Registration of Births and Induced Abortions in the Nordic Countries

All the five Nordic countries have a long tradition in health statistics and health monitoring. The cornerstone of the national health information systems is register information. There are, for example, complete population-based registration of births and deaths, cancers, hospital care, and medication (Cappelen and Lysol 2004, Gissler and Haukka. 2004, Mortensen 2004, Otterblad Olausson et al. 2004). The main prerequisites for a functioning register system are its completeness and high quality. These are facilitated by the Nordic legislation allowing mandatory reporting from public and private sector without informed consent and the existence of unique person identity number system

First Amendment Rights As Applied to the High School Press.

First Amendment rights as applied to the high school press is an unsettled area of constitutional law. The courts must focus upon five key topics when hearing student press cases. These include: (1) public v. private institutions; (2) reasons for controlling student expression; (3) type and distribution form of student publications; (4) attempted method of controlling expression; and (5) publication established as public forum. The implication of publication guidelines is an important procedural safeguard. However, they must be written concisely and specifically in order to avoid vagueness and overbreadth. Prior review and prior restraint techniques as means of censoring the high school press have resulted in mixed opinions from various courts. And the age of high school journalists is another factor adding to the confusion of student press rights. Guidelines define the rights, restriction, and responsibilities of the student journalists, publications advisor, and school administrators. The existence and enforcement of guidelines should help to settle many First Amendment disagreements outside of the courtroom. Student press rights is a complicated subject. But, as student journalist’s and school administrators become more knowledgeable about constitutional guarantees, hopefully there will be a better understanding of issues in the area of First Amendment rights applied to the high school press

Monitoring of IVF birth outcomes in Finland: a data quality study

BACKGROUND: The collection of information on infertility treatments is important for the surveillance of potential health consequences and to monitor service provision. STUDY DESIGN: We compared the coverage and outcomes of IVF children reported in aggregated IVF statistics, the Medical Birth Register (subsequently: MBR) and research data based on reimbursements for IVF treatments in Finland in 1996–1998. RESULTS: The number of newborns were nearly equal in the three data sources (N = 4331–4384), but the linkage between the MBR and the research data revealed that almost 40% of the reported IVF children were not the same individuals. The perinatal outcomes in the three data sources were similar, excluding the much lower incidence of major congenital anomalies in the IVF statistics (157/10 000 newborns) compared to other sources (409–422/10 000 newborns). CONCLUSION: The differences in perinatal outcomes in the three data sets were in general minor, which suggests that the observed non-recording in the MBR is most likely unbiased

Soome tervise- ja sotsiaalregistrid ning epidemioloogilised uuringud*

Soomes võeti isikukoodisüsteem kasutusele 1964. aastal ja pärast seda kanti isikukood peaaegu kõikidesse administratiivregistritesse. Praegu kehtivad Soomes ranged andmekaitseseadused, mis keelustavad delikaatse tervise- ja sotsiaalinfo kogumise. Terviseandmeid, mis sisaldavad isikut tuvastavaid tunnuseid, võib koguda patsientide või klientide informeeritud nõusoleku korral või eriseaduste alusel. Eesti Arst 2004; 83 (8): 543–55

The impact of parental employment trajectories on children’s early adult education and employment trajectories in the finnish birth cohort 1987

The Finnish Birth Cohort 1987 grew up during the recession that hit Finland in the early 1990s, which had an impact on their parents’ activity in the labour market. In this paper we use Finnish register data to build employment and education sequences for all young people born in Finland in 1987 for the period 2005–2012 and employment sequences for all their parents for the entire length of their children’s lives from 1987 until 2012. The sequences were analysed and clustered, and four multinomial logistic regression models were used to find how parents’ trajectories connect to their children’s early adulthood trajectories. Most parents had been on a stable employment trajectory, but we found mothers and fathers who were absent from the labour market during the recession of the 1990s and after it – and some parents never entirely returned to work during this 1987–2012 follow-up. Likewise, most children were either on an employment or education trajectory, but we found groups of children who were on very early child care trajectories, unemployment trajectories, or on a trajectory with no records in the Finnish registers, which in the Finnish context implies that those young people are not employed, not in education and not receiving any of the various benefits. Disadvantageous trajectories were mostly very lasting. We found strong connections between parents’ disadvantages in the labour market and children’s disadvantageous early adulthood trajectories, even when adjusting for strong background variables. The strongest connections arise from parents’ long absences from the labour market.</p

Vaaralliset eläimet

English summaryPeer reviewe

Breaking the myth : the association between the increasing incidence of labour induction and the rate of caesarean delivery in Finland - a nationwide Medical Birth Register study

Objectives To determine the association between the rate of labour induction and caesarean delivery. Design Medical Birth Register-based study. We used data from the nationwide Medical Birth Register collecting data on delivery outcomes on all births from 22+0 weeks and/or birth weight of at least 500 g. Setting Finland. Participants 663 024 live births in Finland from 2008 to 2019. Main outcome measures The rates of labour induction and caesarean delivery. Results The rate of labour induction increased from 17.8% to 30.3%; p Conclusions The 70% increase in the rate of labour induction in Finland has not led to a significant increase in the rate of caesarean delivery, which has remained one of the lowest in the world. Pregnant women in Finland are more frequently obese, older and diagnosed with gestational diabetes, which may partly explain the increase in the rate of labour induction.Peer reviewe

Risk factors for adverse outcomes in vaginal preterm breech labor

cited By 0Purpose To assess the risk factors for adverse outcomes in attempted vaginal preterm breech deliveries. Methods A retrospective case-control study, including 2312 preterm breech deliveries (24 + 0 to 36 + 6 gestational weeks) from 2004 to 2018 in Finland. The preterm breech fetuses with adverse outcomes born vaginally or by emergency cesarean section were compared with the fetuses without adverse outcomes with the same gestational age. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the risk factors for adverse outcomes (umbilical arterial pH below 7, 5-min Apgar score below 4, intrapartum stillbirth and neonatal death <28 days of age). Results Adverse outcome in vaginal preterm breech delivery was associated with maternal obesity (aOR 32.19, CI 2.97-348.65), smoking (aOR 2.29, CI 1.12-4.72), congenital anomalies (aOR 4.50, 1.56-12.96), preterm premature rupture of membranes (aOR 1.87, CI 1.00-3.49), oligohydramnios (28-32 weeks of gestation: aOR 6.50, CI 2.00-21.11, 33-36 weeks of gestation: aOR 19.06, CI 7.15-50.85), epidural anesthesia in vaginal birth (aOR 2.44, CI 1.19-5.01), and fetal growth below the second standard deviation (28-32 weeks of gestation: aOR 5.89, CI 1.00-34.74, 33-36 weeks of gestation: aOR 12.27, CI 2.81-53.66). Conclusion The study shows that for each subcategory of preterm birth, there are different risk factors for adverse neonatal outcomes in planned vaginal breech delivery. Due to the extraordinary increased risk of adverse outcomes, we would recommend a planned cesarean section in very preterm breech presentation (28 + 0 to 32 + 6 weeks) with severe maternal obesity, oligohydramnios, or fetal growth restriction and in moderate to late preterm breech presentation (33 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks) with oligohydramnios or fetal growth restriction.Peer reviewe