Cooperative cooling in a one-dimensional chain of optically bound cold atoms

We discuss theoretically the optical binding of one-dimensional chains of cold atoms shone by a transversepump, where particles self-organize to a distance close to an optical wavelength. As the number of particlesis increased, the trapping potential increases logarithmically as the contributions from all atoms add upconstructively. We identify a cooperative cooling mechanism, due to the mutual exchange of photons betweenatoms, which can beat the spontaneous emission for chains that are long enough. Surprisingly, the cooling isoptimal very close to the resonance. This peculiar cooling mechanism thus gives new insights into the cooperativephysics of low-dimensional cold atom systems

Conceptualisation of the three-dimensional matrix of collaborative knowledge barriers

[EN] Nowadays, collaborative knowledge management (CKM) is well accepted as a decisive asset in the field of networked enterprises and supply chains. However, few knowledge management initiatives have been performed successfully because, in most cases, the barriers that hinder the CKM process are unknown and misunderstood. Currently, the research reveals different uni- and bi-dimensional barriers' classifications, however multi-dimensional approaches provide a better view of the complexity in the area of CKM. Therefore, this paper proposes the three-dimensional matrix of collaborative knowledge barriers taking into account: (i) perspectives; (ii) levels and (iii) barriers blocks to provide a reference way to audit the CKM barriers, and thus, in further research, focus on the corrections and adjustments to guarantee the success while implementing a CKM project.Sanchis, R.; Sanchis Gisbert, MR.; Poler, R. (2020). 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Dyke or pipe? Contributions of magnetic fabrics to the reconstruction of the geometry of an eroded subvolcanic body (Cadí basin, Pyrenees)

The reconstruction of the geometry of igneous bodies in inverted basins is often a difficult task, because most of their volume can be either below or above the topographic surface. Indirect methods, such as the determination of their internal fabric can give clues to constrain geometrical reconstructions. The Sant Salvador intrusion, located in the Late Carboniferous-Permian Cadí basin (Central-Eastern Pyrenees), is a good example for testing the application of magnetic fabrics to shallow igneous bodies because of (i) its characteristics in terms of crystal composition/orientation, showing a homogeneous petrofabric controlled by plagioclase crystals 0.4 mm in size, (ii) its good, though partial, preservation, (iii) its position in the stratigraphical succession, between volcaniclastic sediments and unconformably overlying red beds, and (iv) the many unknown factors related to the intrusion, including the geometry of the body and its depth and the amount of erosion after intrusion. Furthermore, the Sant Salvador intrusion provides opportunity for checking the correspondence between the petrofabric and the magnetic fabrics when the magnetic carriers of susceptibility (with an average value of 5217·10−6 SI) are mainly ferromagnetic. In this case the main magnetic carriers are magnetite and also hematite, the latter resulting from oxidation processes at the paleosurface. The results of Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility show a bimodality in the K1 disposition after bedding restitution: vertical in the deeper areas of the intrusion and subhorizontal, E-W, in the uppermost stratigraphic positions with an intermediate necking zone in which transition from vertical to horizontal flow is interpreted to occur. Bands deflecting the mineral foliation at the micro scale have also a tectonic or thermal origin but do not seem to interfere with the magnetic ellipsoid axes. Columnar jointing is interpreted to be parallel to the long axis of the intrusion (and therefore to magma flow, and perpendicular to the paleosurface. All these features indicate that the Sant Salvador intrusion can be interpreted as a subvertical pipe feeding a sill that was eroded before the sedimentation of the overlying red beds

Overexpression of BvHb2, a Class 2 Non-Symbiotic Hemoglobin from Sugar Beet, Confers Drought-Induced Withering Resistance and Alters Iron Content in Tomato

[EN] Drought stress is one of the major threats to agriculture and concomitantly to food production. Tomato is one of the most important industrial crops, but its tolerance to water scarcity is very low. Traditional plant breeding has a limited margin to minimize this water requirement. In order to design novel biotechnological approaches to cope with this problem, we have screened a plant cDNA library from the halotolerant crop sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) for genes able to confer drought/osmotic stress tolerance to the yeast model system upon overexpression. We have identified the gene that encodes BvHb2, a class 2 non-symbiotic hemoglobin, which is present as a single copy in the sugar beet genome, expressed mainly in leaves and regulated by light and abiotic stress. We have evaluated its biotechnological potential in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and found that BvHb2 is able to confer drought and osmotic stress tolerance. We also generated transgenic lines of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) overexpressing BvHb2 and found that the resulting plants are more resistant to drought-induce withering. In addition, transgenic lines overexpressing BvHb2 exhibit increased levels of iron content in leaves. Here, we show that class 2 non-symbiotic plant hemoglobins are targets to generate novel biotechnological crops tolerant to abiotic stress. The fact that these proteins are conserved in plants opens the possibility for using Non-GMO approaches, such as classical breeding, molecular breeding, or novel breeding techniques to increase drought tolerance using this protein as a target.This project was funded by the project PAID-00-10 "Introduccion De Genes Relacionados Con La Tolerancia A Estres Hidrico Y Oxidativo En Distintos Materiales Que Presentan Caracteristicas Utiles Para Su Uso Como Patrones De Plantas Horticolas De Interes Agronomico". (Ref. 2726) from the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.Gisbert Domenech, MC.; Timoneda, A.; Porcel, R.; Ros, R.; Mulet, JM. (2020). Overexpression of BvHb2, a Class 2 Non-Symbiotic Hemoglobin from Sugar Beet, Confers Drought-Induced Withering Resistance and Alters Iron Content in Tomato. Agronomy. 10(11):1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111754S1171011Mahajan, S., & Tuteja, N. (2005). Cold, salinity and drought stresses: An overview. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 444(2), 139-158. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2005.10.018Sinclair, T. R. (2011). Challenges in breeding for yield increase for drought. Trends in Plant Science, 16(6), 289-293. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2011.02.008Burke, M., & Emerick, K. (2016). Adaptation to Climate Change: Evidence from US Agriculture. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 8(3), 106-140. doi:10.1257/pol.20130025Zaveri, E., Russ, J., & Damania, R. (2020). Rainfall anomalies are a significant driver of cropland expansion. 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Multimode collective scattering of light in free space by a cold atomic gas

We have studied collective recoil lasing by a cold atomic gas, scattering photons from an incident laser into many radiation modes in free space. The model consists of a system of classical equations for the atomic motion of N atoms where the radiation field has been adiabatically eliminated. We performed numerical simulations using a molecular dynamics code pepc (Pretty Efficient Parallel Coulomb Solver) to track the trajectories of the atoms. These simulations show the formation of an atomic density grating and collective enhancement of scattered light, both of which are sensitive to the shape and orientation of the atomic cloud. In the case of an initially circular cloud, the dynamical evolution of the cloud shape plays an important role in the development of the density grating and collective scattering. The ability to use efficient molecular dynamics codes will be a useful tool for the study of the multimode interaction between light and cold gases

Efecto de dosis de acido polimaleico en la estabilidad estructural de suelos salinos.

Se estudió el efecto de distintas dosis de ácido polimaleico sobre la estabilidad estructural de tres tipos de suelos salinos. Se separaron los agregados naturales que pasaron por el tamiz de 4,00 mm y quedaron retenidos en el tamiz de 2,00 mm, se aplicaron dosis de ácido polimaleico de 0,5, 10 y 15 L/ha sobre los agregados. Cada 30 dias se determinó la distribución de agregados estables y el porcentage de arcilla dispersa en agua. Para los tres tipos de suelos las dosis más elevadas presentaron un mayor aumento del diámetro medio ponderado de los agregados y mayor reducción del porcentaje de arcilla dispersa en agua

Stochastic heating and self-induced cooling in optically bound pairs of atoms

The light scattered by cold atoms induces mutual optical forces between them, which can lead to bound states. In addition to the trapping potential, this light-induced interaction generates a velocity-dependent force which damps or amplifies the stretching vibrational mode of the two-atom "molecule." This velocity-dependent force acts on time scales much longer than the mode period or the dipole dynamics, determining the true stability of the bound state. We show that, for two atoms, the stochastic heating due to spontaneous emission always exceeds the bounding effect, so pairs of cold atoms cannot be truly stable without an extra cooling mechanism

Ultrasound intensification of Ferrochelatase extraction from pork liver as a strategy to improve ZINC-protoporphyrin formation

[EN] The enzyme Ferrochelatase (FeCH), which is naturally present in pork liver, catalyses the formation of Zincprotoporphyrin (ZnPP), a natural pigment responsible for the typical color of dry-cured Italian Parma ham. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using high power ultrasound in continuous and pulsed modes to intensify the extraction of the enzyme FeCH from pork liver. US application during FeCH extraction led to an improved enzymatic activity and further increase in the formation of ZnPP. The optimal condition tested was that of 1 min in continuous US application, in which time the enzymatic activity increased by 33.3 % compared to conventional extraction (30 min). Pulsed US application required 5 min treatments to observe a significant intensification effect. Therefore, ultrasound is a potentially feasible technique as it increases the catalytic activity of FeCH and saves time compared to the conventional extraction methodThe authors acknowledge the financial support from the "Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) and Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)" in Spain (Project RTA2017-00024-C04-03). The authors acknowledge the contribution of the undergraduate student Jose V. Pedrero-Gonzalez to the experimental work.Abril-Gisbert, B.; Sanchez-Torres, E.; Bou, R.; Garcia-Perez, J.; Benedito Fort, JJ. (2021). Ultrasound intensification of Ferrochelatase extraction from pork liver as a strategy to improve ZINC-protoporphyrin formation. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 78:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105703S177