Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Caracterização populacional de duas espécies de Characiformes migradores a partir dos dados de desembarques em duas cidades de médio porte da Amazônia Central.

Os Characiformes migradores são o grupo mais importante na pesca de água doce da Amazônia, concentrando a maior parte da produção desembarcada nos centros urbanos regionais (IBAMA, 2005). Os desembarques de três espécies: tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) e curimatã (Prochilodus nigricans) corresponderam a 19,1% no ano de 2005 (IBAMA, 2007). Dentre estas espécies, a de maior valor comercial é o tambaqui, que já apresenta claros sinais de sobre-pesca, com declínio substancial nos desembarques desde a década passada e redução acentuada no comprimento médio dos peixes capturados (Freitas et al, 2007). Em estudos de dinâmica de populações de peixes, nota-se que o crescimento e a mortalidade interagem de tal forma que, se o crescimento contribui para a abundância de espécies, fazendo com que ela atinja a fase de reprodução em um dado momento e entre no ciclo reprodutivo, a mortalidade controla a abundância dessa espécie (Nikolskii 1969). Dessa forma, as informações sobre os parâmetros de crescimento e mortalidade são informações importantes sobre uma população explotada e constituem a base para a aplicação de modelos de avaliação de estoques. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho é o de obter informações sobre crescimento e mortalidade de três espécies de characiformes: tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) e curimatã (Prochilodus nigricans), a partir de dados de desembarque em duas cidades do Estado do Amazonas, relacionando-os com aspectos de crescimento com o intuito de subsidiar a elaboração e a implementação de políticas públicas para o manejo pesqueiro dessas espécies na Amazônia.FAPEA

Intra- and inter-annual changes in the condition factors of three Curimatidae detritivores from Amazonian floodplain lakes

The flood pulse is a key factor that drives the biota of large rivers with adjacent floodplains, but the direction and intensity of its effects are not uniform for all trophic guilds of fish. In this study, we tested the existence of intra- and inter-annual changes in the relative condition factors (kn) of three Curimatidae: Potamorhina altamazonica, Potamorhina latior, and Psectrogaster rutiloides. We used weight and length data from fish that were caught in eight floodplain lakes of the Rio Solimões. These data were from experimental fisheries during each season of the hydrological cycle: flooding, flood, drying, and dry from 2004, 2005, and 2006. In general, there are similar patterns of intra-annual changes for these three species, with the highest estimates of kn during high water conditions. The lowest values were observed during the drying and dry seasons of 2005, when an extreme drought occurred in the Amazon basin. Higher values were observed during the same seasons in the year post-drought. We hypothesized that these patterns would be explained by the biological characteristics of these species and the effects of intra-annual hydrological changes, mainly the flood pulse effect, and by inter-annual climatic events, which are determined by global climate phenomena

AS POLÍTICAS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO RURAL SUSTENTÁVEL NO ACRE EM MEIO AO PROCESSO DE GLOBALIZAÇÃO

Este trabalho trata sobre as políticas de desenvolvimento rural realizadas no Acre e a correlação destas políticas com a sustentabilidade em meio ao processo de globalização. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar se a política de desenvolvimento rural denominada Pólos Agroflorestais efetivamente se enquadra nos pressupostos do desenvolvimento sustentável. Para esse trabalho, buscaremos compor o contexto em que essas políticas foram implementadas no estado do Acre. A guisa de uma conclusão, acreditamos que os Pólos Agroflorestais só podem representar alternativas de desenvolvimento sustentável nesta sociedade globalizada se o desenvolvimento por ele proposto contemplar em plenitude os aspetos econômicos, sociais, ambientais e político-institucionais, garantindo a reprodução social das famílias.------------This paper deals with the policies of rural development held in Acre and the correlation of these policies with sustainability in half the process of globalization. The objective of this work is to examine whether the policy of rural development called Poles Agroflorestais actually fits in the assumptions of sustainable development. For this work, buscaremos composing the context in which these policies were implemented in the state of Acre. The way of a conclusion, we believe that the Poles Agroflorestais can only represent alternatives for sustainable development in this globalized society is the development proposed by him include in the fullness aspects economic, social, environmental and political-institutional, ensuring social reproduction of families

Association of CSSM066 and ILSTS011 microsatellite markers and thyroglobulin gene SNP with backfat in Canchim cattle

Canchim, a synthetic breed of cattle derived from the Charolais and Zebu group has been used in the beef-cattle industry in Brazil as an alternative for intensifying production. One of the main concerns with this breed is its poor fat deposition and consequently, there is an effort to increase the performance for this trait. The thyroglobulin gene is located in a QTL region for fat deposition, and reports describe the influence of a polymorphism in the 5´ leader sequence of that gene on marbling and subcutaneous fat thickness. This study analyzed the association of this polymorphism in the thyroglobulin gene, as well as of two flanking microsatellite markers, CSSM066 and ILSTS011, with backfat thickness in 987 Canchim beef cattle. The CSSM066 and ILSTS011 microsatellite markers have a effect on fat thickness in the studied populations. However, this trait did not have association with the polymorphism of the thyroglobulin gene, which suggests that other genes of bovine chromosome 14 may be responsible for the variation in this trait.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Association of CSSM066 and ILSTS011 microsatellite markers and thyroglobulin gene SNP with backfat in Canchim cattle

Canchim, a synthetic breed of cattle derived from the Charolais and Zebu group has been used in the beef-cattle industry in Brazil as an alternative for intensifying production. One of the main concerns with this breed is its poor fat deposition and consequently, there is an effort to increase the performance for this trait. The thyroglobulin gene is located in a QTL region for fat deposition, and reports describe the influence of a polymorphism in the 5´ leader sequence of that gene on marbling and subcutaneous fat thickness. This study analyzed the association of this polymorphism in the thyroglobulin gene, as well as of two flanking microsatellite markers, CSSM066 and ILSTS011, with backfat thickness in 987 Canchim beef cattle. The CSSM066 and ILSTS011 microsatellite markers have a effect on fat thickness in the studied populations. However, this trait did not have association with the polymorphism of the thyroglobulin gene, which suggests that other genes of bovine chromosome 14 may be responsible for the variation in this trait

Congress of Chemical Biology and Symposium of Biological Sciences Department

Essa publicação é a compilação dos resumos científicos apresentados no "III Congresso do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Química e IV Simpósio do Departamento de Ciências Biológicas"Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES