingly private and virtual places: from the «central square | of the town» (Palazzeschi) to the bedroom (Bordini), in line with a progressive disqualification of the judicial institution and its highest representative, the judge

Alberto Comparini, Un genere letterario in diacronia. Forme e metamorfosi del dialogo nel Nove-cento.

Recensione a Comparini, Alberto. Un genere letterario in diacronia. Forme e metamorfosi del dialogo nel Novecento. Edizioni Fiorini, 2018

L'apocalisse dialogica. Forme e funzioni degli scambi di battute nella poesia italiana del Novecento

La tesi è dedicata allo studio dei dialoghi (scambi di battute diretti) presenti nei libri di poesia italiani del Novecento. Lo scopo che ha guidato il lavoro è stato quello di comprendere e definire il funzionamento di un dispositivo finora mai indagato in modo sistematico, tanto dal punto di vista teorico quanto dal punto di vista stilistico-espressivo. L’analisi delle interazioni verbali ha portato a emergenza il fenomeno cha ha dato il titolo alla ricerca: con apocalisse dialogica ci si riferisce al fatto che l’espediente del dialogo emerga per indicare il fallimento stesso della comunicazione, nella misura in cui gli attori esercitano i rapporti in modo patologico e pragmaticamente disfunzionale. La funzione anti-dialogica agisce su livelli plurimi: strutturale (un esempio è il fenomeno del salto di turno), pragmatico (come le risposte con domanda di rimando, che di fatto non rispondono), del contenuto (si tratta, in particolare, della tendenza a battere su argomenti intrattabili, uno su tutti la morte), e relazionale (lo scambio si costituisce nel segno della conflittualità e della disconferma). Il lavoro si divide in quattro macro-parti, per un totale di dodici capitoli: nella prima parte (capitoli 1-3), di carattere teorico-metodologico, vengono sviluppate alcune riflessioni generali sul rapporto tra dialogato e non-dialogato all’interno di un testo lirico, sugli attori del discorso diretto (anche in rapporto al soggetto dell’enunciazione) e sulle forme della relazione interlocutiva (capitolo 1); in seguito, viene presentato il concetto che dà il titolo al lavoro (capitolo 2) e individuato un modello di dialogo ideale (ossia finito e funzionale) su cui misurare la distanza teorica dagli episodi lirici del Novecento (capitolo 3). Le tre parti successive sono cronologicamente ripartite: la seconda parte (capitoli 4-5) considera gli autori novecenteschi che hanno contribuito alla fondazione della lingua dell’anti-dialogo (Pascoli e Gozzano); la terza parte (capitoli 6-9) si concentra sul ‘boom dialogico’ degli anni Sessanta (Luzi, Sereni, Montale, Fortini); la quarta e ultima parte (capitoli 10-12) su tre campioni di fine secolo (De Angelis, Bordini, Cavalli). Per l’analisi si è seguito un criterio trans-disciplinare: gli strumenti tradizionali della stilistica, della retorica e della pragmatica sono stati integrati con quelli di discipline che si collocano nell’orizzonte della Filosofia e delle Scienze sociali; apporti fondamentali sono venuti dal repertorio concettuale delle teorie costruttiviste-costruzioniste (in particolare la Positioning Theory di Luk van Langenhove e Rom Harré), dalla teoria patica dell’enunciazione di Francesco La Mantia, dalla filosofia dell’intersoggettività, dall’interazionismo sociale di Erving Goffman e dalla psicoanalisi lacaniana; i fenomeni dialogici della lirica sono stati dunque trattati e classificati in un’intersezione disciplinare e secondo un criterio funzionale, cercando di comprenderne gli effetti e i ruoli (le forme e le funzioni) nel sistema poetico di ciascun autore. Infine, il lavoro di ricognizione e campionatura si protende verso un progetto più ampio, che supera i confini della poesia italiana del Novecento in direzione di una teoria lirica del dialogo.The thesis is dedicated to the study of the dialogues present in the books of Italian poetry of the twentieth century. The aim that guided the work was to understand and define the operation of a device never investigated in a systematic way, both from the theoretical point of view and from the stylistic-expressive point of view. The analysis of verbal interactions has led to the emergence of the phenomenon that gave the title to the research: dialogical apocalypse refers to the fact that the expedient of dialogue emerges to indicate the very failure of communication, to the extent that the actors carry out relationships in a pathological and pragmatically dysfunctional manner. The anti-dialogical function acts on multiple levels: structural (for example, by skipping a turn), pragmatical (as the answers that do not respond), thematic (in particular, the tendency to return to intractable topics, such as death), and relational (the exchange is constituted in conflict and antagonism). The work is divided into four macro-parts, for a total of twelve chapters: the first theoretical-methodological part (chapters 1-3) develops some general reflections on the relationship between dialogue and non-dialogued in a lyrical text, on the actors of direct speech (also in relation to the lyrical subject) and the forms of the relationship between the partners (chapter 1); later, we present the concept of dialogical apocalypse (chapter 2), and we identify an ideal model of dialogue (chapter 3), (i.e. finished and functional) on which to measure the theoretical distance from the lyrical episodes of the twentieth century. The next three parts are divided chronologically: the second part (chapters 4-5) considers the twentieth-century authors who contributed to the foundation of the language of anti-dialogue (Pascoli and Gozzano); the third part (chapters 6-9) focuses on the ‘dialogue boom’ of the sixties (Luzi, Sereni, Montale, Fortini); the fourth and final part (chapters 10-12) on three end-of-the-century cases (De Angelis, Bordini, Cavalli). For the analysis, we have followed a trans-disciplinary criterion: the traditional instruments of stylistics, rhetoric and pragmatics were integrated with those of disciplines that fit into the horizon of Philosophy and Social Sciences; fundamental contributions came from the conceptual repertoire of constructivist-constructionist theories (in particular the Positioning Theory of Luk van Langenhove and Rom Harré), from the pathic theory of the enunciation of Francesco La Mantia, from the philosophy of intersubjectivity, the social interactionism of Erving Goffman and Lacanian psychoanalysis; The dialogical phenomena have been treated and classified in a disciplinary intersection and according to a functional criterion, trying to understand the forms and the functions in the poetic system of each author. Finally, the research leans towards a larger project, which goes beyond the boundaries of twentieth-century Italian poetry in the direction of a lyrical theory of dialogue

Perspectivas de reaproveitamento de celulose bacteriana de kombucha por hidrólise enzimática para obtenção de açúcares

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro Tecnológico. Engenharia de Alimentos.A kombucha é uma bebida adocicada à base de chá fermentado, e uma cultura simbiótica de bactérias e leveduras (SCOBY) é responsável pelo processo de fermentação. O aumento global da produção de kombucha vem crescendo a um CAGR (taxa de crescimento anual composta) de 22,5%, e consequentemente a produção de celulose bacteriana aumenta. Com isso, boa parte do SCOBY é descartado inadequadamente, fazendo com que cientistas busquem alternativas para o reaproveitamento do biofilme. Neste trabalho, foi feito um levantamento das principais alternativas que estão sendo estudadas para o SCOBY, como aplicação na indústria alimentícia, indústria têxtil e da moda, engenharia de tecidos e aplicações biomédicas. O presente trabalho propõe como alternativa a hidrólise enzimática da celulose bacteriana de kombucha para obtenção de açúcares. O SCOBY, concedido pela indústria Pod Kombucha, foi seco e purificado para análises. Concluiu-se que a matéria prima se trata de uma celulose do tipo I e com uma cristalinidade alta de 88,27%. Os produtos da hidrólise da celulose bacteriana realizada em três diferentes concentrações 2%, 3% e 4% (m/v) foram analisados em HPLC. Os resultados mostraram que, a partir da celulose de kombucha, pode-se obter celobiose e glicose, com concentrações iguais a 11,28 g/L e 3,55 g/L, respectivamente, após 72 h de reação a 4% (m/v) de celulose bacteriana. Apesar de uma produção de açúcares satisfatória, a conversão da celulose foi baixa (34,78%) em 4% (m/v) de celulose bacteriana, sendo o maior rendimento em 2% (m/v) (40,44%). Apesar disso, a celulose bacteriana de kombucha apresentou potencial para a produção de açúcares, principalmente celobiose que pode ser usado como agente prebiótico.Kombucha is a sweet fermented tea-based drink, and a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) is responsible for the fermentation process. The global increase in kombucha production is growing at a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of 22.5%, and consequently bacterial cellulose production increases. As a result, much of the SCOBY is inappropriately discarded, causing scientists to look for alternatives to reuse the biofilm. In this work, a survey was made of the main alternatives that are being studied for SCOBY, such as application in the food industry, textile and fashion industry, tissue engineering and biomedical applications. The present work proposes as an alternative the enzymatic hydrolysis of bacterial cellulose from kombucha to obtain sugars. The SCOBY, awarded by the Pod Kombucha industry, was dried and purified for analysis. It was concluded that the raw material is a type I cellulose with a high crystallinity of 88.27%. The products of bacterial cellulose hydrolysis performed at three different concentrations 2%, 3% and 4% (w/v) were analyzed on HPLC. The results showed that, from kombucha cellulose, cellobiose and glucose can be obtained, with concentrations equal to 11.28 g/L and 3.55 g/L, respectively, after 72 h of reaction at 4% (w /v) of bacterial cellulose. Despite a satisfactory sugar production, the cellulose conversion was low (34.78%) at 4% (w/v) of bacterial cellulose, with the highest yield at 2% (w/v) (40.44%). Despite this, bacterial cellulose from kombucha showed potential for the production of sugars, mainly cellobiose, which can be used as a prebiotic agent

CAD Aspects on Isogeometric Analysis and Hybrid Domains

This thesis is the result of a Ph.D. program in Alto Apprendistato carried out at the Dipartimento di Informatica - Scienza e Ingegneria (DISI) of the University of Bologna and at the company devDept Software. With regard to the professional side of my Individual Training Project, I developed technical and scientific skills in 3D geometry of curves and surfaces, CAD, and Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Regarding the academic side, I investigated CAD aspects in the field of Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) on both single and hybrid multipatch physical domains. Simulations are performed in classical FEA systems, which require the conversion of designs, made by CAD systems, into finite element meshes. IGA is a new approach that aims to unify the worlds of CAD and FEA by using the same geometry for analysis as what is used for modeling. That is, the same set of basis functions are adopted both to describe the computational geometry in the CAD tool, and to span the solution space for FEA. The traditional FEA pipeline works on meshes and the most advanced IGA systems work on NURBS or T-spline geometries. Hybrid geometric models (i.e., models in which mesh and NURBS entities coexist), are an emergent way to represent a solid object, but in most CAD systems mesh and NURBS geometries cannot interact with each other, and conversions to a common representation are often needed. In this thesis, we investigate how IGA can be applied on 2D and 3D hybrid models made by both mesh and NURBS entities without requiring laborious and time consuming conversion processes

Evaluation of the relationships between computed tomography features, pathological findings, and rrognostic risk assessment in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Objectives The aim of this study was to correlate computed tomography (CT) findings with pathology in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Methods A retrospective evaluation of CT images of 44 patients with GISTs was performed. Computed tomography findings analyzed were location, size, margins, degree and pattern of contrast enhancement, angiogenesis, necrosis, signs of invasion, peritoneal effusion, peritoneal implants, surface ulceration, and calcifications. Associations between CT features and mitotic rate, Miettinen classes of risk, lesions size, and among CT features were investigated. χ 2 Test and Fisher test were performed. Results Mitotic rate was associated with margins (P = 0.016) and with adjacent organ invasion (P = 0.043). Pattern of contrast enhancement (P = 0.002), angiogenesis (P = 0.006), necrosis (P = 0.006), invasion of adjacent organs (P = 0.011), and margins (P = 0.006) were associated with classes of risk. Several associations (P < 0.05) between lesion size and CT features and among all the investigated CT features were found. Conclusions Computed tomography features could reflect GIST biology being associated with the mitotic rate and with classes of risk

3D printable device for automated operant conditioning in the mouse

Operant conditioning is a classical paradigm and a standard technique used in experimental psychology in which animals learn to perform an action in order to achieve a reward. By using this paradigm, it is possible to extract learning curves and measure accurately reaction times. Both these measurements are proxy of cognitive capabilities and can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions in mouse models of disease. Here we describe a fully 3D printable device that is able to perform operant conditioning on freely moving mice, while performing real-time tracking of the animal position. We successfully trained 6 mice, showing stereotyped learning curves that are highly reproducible across mice and reaching more than 70% of accuracy after two days of conditioning. Different products for operant conditioning are commercially available, though most of them do not provide customizable features and are relatively expensive. This data demonstrate that this system is a valuable alternative to available state-of-the-art commercial devices, representing a good balance between performance, cost, and versatility in its use.Significance Statement 3D printing is a revolutionary technology that combines cost-effectiveness with an optimal trade off between standardization and customization. Here we show a device that performs operant conditioning in mice using largely 3D printed parts. This tool can be employed to test learning and memory in models of disease. We expect that the open design of the chamber will be useful for scientific teaching and research as well as for further improvements from the open hardware community

Clinical management of metastatic colorectal cancer in the era of precision medicine

Immunotherapy; Metastatic colorectal cancer; Precision medicineInmunoterapia; Cáncer colorrectal metastásico; Medicina de precisiónImmunoteràpia; Càncer colorectal metastàtic; Medicina de precisióColorectal cancer (CRC) represents approximately 10% of all cancers and is the second most common cause of cancer deaths. Initial clinical presentation as metastatic CRC (mCRC) occurs in approximately 20% of patients. Moreover, up to 50% of patients with localized disease eventually develop metastases. Appropriate clinical management of these patients is still a challenging medical issue. Major efforts have been made to unveil the molecular landscape of mCRC. This has resulted in the identification of several druggable tumor molecular targets with the aim of developing personalized treatments for each patient. This review summarizes the improvements in the clinical management of patients with mCRC in the emerging era of precision medicine. In fact, molecular stratification, on which the current treatment algorithm for mCRC is based, although it does not completely represent the complexity of this disease, has been the first significant step toward clinically informative genetic profiling for implementing more effective therapeutic approaches. This has resulted in a clinically relevant increase in mCRC disease control and patient survival. The next steps in the clinical management of mCRC will be to integrate the comprehensive knowledge of tumor gene alterations, of tumor and microenvironment gene and protein expression profiling, of host immune competence as well as the application of the resulting dynamic changes to a precision medicine-based continuum of care for each patient. This approach could result in the identification of individual prognostic and predictive parameters, which could help the clinician in choosing the most appropriate therapeutic program(s) throughout the entire disease journey for each patient with mCRC.Fortunato Ciardiello was supported by a grant from Regione Campania (I-Cure Research Project Cup 21C17000030007). Andres Cervantes was supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI18/01909 and PI21/00689). Fortunato Ciardiello reports institutional research grants from Amgen, Merck KGaA, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Roche, and Servier; and service on advisory boards for Bayer, Merck KGaA, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Pierre Fabre, Roche, and Servier outside the submitted work. Davide Ciardiello reports a travel grant from Sanofi outside the submitted work. Stefania Napolitano reports honoraria from Bristol Myers Squibb and Novartis outside the submitted work. Josep Tabernero reports advisory board or scientific consultancy fees from Array Biopharma, AstraZeneca, Avvinity, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chugai, Daiichi-Sankyo, Roche, Genentech, HalioDX SAS, Hutchison MediPharma International, Ikena Oncology, Inspirna Inc, IQVIA, Lilly, Menarini, Merck KGaA, Merus, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Mirati, Neophore, Novartis, Ona Therapeutics, Orion Biotechnology, Peptomyc, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Samsung Bioepis, Sanofi, Seattle Genetics, Scandion Oncology, Servier, SotioBiotech, Taiho, Tessa Therapeutics, and TheraMyc outside the submitted work. Andres Cervantes reports institutional research grants from Genentech, Merck KGaA, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Roche, Beigene, Bayer, Servier, Lilly, Novartis, Takeda, Astellas, Takeda, and Fibrogen; and honoraria or speaker’s fees from Amgen, Merck KGaA, Roche, Bayer, Servier, and Pierre Fabre outside the submitted work. Giulia Martini reports no conflicts of interest

Receptor tyrosine kinase-dependent PI3K activation is an escape mechanism to vertical suppression of the EGFR/RAS/MAPK pathway in KRAS-mutated human colorectal cancer cell lines

Colorectal cancer; Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); MAPK pathwayCàncer colorectal; Receptor epidèrmic de factor del creixement (EGFR); Via MAPKCáncer colorrectal; Receptor epidérmico de factor del crecimiento (EGFR); Vía MAPKBACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that the combination of an anti-Epidermal growth factor (EGFR) and a MEK-inhibitor is able to prevent the onset of resistance to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in KRAS-wild type colorectal cancer (CRC), while the same combination reverts anti-EGFR primary resistance in KRAS mutated CRC cell lines. However, rapid onset of resistance is a limit to combination therapies in KRAS mutated CRC. METHODS: We generated four different KRAS mutated CRC cell lines resistant to a combination of cetuximab (an anti-EGFR antibody) and refametinib (a selective MEK-inhibitor) after continuous exposure to increasing concentration of the drugs. We characterized these resistant cell lines by evaluating the expression and activation status of a panel of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and intracellular transducers by immunoblot and qRT-PCR. Oncomine comprehensive assay and microarray analysis were carried out to investigate new acquired mutations or transcriptomic adaptation, respectively, in the resistant cell lines. Immunofluorescence assay was used to show the localization of RTKs in resistant and parental clones. RESULTS: We found that PI3K-AKT pathway activation acts as an escape mechanism in cell lines with acquired resistance to combined inhibition of EGFR and MEK. AKT pathway activation is coupled to the activation of multiple RTKs such as HER2, HER3 and IGF1R, though its pharmacological inhibition is not sufficient to revert the resistant phenotype. PI3K pathway activation is mediated by autocrine loops and by heterodimerization of multiple receptors. CONCLUSIONS: PI3K activation plays a central role in the acquired resistance to the combination of anti-EGFR and MEK-inhibitor in KRAS mutated colorectal cancer cell lines. PI3K activation is cooperatively achieved through the activation of multiple RTKs such as HER2, HER3 and IGF1R