Erythrina velutina Willd. alkaloids : piecing biosynthesis together from transcriptome analysis and metabolite profiling of seeds and leaves

Introduction: Natural products of pharmaceutical interest often do not reach the drug market due to the associated low yields and difficult extraction. Knowledge of biosynthetic pathways is a key element in the development of biotechnological strategies for plant specialized metabolite production. Erythrina species are mainly used as central nervous system depressants in folk medicine and are important sources of bioactive tetracyclic benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs), which can act on several pathology-related biological targets. Objectives: In this sense, in an unprecedented approach used with a non-model Fabaceae species grown in its unique arid natural habitat, a combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses (seeds and leaves) is presented. Methods: The Next Generation Sequencing-based transcriptome (de novo RNA sequencing) was carried out in a NextSeq 500 platform. Regarding metabolite profiling, the High-resolution Liquid Chromatography was coupled to DAD and a micrOTOF-QII mass spectrometer by using electrospray ionization (ESI) and Time of Flight (TOF) analyzer. The tandem MS/MS data were processed and analyzed through Molecular Networking approach. Results: This detailed macro and micromolecular approach applied to seeds and leaves of E. velutina revealed 42 alkaloids, several of them unique. Based on the combined evidence, 24 gene candidates were put together in a putative pathway leading to the singular alkaloid diversity of this species. Conclusion: Overall, these results could contribute by indicating potential biotechnological targets formodulation of erythrina alkaloids biosynthesis as well as improve molecular databases with omic data from a non-model medicinal plant, and reveal an interesting chemical diversity of Erythrina BIA harvested in Caatinga

Erythrina velutina Willd. alkaloids: Piecing biosynthesis together from transcriptome analysis and metabolite profiling of seeds and leaves

Introduction: Natural products of pharmaceutical interest often do not reach the drug market due to the associated low yields and difficult extraction. Knowledge of biosynthetic pathways is a key element in the development of biotechnological strategies for plant specialized metabolite production. The scarce studies regarding non-model plants impair advances in this field. Erythrina spp. are mainly used as central nervous system depressants in folk medicine and are important sources of bioactive tetracyclic benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, which can act on several pathology-related biological targets. Objective: Herein the purpose is to employ combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses (seeds and leaves) of a non-model medicinal Fabaceae species grown in its unique arid natural habitat. The study tries to propose a putative biosynthetic pathway for the bioactive alkaloids by using an omic integrated approach. Methods: The Next Generation Sequencing-based transcriptome (de novo RNA sequencing) was carried out in a Illumina NextSeq 500 platform. Regarding the targeted metabolite profiling, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to a micrOTOF-QII, High Resolution Mass Spectrometer, were used. Results: This detailed macro and micromolecular approach applied to seeds and leaves of E. velutina revealed 42 alkaloids by metabolome tools. Based on the combined evidence, 24 gene candidates were put together in a putative pathway leading to the singular alkaloid diversity of this species. Conclusion: These results contribute by indicating potential biotechnological targets Erythrina alkaloids biosynthesis as well as to improve molecular databases with omic data from a non-model medicinal plant. Furthermore, they reveal an interesting chemical diversity in Erythrina velutina harvested in Caatinga. Last, but not least, this data may also contribute to tap Brazilian biodiversity in a rational and sustainable fashion, promoting adequate public policies for preservation and protection of sensitive areas within the Caatinga

Prosthetic replacement versus space closure in maxillary lateral incisor agenesis: A systematic review

Introdução: Ausências de incisivos laterais superiores são desafiadoras quanto à definição do melhor tratamento. O objetivo desta revisão foi determinar, com a melhor evidência disponível na literatura, o melhor tratamento para a agenesia do incisivo lateral superior, avaliando-se os resultados estético, oclusal (funcional) e periodontal, entre reposição protética e fechamento ortodôntico do espaço. Material e método: As bases de dados eletrônicas (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials - CENTRAL, MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus e LILACS) foram pesquisadas sem restrição de idioma ou data. Uma pesquisa manual nas listas de referências dos potenciais estudos também foi realizada. Resultados: A busca inicial identificou 2174 artigos, sendo 1196 excluídos por serem duplicados. Títulos e resumos de 978 artigos foram acessados, e 954 foram excluídos. Foram lidos na íntegra 24 artigos, 12 foram excluídos após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, restando 12 artigos incluídos. Na análise do risco de viés, 2 estudos foram classificados como baixo risco, 4 como médio risco e 6 como alto risco de viés. Dados dos artigos selecionados foram extraídos e compilados em tabela para a comparação e a análise dos resultados. Conclusões: Próteses dentossuportadas parecem apresentar um custo periodontal maior do que o fechamento do espaço; próteses implantossuportadas apresentaram resultados satisfatórios em até 3 anos; o fechamento do espaço foi mais bem avaliado esteticamente do que as reposições protéticas; e a presença ou não da desoclusão lateral guiada pelos caninos não apresentou relação com a função oclusal e nem com os sinais e sintomas de DTMs.Introduction: Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis is a challenge as regards definition of the best treatment. The aim of this study was to determine, by means of the best evidence available in the literature, the paramount treatment for maxillary lateral incisor agenesis, evaluating the esthetic, occlusal (functional) and periodontal results between prosthetic replacement and orthodontic space closure. Material and Method: Electronic databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials -CENTRAL, MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and LILACS) were searched with no restriction on language or initial date. A manual search in the reference lists of the potential studies was performed. Results: The search identified 2174 articles, and 1196 were excluded because they were duplicates. Titles and abstracts of 978 articles were accessed, and 954 were excluded. In total, 24 articles were read in full, 12 were excluded after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, with the 12 remaining articles being included. In the risk of bias analysis, 2 studies were classified as low risk, 4 medium risk, and 6 with high risk of bias. Data were extracted from the articles selected, and a table was compiled for comparison and analysis of the results. Conclusions: Tooth-supported prosthodontics appear to present a higher periodontal cost than space closure; implant-supported dental prostheses showed satisfactory in 3 years follow-up; space closure was better evaluated esthetically than prosthetic replacements; and the presence or absence of a canine rise showed no relationship with occlusal function or with signs and symptoms of TMDs48f

Interproximal wear versus incisors extraction to solve anterior lower crowding: A systematic review

OBJECTIVE: To determine by means of a systematic review the best treatment, whether interproximal wear or incisor extraction, to correct anterior lower crowding in Class I patients in permanent dentition. METHODS: A literature review was conducted using MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science to retrieve studies published between January 1950 and October 2013. In selecting the sample, the following inclusion criteria were applied: studies involving interproximal wear and/or extraction of mandibular incisors, as well as Class I cases with anterior lower crowding in permanent dentition. RESULTS: Out of a total of 943 articles found after excluding duplicates, 925 were excluded after abstract analysis. After full articles were read, 13 were excluded by the eligibility criteria and one due to methodological quality; therefore, only fours articles remained: two retrospective and two randomized prospective studies. Data were collected, analyzed and organized in tables. CONCLUSION: Both interproximal wear and mandibular incisor extraction are effective in treating Class I malocclusion in permanent dentition with moderate anterior lower crowding and pleasant facial profile. There is scant evidence to determine the best treatment option for each case. Clinical decision should be made on an individual basis by taking into account dental characteristics, crowding, dental and oral health, patient's expectations and the use of set-up models

A produção tecnológica na odontologia: o registro de patentes

The generation of knowledge obtained through scientific research materializes in the announcement of results to society. This is basically done in two ways: with presentations at congresses and publication of scientific articles, or through the application for patents. If there is an intention to make financial and material gains with the discoveries, ideas and inventions resulting from the research, the application for a patent is necessary. The aim of this article was to contribute to the dissemination of information pertinent to patents for the Brazilian Dentistry professional. A brief description of the steps required for its request has been made. It must be recognized the effort of the Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (INPI) to make available on its website all the information necessary to those interested in making a patent application, in an intelligible and didactic way, enabling them to make their own patent applications.A geração de conhecimento obtida por meio da pesquisa científica materializa-se no anúncio dos resultados à sociedade. Este se faz basicamente de 2 formas: com apresentações em congressos e publicação de artigos científicos, ou por meio da solicitação de patentes. Se há intenção em auferir ganhos financeiros e materiais com as descobertas, ideias e inventos resultantes da pesquisa, a solicitação de uma patente se faz necessária. O objetivo deste artigo foi contribuir com a divulgação das informações pertinentes às patentes para o profissional da Odontologia brasileira. Uma descrição sucinta das etapas necessárias para a sua solicitação foi realizada. Deve-se reconhecer o esforço do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI) em disponibilizar no seu sítio eletrônico todas as informações necessárias aos interessados em fazer um pedido de patente, de maneira inteligível e didática, possibilitando a estes realizar seus próprios pedidos de patente de maneira autônoma

Avaliação in vitro das atividades antiinflamatória, antioxidante e antimicrobiana do alcalóide montanina

Diversas propriedades biológicas, dentre as quais atividade antiparasitária, antitumoral, antiviral e anticolinesterásica são associadas aos extratos e produtos isolados, incluindo alcalóides de espécies de Amarilidáceas. Neste trabalho verificou-se para o alcalóide montanina, isolado dos bulbos de Rhodophiala bifida (Herb.) Traub (Amaryllidaceae), atividade antioxidante e ação inibitória sobre o crescimento de culturas de Saccharomyces cerevisae (ATCC 2601), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Staphylococcus epidermides (ATCC 12228) e Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). A atividade antiinflamatória avaliada através da determinação da capacidade antiquimiotáxica da amostra apresentou resultados não significativos na dose empregada

Fracture strength of orthodontic mini-implants

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed at evaluating the design and dimensions of five different brands of orthodontic mini-implants, as well as their influence on torsional fracture strength. Methods: Fifty mini-implants were divided into five groups corresponding to different manufactures (DEN, RMO, CON, NEO, SIN). Twenty-five mini-implants were subjected to fracture test by torsion in the neck and the tip, through arbors attached to a Universal Mechanical Testing Machine. The other 25 mini-implants were subjected to insertion torque test into blocks of pork ribs using a torquimeter and contra-angle handpiece mounted in a surgical motor. The shape of the active tip of the mini-implants was evaluated under microscopy. The non-parametric Friedman test and Snedecor’s F in analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to evaluate the differences between groups. Results: The fracture torque of the neck ranged from 23.45 N.cm (DEN) to 34.82 N.cm (SIN), and of the tip ranged from 9.35 N.cm (CON) to 24.36 N.cm (NEO). Insertion torque values ranged from 6.6 N.cm (RMO) to 10.2 N.cm (NEO). The characteristics that most influenced the results were outer diameter, inner diameter, the ratio between internal and external diameters, and the existence of milling in the apical region of the mini-implant. Conclusions: The fracture torques were different for both the neck and the tip of the five types evaluated. NEO and SIN mini-implants showed the highest resistance to fracture of the neck and tip. The fracture torques of both tip and neck were higher than the torque required to insert mini-implants

Informática em Saúde - Modelo E-Health de Laudo Virtual para Apoio ao Diagnóstico em Ortopedia

O desenvolvimento tecnológico nas últimas décadas trouxe consigo grandes contribuições para a Telemedicina, facilitando a interação médico-paciente em situações onde a distância é um fator limitante. Através da troca de informações digitais (texto, imagens, vídeos, por exemplo) oferece meios para auxílio de diagnóstico, prevenção e tratamento. Aplicações práticas já são encontradas em várias especialidades médicas. É um estudo de natureza aplicada (tecnológico), transversal, descritiva, visando apoio ao diagnóstico. A pesquisa resultou no diagrama de casos de uso, no de atividades e no protótipo de um aplicativo WEB para gerenciamento de Laudo Virtual para lesões de joelho em ortopedia. Assim, pode-se notar que tal protótipo pode ser positivo em aspectos como diminuição no tempo de espera para consulta, rápido acesso à história clínica do paciente, diminuição de custos e menor necessidade de espaço físico para consultas