8,992 research outputs found
Ludics and its Applications to natural Language Semantics
Proofs, in Ludics, have an interpretation provided by their counter-proofs,
that is the objects they interact with. We follow the same idea by proposing
that sentence meanings are given by the counter-meanings they are opposed to in
a dialectical interaction. The conception is at the intersection of a
proof-theoretic and a game-theoretic accounts of semantics, but it enlarges
them by allowing to deal with possibly infinite processes
A feasible algorithm for typing in Elementary Affine Logic
We give a new type inference algorithm for typing lambda-terms in Elementary
Affine Logic (EAL), which is motivated by applications to complexity and
optimal reduction. Following previous references on this topic, the variant of
EAL type system we consider (denoted EAL*) is a variant without sharing and
without polymorphism. Our algorithm improves over the ones already known in
that it offers a better complexity bound: if a simple type derivation for the
term t is given our algorithm performs EAL* type inference in polynomial time.Comment: 20 page
Variation of the Diameter of the Sun as Measured by the Solar Disk Sextant (SDS)
The balloon-borne Solar Disk Sextant (SDS) experiment has measured the
angular size of the Sun on seven occasions spanning the years 1992 to 2011. The
solar half-diameter -- observed in a 100-nm wide passband centred at 615 nm --
is found to vary over that period by up to 200 mas, while the typical estimated
uncertainty of each measure is 20 mas. The diameter variation is not in phase
with the solar activity cycle; thus, the measured diameter variation cannot be
explained as an observational artefact of surface activity. Other possible
instrument-related explanations for the observed variation are considered but
found unlikely, leading us to conclude that the variation is real. The SDS is
described here in detail, as is the complete analysis procedure necessary to
calibrate the instrument and allow comparison of diameter measures across
decades.Comment: 41 pages; appendix and 2 figures added plus some changes in text
based on referee's comments; to appear in MNRA
Polarization state of the optical near-field
The polarization state of the optical electromagnetic field lying several
nanometers above complex dielectric structures reveals the intricate
light-matter interaction that occurs in this near-field zone. This information
can only be extracted from an analysis of the polarization state of the
detected light in the near-field. These polarization states can be calculated
by different numerical methods well-suited to near--field optics. In this
paper, we apply two different techniques (Localized Green Function Method and
Differential Theory of Gratings) to separate each polarisation component
associated with both electric and magnetic optical near-fields produced by
nanometer sized objects. The analysis is carried out in two stages: in the
first stage, we use a simple dipolar model to achieve insight into the physical
origin of the near-field polarization state. In the second stage, we calculate
accurate numerical field maps, simulating experimental near-field light
detection, to supplement the data produced by analytical models. We conclude
this study by demonstrating the role played by the near-field polarization in
the formation of the local density of states.Comment: 9 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Improving Fiber Alignment in HARDI by Combining Contextual PDE Flow with Constrained Spherical Deconvolution
We propose two strategies to improve the quality of tractography results
computed from diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) data. Both
methods are based on the same PDE framework, defined in the coupled space of
positions and orientations, associated with a stochastic process describing the
enhancement of elongated structures while preserving crossing structures. In
the first method we use the enhancement PDE for contextual regularization of a
fiber orientation distribution (FOD) that is obtained on individual voxels from
high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) data via constrained
spherical deconvolution (CSD). Thereby we improve the FOD as input for
subsequent tractography. Secondly, we introduce the fiber to bundle coherence
(FBC), a measure for quantification of fiber alignment. The FBC is computed
from a tractography result using the same PDE framework and provides a
criterion for removing the spurious fibers. We validate the proposed
combination of CSD and enhancement on phantom data and on human data, acquired
with different scanning protocols. On the phantom data we find that PDE
enhancements improve both local metrics and global metrics of tractography
results, compared to CSD without enhancements. On the human data we show that
the enhancements allow for a better reconstruction of crossing fiber bundles
and they reduce the variability of the tractography output with respect to the
acquisition parameters. Finally, we show that both the enhancement of the FODs
and the use of the FBC measure on the tractography improve the stability with
respect to different stochastic realizations of probabilistic tractography.
This is shown in a clinical application: the reconstruction of the optic
radiation for epilepsy surgery planning
Kinematics in Kapteyn's Selected Area 76: Orbital Motions Within the Highly Substructured Anticenter Stream
We have measured the mean three-dimensional kinematics of stars in Kapteyn's
Selected Area (SA) 76 (l=209.3, b=26.4 degrees) that were selected to be
Anticenter Stream (ACS) members on the basis of their radial velocities, proper
motions, and location in the color-magnitude diagram. From a total of 31 stars
ascertained to be ACS members primarily from its main sequence turnoff, a mean
ACS radial velocity (derived from spectra obtained with the Hydra multi-object
spectrograph on the WIYN 3.5m telescope) of V_helio = 97.0 +/- 2.8 km/s was
determined, with an intrinsic velocity dispersion sigma_0 = 12.8 \pm 2.1 km/s.
The mean absolute proper motions of these 31 ACS members are mu_alpha cos
(delta) = -1.20 +/- 0.34 mas/yr and mu_delta = -0.78 \pm 0.36 mas/yr. At a
distance to the ACS of 10 \pm 3 kpc, these measured kinematical quantities
produce an orbit that deviates by ~30 degrees from the well-defined swath of
stellar overdensity constituting the Anticenter Stream in the western portion
of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey footprint. We explore possible explanations for
this, and suggest that our data in SA 76 are measuring the motion of a
kinematically cold sub-stream among the ACS debris that was likely a fragment
of the same infalling structure that created the larger ACS system. The ACS is
clearly separated spatially from the majority of claimed Monoceros ring
detections in this region of the sky; however, with the data in hand, we are
unable to either confirm or rule out an association between the ACS and the
poorly-understood Monoceros structure.Comment: Accepted to ApJ. 48 pages, 20 figures, preprint forma
Sparse aperture masking at the VLT II. Detection limits for the eight debris disks stars Pic, AU Mic, 49 Cet, Tel, Fomalhaut, g Lup, HD181327 and HR8799
Context. The formation of planetary systems is a common, yet complex
mechanism. Numerous stars have been identified to possess a debris disk, a
proto-planetary disk or a planetary system. The understanding of such formation
process requires the study of debris disks. These targets are substantial and
particularly suitable for optical and infrared observations. Sparse Aperture
masking (SAM) is a high angular resolution technique strongly contributing to
probe the region from 30 to 200 mas around the stars. This area is usually
unreachable with classical imaging, and the technique also remains highly
competitive compared to vortex coronagraphy. Aims. We aim to study debris disks
with aperture masking to probe the close environment of the stars. Our goal is
either to find low mass companions, or to set detection limits. Methods. We
observed eight stars presenting debris disks ( Pictoris, AU
Microscopii, 49 Ceti, Telescopii, Fomalhaut, g Lupi, HD181327 and
HR8799) with SAM technique on the NaCo instrument at the VLT. Results. No close
companions were detected using closure phase information under 0.5 of
separation from the parent stars. We obtained magnitude detection limits that
we converted to Jupiter masses detection limits using theoretical isochrones
from evolutionary models. Conclusions. We derived upper mass limits on the
presence of companions in the area of few times the diffraction limit of the
telescope around each target star.Comment: 7 pages, All magnitude detection limits maps are only available in
electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr
(130.79.128.5
KMOS LENsing Survey (KLENS) : morpho-kinematic analysis of star-forming galaxies at
We present results from the KMOS lensing survey-KLENS which is exploiting
gravitational lensing to study the kinematics of 24 star forming galaxies at
with a median mass of and median
star formation rate (SFR) of . We find that 25% of
these low-mass/low-SFR galaxies are rotation dominated, while the majority of
our sample shows no velocity gradient. When combining our data with other
surveys, we find that the fraction of rotation dominated galaxies increases
with the stellar mass, and decreases for galaxies with a positive offset from
the main sequence. We also investigate the evolution of the intrinsic velocity
dispersion, , as a function of the redshift, , and stellar mass,
, assuming galaxies in quasi-equilibrium (Toomre Q parameter equal
to 1). From the relation, we find that the redshift evolution of
the velocity dispersion is mostly expected for massive galaxies (). We derive a relation, using
the Tully-Fisher relation, which highlights that a different evolution of the
velocity dispersion is expected depending on the stellar mass, with lower
velocity dispersions for lower masses, and an increase for higher masses,
stronger at higher redshift. The observed velocity dispersions from this work
and from comparison samples spanning appear to follow this relation,
except at higher redshift (), where we observe higher velocity dispersions
for low masses () and lower velocity
dispersions for high masses () than
expected. This discrepancy could, for instance, suggest that galaxies at
high- do not satisfy the stability criterion, or that the adopted
parametrisation of the specific star formation rate and molecular properties
fail at high redshift.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, 21 pages, 10 figure
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