The Militarization of Soviet Youth

With this ideological rationalization, Naval Commissar Trotsky dismissed objections of doubters who feared that Komsomol patronage activities in the Red Navy would lead to the undesirable spread of militaristic attitudes. During the Civil War era there were still Bolsheviks who did not realize the possible implications of Lenin\u27s armed proletariat, and hoped there would soon be no need for a militarized society

Storage of Sperm in the Reptilian Oviduct

Female reptiles have the ability to store sperm within their reproductive tracts for extended periods of time. Sites of sperm storage in lizards and snakes include both the anterior vagina and the infundibulum. Vaginal receptacles are found in between longitudinal folds (snakes) and in tubules formed by invaginations of the epithelium (lizards). Infundibular receptacles are alveolar or tubular in structure and are formed from invaginations into the lamina propria of the oviduct wall. In turtles, sperm are stored in the posterior portion of the tuba, in tubular albumen-secreting glands. Sperm may be embedded within the cells of the receptacles, but the membranes of each remain intact. The morphology of the receptacles is characteristic of the normal glands of the area

Requsition form signed by States Rights Gist

Requisition form signed by States Rights Gist which records the aquisition of muskets, bayonets, and assorted accessories and weapons. Dated February 15th, 1862 in Charleston, S.C.https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/littlejohnmss/1159/thumbnail.jp

Estrogen-Dependent Expression and Subcellular Localization of the Tight Junction Protein Claudin-4 in HEC-1A Endometrial Cancer Cells

Endometrial cancer is the most common female reproductive cancer in the United States and is associated with deregulated tight junction protein expression. Given the highly estrogen-responsive nature of this tissue, we investigated the effects of estrogen and its agonist, 4-OH TAM, on the expression and subcellular localization of the tight junction protein claudin-4 (CLDN-4), in HEC-1A endometrial cancer cells. In untreated HEC-1A cells, we observed dramatic overexpression of claudin-4 protein. In addition, differential detergent extraction analysis indicated that claudin-4 was localized primarily in the membrane but also found in the cytosolic, nuclear and cytoskeletal fractions. Upon exposure of HEC-1A to estradiol (E2), we observed a biphasic effect both on the overall expression of claudin-4 protein and on its cytosolic and cytoskeletal presence as demonstrated by immunoblot analysis. Immunofluorescence analysis also revealed a biphasic effect of E2 on claudin-4 expression. In contrast, we observed no changes in expression levels nor in the subcellular distribution patterns of claudin-4 in HEC-1A cells treated with different concentrations of 4-OH TAM. The intracellular presence of CLDN-4 coupled with the biphasic effects of E2 on CLDN-4 expression in the cytoskeleton suggest that this protein may be involved in cell signaling to and from TJs

Women reporting sport: Still a man’s game?

While it is generally known that sports journalism is an area of gender disparity, no major academic study has established the proportion of women sports writers in the UK press. Although female sports broadcasters have increased their visibility in the United Kingdom, the same is not true in the print media. This research first examines the current visibility of women sports journalists in the national UK press, by counting by-lines according to gender. Second, a study explores if the 2012 London Olympic Games had any effect on the proportion of female sports writers in the UK press, by comparing sports by-lines in a sample 6 months before and after the games. Furthermore, these results are compared to a decade earlier to see if the situation has improved. The findings indicate that the proportion of female sports writers in the UK press is lower than in comparable countries, with little improvement over time

Pulmonary artery interventions after Norwood procedure: Does type or position of shunt predict need for intervention?

ObjectivesPulmonary artery stenosis is a potential complication after Norwood palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. It is unclear whether the shunt type or position in the Norwood procedure is associated with the risk of the development of pulmonary artery stenosis. We examined the risk of pulmonary artery stenosis and the need for pulmonary artery intervention in children undergoing the Norwood procedure with either the right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit or modified Blalock-Taussig shunt.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of all patients who underwent the Norwood procedure from January 1, 2003, to September 1, 2011. The data from 100 patients were reviewed, including catheterization and echocardiographic data, right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit (n = 67, right shunt position in 17 and left in 50), and right ventricle to pulmonary artery (n = 33). The primary outcome measure was the need for operative or catheter-based pulmonary artery intervention.ResultsNo patients in the right ventricle to pulmonary artery group required catheterization-based pulmonary artery interventions. Surgical pulmonary arterioplasty was performed frequently and equally in both the right ventricle to pulmonary artery and right ventricle to pulmonary artery groups at the bidirectional Glenn procedure. Catheter-based pulmonary arterioplasty was performed more frequently in the right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit group, especially when the conduit was positioned to the right side of the neoaorta. These patients had a 12.73 increased odds of a pulmonary artery intervention compared with the left to right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit (P = .04).ConclusionsConsistent with a previous multicenter randomized trial, patients who received a right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit versus a right ventricle to pulmonary artery have a greater risk of requiring pulmonary artery interventions. Patients with right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit placement to the right underwent a greater number of pulmonary artery interventions but demonstrated overall improved growth of the branch pulmonary arteries compared with the patients receiving a left-sided right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit

Acute Kidney Injury and Fluid Overload in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery

Purpose of review: Acute kidney injury (AKI) and fluid overload affect a large number of children undergoing cardiac surgery, and confers an increased risk for adverse complications and outcomes including death. Survivors of AKI suffer long-term sequelae. The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the short and long-term impact of cardiac surgery associated AKI and fluid overload, currently available tools for diagnosis and risk stratification, existing management strategies, and future management considerations. Recent findings: Improved risk stratification, diagnostic prediction tools and clinically available early markers of tubular injury have the ability to improve AKI-associated outcomes. One of the major challenges in diagnosing AKI is the diagnostic imprecision in serum creatinine, which is impacted by a variety of factors unrelated to renal disease. In addition, many of the pharmacologic interventions for either AKI prevention or treatment have failed to show any benefit, while peritoneal dialysis catheters, either for passive drainage or prophylactic dialysis may be able to mitigate the detrimental effects of fluid overload. Summary: Until novel risk stratification and diagnostics tools are integrated into routine practice, supportive care will continue to be the mainstay of therapy for those affected by AKI and fluid overload after pediatric cardiac surgery. A viable series of preventative measures can be taken to mitigate the risk and severity of AKI and fluid overload following cardiac surgery, and improve care

Adherence to Daily Weights and Total Fluid Orders in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Background: Fluid is central to the resuscitation of critically ill children. However, many pay limited attention to continued fluid accumulation. Fluid overload (FO) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The Volume Status Awareness Program (VSAP) is a multi-phase quality improvement initiative aimed at reducing iatrogenic FO. For baseline data, the authors examined a retrospective cohort of patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. Methods: Cohort included diuretic-naive patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit at a tertiary care children's hospital in 2014. Furosemide-exposure was used to indicate provider-perceived FO. Variables included daily weight and total fluid (TF) orders, and their timing, frequency, and adherence. Implementation of VSAP phase 1 (bundle of interventions to promote consistent use of patient weights) occurred in June 2017. Results: Forty-nine patients met criteria. Five (10%) had daily weight orders, and 41 (84%) had TF orders-although 7 of these orders followed furosemide administration. Adherence to TF orders was good with 32 (78%) patients exceeding TF limits by 5% FO by day 1, and 22 (51%) had > 10% cumulative FO by day 3. Following phase 1 of the VSAP, the frequency of daily weight orders increased from 6% to 88%. Conclusions: In our institution, use of fluid monitoring tools is both inconsistent and infrequent. Early data from the VSAP project suggests simple interventions can modify ordering and monitoring practice, but future improvement cycles are necessary to determine if these changes are successful in reducing iatrogenic FO