Transjugular Balloon-Assisted Retrograde Ethylene-Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer Embolization of a Main Pulmonary Artery Defect Discovered during Removal of a Malpositioned Dialytic Central Venous Catheter.

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Методика и методология социолингвистических исследований в условиях билингвизма и диглоссии

Lithospheric-scale analogue models are used to analyse the parameters controlling the typical evolution of deformation during continental narrow rifting, characterized by early activation of large boundary faults and basin subsidence, followed by localization of tectonic activity in internal faults at the rift axis. Integration of current and previous experiments shows that the evolution of deformation, in particular the amount of extension needed for the abandonment of boundary faults and migration of deformation to in-rift faults, is dependent on at least five boundary conditions: (i) thickness of brittle layers (including syn-rift sediments); (ii) thickness of ductile layers; (iii) extension rate; (iv) width of the weak zone localizing extension; and (v) rift obliquity with respect to the extension direction. An increase in the amount of extension corresponding to the inward migration of faulting (i.e., a longer phase of slip on boundary faults) is observed for (a) an increase in the thickness of both brittle and ductile crustal layers and syn-rift sediment accumulation, (b) a decrease in extension rate and width of the weak zone, and (c) a decrease in rift obliquity. A unified account of these correlations is presented, based on the hypothesis that fault migration occurs when boundary faults can no longer accommodate the imposed bulk extension, leading to time-space variations of internal strain and strain rate (and consequently stress) in the ductile layers which overcome the total resistance of brittle layers to thoroughgoing faulting

Accelerometer Based Methodology for Combustion Parameters Estimation

Due to increasingly stringent emission regulations and the need of more efficient powertrains, obtaining information about combustion process becomes a key factor. Low-cost in-cylinder pressure sensors are being developed, but they still present longterm reliability issues, and represent a considerable part of the engine management system cost. Research is being conducted in order to develop methodologies for extracting relevant combustion information using standard sensors already installed on-board. The present work introduces a methodology for combustion parameters estimation, through a control-oriented analysis of structureborne sound. The paper also shows experimental results obtained applying the estimation methodology to different passenger car engines. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd

Transient Spark Advance Calibration Approach

Combustion control is assuming a crucial role in reducing engine tailpipe emissions while maximizing performance. The effort in the calibration of control parameters affecting the combustion development can be very demanding. One of the most effective factors influencing performance and efficiency is the combustion phasing: in Spark Ignition (SI) engines it is affected by factors such as Spark Advance (SA), Air-Fuel Ratio (AFR), Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR), Variable Valve Timing (VVT). SA optimal values are usually determined by means of calibration procedures carried out in steady state conditions on the test bench by changing SA values while monitoring performance indicators, such as Brake and Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP, IMEP), Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and pollutant emissions. The effect of SA on combustion is stochastic, due to the cycle-to-cycle variation: the analysis of mean values requires many engine cycles to be significant of the performance obtained with the given control setting. Moreover, often the effect of SA on engine performance must be investigated for different settings of other control parameters (EGR, VVT, AFR). The calibration process is time consuming involving exhaustive tests followed by off-line data analysis. This paper presents the application of a dynamic calibration methodology, with the objective of reducing the calibration duration. The proposed approach is based on transient tests, coupled with a statistical investigation, allowing reliable performance analysis even with a low number of engine cycles. The methodology has been developed and tested off-line, then it has been implemented in Real-Time. The combustion analysis system has been integrated with the ECU management software and the test bench controller, in order to perform a fully automatic calibration. © 2013 The Authors

Herpes Simplex virus type 2 myeloradiculitis with a pure motor presentationin a liver transplant recipient

In this case report, we describe the first PCR-confirmed case of HSV2 myeloradiculitis with a purely motor presentation, occurring in a 68-year-old liver transplant recipient. The patient reported ascending weakness with no sensory nor sphincteric symptoms, thereby resembling acute demyelinating inflammatory neuropathy, or Guillain-Barr\ue9 syndrome. HSV2 was detected in cerebrospinal fluid by PCR, and the patient was successfully treated with intravenous Acyclovir

Comparative genomics and transcriptional profiles of Saccharopolyspora erythraea NRRL 2338 and a classically improved erythromycin over-producing strain

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The molecular mechanisms altered by the traditional mutation and screening approach during the improvement of antibiotic-producing microorganisms are still poorly understood although this information is essential to design rational strategies for industrial strain improvement. In this study, we applied comparative genomics to identify all genetic changes occurring during the development of an erythromycin overproducer obtained using the traditional mutate-and- screen method.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Compared with the parental <it>Saccharopolyspora erythraea </it>NRRL 2338, the genome of the overproducing strain presents 117 deletion, 78 insertion and 12 transposition sites, with 71 insertion/deletion sites mapping within coding sequences (CDSs) and generating frame-shift mutations. Single nucleotide variations are present in 144 CDSs. Overall, the genomic variations affect 227 proteins of the overproducing strain and a considerable number of mutations alter genes of key enzymes in the central carbon and nitrogen metabolism and in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, resulting in the redirection of common precursors toward erythromycin biosynthesis. Interestingly, several mutations inactivate genes coding for proteins that play fundamental roles in basic transcription and translation machineries including the transcription anti-termination factor NusB and the transcription elongation factor Efp. These mutations, along with those affecting genes coding for pleiotropic or pathway-specific regulators, affect global expression profile as demonstrated by a comparative analysis of the parental and overproducer expression profiles. Genomic data, finally, suggest that the mutate-and-screen process might have been accelerated by mutations in DNA repair genes.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study helps to clarify the mechanisms underlying antibiotic overproduction providing valuable information about new possible molecular targets for rationale strain improvement.</p

Forest Fires in Europe, Middle East and North Africa 2011

This is the 12th “Forest Fires in Europe” report published by the European Commission. The area covered by the report has been enlarged to include also Middle East and North Africa countries, thus also the title of the report has been changed accordingly. The report contains a summary of the 2011 fire season in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa with official statistics on the number of fires and burnt areas compiled by the contributing countries. In addition to country reports with a summary of the past fire season provided by the countries, the report Forest Fires in Europe, Middle East and North Africa informs about the latest developments in terms of forest fire prevention and initiatives of the European Commission to support forest fires fire protection activities in the European Union. Furthermore it provides the results of the European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS) operating during the fire season, with special emphasis on the EFFIS Danger Forecast, providing daily maps of meteorological fire danger forecast of EU, and the EFFIS Rapid Damage Assessment, performing the daily mapping and assessment of main land cover and Natura2000 areas affected by fires of at least 40 ha during the fire season..JRC.H.3-Forest Resources and Climat