Paleoparasitological remains revealed by seven historic contexts from "Place d'Armes", Namur, Belgium.

International audienceHuman occupation for several centuries was recorded in the archaeological layers of "Place d'Armes", Namur, Belgium. Preventive archaeological excavations were carried out between 1996/1997 and seven historical strata were observed, from Gallo-Roman period up to Modern Times. Soil samples from cesspools, latrines, and structures-like were studied and revealed intestinal parasite eggs in the different archaeological contexts. Ascaris lumbricoides, A. suum, Trichuris trichiura, T. suis. Taenia sp., Fasciola hepatica, Diphyllobothrium sp., Capillaria sp. and Oxyuris equi eggs were found. Paleoparasitology confirmed the use of structures as latrines or cesspit as firstly supposed by the archaeologists. Medieval latrines were not only used for rejection of human excrements. The finding of Ascaris sp. and Trichuris sp. eggs may point to human's or wild swine's feces. Gallo-Roman people used to eat wild boar. Therefore, both A. suum and T. suis, or A. lumbricoides and T. trichuris, may be present, considering a swine carcass recovered into a cesspit. Careful sediment analysis may reveal its origin, although parasites of domestic animals can be found together with those of human's. Taenia sp. eggs identified in latrine samples indicate ingestion of uncooked beef with cysticercoid larvae. F. hepatica eggs suggest the ingestion of raw contaminated vegetables and Diphyllobothrium sp. eggs indicate contaminated fresh-water fish consumption. Ascaris sp. and Trichuris sp. eggs indicate fecal-oral infection by human and/or animal excrements

Auto-avaliação da saúde em adultos no Sul do Brasil

OBJECTIVE: To analyze factors associated with self-rated health in adults. METHODS: A population-based, cross-sectional study was performed with a sample of 2,051 adults aged between 20 and 59 years, in the city of Lages, Southern Brazil, in 2007. Household questionnaires were applied to obtain data on self-rated health, socioeconomic and demographic conditions, smoking habit, lifestyle and self-reported morbidities. Blood pressure, weight, height and abdominal circumference were measured. multivariable analysis was performed using Poisson regression, adjusted for the sampling design effect and stratified by sex. RESULTS: Prevalence of positive self-rated health was 74.2% (95% CI: 71.3;77.0), significantly higher in men (82.3%, 95%CI: 79.3;85.0) than in women (66.9%, 95%CI: 63.2;70.7). Poorer, less educated and older men showed higher prevalences of negative self-rated health. After adjustment, high blood pressure levels and reporting chest wheezing were strongly associated with negative self-rated health in men. Prevalence of negative self-assessment was higher in poorer, less educated and older women and in those who showed abdominal obesity. High blood pressure levels, diabetes, chest wheezing and shortness of breath remained associated with the outcome after adjustment in women. The number of morbidities self-reported by women and men showed an association with negative self-rated health. CONCLUSIONS: Women and individuals who were older, poorer or less educated considered their health condition to be fair or poor. The higher the number of self-reported morbidities, the greater the proportion of individuals with negative self-rated health; the effect of morbidities was greater in women.OBJETIVO: Analizar factores asociados con la autoevaluación de la salud en adultos. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal, de base poblacional, con muestra de 2.051 adultos de 20 a 59 años de Lages, Sur de Brasil, en 2007. Fueron aplicados cuestionarios domiciliares para obtener datos sobre autoevaluación de la salud, condiciones socioeconómicas y demográficas, tabaquismo, de estilo de vida y morbilidades autoreferidas. Se compararon la presión arterial, peso, altura y circunferencia abdominal. El análisis multivariable fue realizado por regresión de Poisson, ajustado por el efecto del delineamiento muestral y estratificado por sexo. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de autoevaluación de la salud positiva fue de 74,2% (IC 95%: 71,3;77,0) significativamente mayor en los hombres (82,3% [79,3;85,0]) que en las mujeres (66,9% [63,2;70,7]). Hombres más pobres, menos escolarizados y más viejos presentaron mayores prevalencias de autoevaluación de salud negativa. Posterior al ajuste, niveles de presión elevados y referir chillido en el pecho fueron fuertemente asociados con la autoevaluación negativa entre los hombres. La prevalencia de autoevaluación negativa fue mayor en mujeres más pobres, menos escolarizadas y más viejas y entre las que presentaron obesidad abdominal. Niveles de presión elevados, diabetes, chillido en el pecho y síntomas de falta de aire permanecieron asociados al resultado posterior al ajuste en las mujeres. El número de morbilidades autoreferidas por hombres y mujeres se asoció a la autoevaluación de la salud negativa. CONCLUSIONES: Los más viejos, las mujeres, los más pobres y menos escolarizados evalúan su condición de salud como regular o mala. En la medida que aumentaba el número de morbilidades autoreferidas, mayor era la proporción de individuos con autoevaluación de salud negativa; entre las mujeres, el efecto de las morbilidades es mayor.OBJETIVO: Analisar fatores associados à auto-avaliação da saúde em adultos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, de base populacional, com amostra de 2.051 adultos de 20 a 59 anos de Lages, SC, em 2007. Foram aplicados questionários domiciliares para obter dados sobre auto-avaliação da saúde, condições socioeconômicas e demográficas, tabagismo, de estilo de vida e morbidades auto-referidas. Foram aferidos pressão arterial, peso, altura e circunferência abdominal. A análise multivariável foi realizada por regressão de Poisson, ajustada pelo efeito do delineamento amostral e estratificada por sexo. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de auto-avaliação da saúde positiva foi de 74,2% (IC 95%: 71,3;77,0), significativamente maior nos homens (82,3%, IC 95%: 79,3;85,0) do que nas mulheres (66,9%, IC 95%: 63,2;70,7). Homens mais pobres, menos escolarizados e mais velhos apresentaram maiores prevalências de auto-avaliação da saúde negativa. Após o ajuste, níveis pressóricos elevados e referir chiado no peito foram fortemente associados à auto-avaliação negativa entre os homens. A prevalência de auto-avaliação negativa foi maior em mulheres mais pobres, menos escolarizadas e mais velhas e dentre as que apresentaram obesidade abdominal. Níveis pressóricos elevados, diabetes, chiado no peito e sintomas de falta de ar permaneceram associados ao desfecho após o ajuste nas mulheres. O número de morbidades auto-referidas por homens e mulheres associou-se à auto-avaliação da saúde negativa. CONCLUSÕES: Os mais velhos, as mulheres, os mais pobres e menos escolarizados avaliam sua condição de saúde como regular ou ruim. Quanto maior o número de morbidades auto-referidas, maior a proporção de indivíduos com auto-avaliação de saúde negativa, sendo o efeito das morbidades maior entre as mulheres

Square of the Weapons, Namur, Belgium. Contribution of a study paleoparasitology

Made available in DSpace on 2012-09-05T18:24:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 192.pdf: 8430192 bytes, checksum: 4c059834f96d7e75f95169104929c4f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.As análises e interpretações sobre o encontro de helmintos parasitos no sítio da Praça das Armas, Namur, Bélgica, foram realizadas a partir das escavações de salvamento arqueológico ocorridas em 1996 e 1997. Sete períodos históricos de ocupação estão registrados: galo-romano, carolíngio, séculos XI, XII XIII, XIV XV A.D., Renascença até os Tempos Modernos. Foram analisadas 34 amostras de sedimentos arqueológicos, colhidas de estruturas como latrinas, fossas, poços e depósitos similares considerando as descrições arqueológicas e o contexto histórico. O material foi processado pela mesma técnica de reidratação e de sedimentação espontânea para coprólitos, além do ultrassom para a desagregação dos ovos e partículas de sedimento. Ovos de Ascaris lumbricoides, Ascaris sp., ascarídeos; Trichuris trichiura, Trichuris sp., Taenia sp.; Capillaria sp., Fasciola hepatica, Diphyllobothrium sp. e Oxyuris equi foram identificados. Os resultados bioestatísticos revelaram diferenças significativas entre o tamanho dos ovos de Trichuris sp. das amostras em relação à média de referência (Confalonieri, 1983). A maioria das amostras selecionadas não pertencia à população de T. trichiura. Ovos de Taenia sp. identificados de latrinas medievais, indicam o consumo de carne suína ou bovina contaminadas por cisticercos. A presença de ovos de Fasciola hepatica sugere o consumo de vegetais inquinados por metacercárias e ovos de Diphyllobothrium sp. o consumo de carne de peixe contaminada por esparganos. Ovos de Ascaris sp. e Trichuris sp. atestam a contaminação oral por excrementos de origem animal e/ou humana estando presentes em todos os contextos históricos estudados. A maioria das formas parasitárias apresentavam boas condições de preservação. Foi observado que ovos identificados como ascarídeos são Ascaris sp. que perderam o envoltório externo de proteína. O fato de outros ovos de helmintos não terem sido encontrados no sítio não indica, todavia, que outros parasitos não faziam parte do espectro parasitário local.The analysis and interpretation of the findings of parasitic helminths from the “Place d’Armes” site, Namur, Belgium was done. The preventive archaeological excavations were carried out between 1996 and 1997 and seven historical periods were considered: galo-roman, carolingian, XI, XII – XIII, XIV – XV centuries A.D., Reinassance up to Modern Times. Thirty-four soil samples from cesspools, latrines and similar structures were studied and revealed many kinds of helminth eggs, taking into account the archaeological records and historical context of the settlement. The sediments were processed by the same rehydration and spontaneous sedimentation techniques used for coprolithes. In addition, ultrasound was employed to dissociate the eggs and sediment particles. Eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides, Ascaris sp., ascarids; Trichuris trichiura, Trichuris sp., Taenia sp.; Capillaria sp., Fasciola hepatica, Diphyllobothrium sp. and Oxyuris equi were identified. The biostatistical analysis revealed significative differences between the dimensions of the eggs of Trichuris sp. samples in relation to the reference average (Confalonieri, 1983). The majority of the samples selected did not belong to T. trichiura population. Taenia sp. eggs identified in medieval latrines samples indicate the ingestion of infected pork or beef with cysticercoid larvae. The presence of Fasciola hepatica eggs suggest the ingestion of raw vegetables contaminated with metacercariae. Diphyllobothrium sp. eggs indicate a fresh-water fish contaminated with plerocercoid larvae. Ascaris sp. and Trichuris sp. eggs indicate oral contamination by human and/or animal excrements. These type of eggs were present along all the historical contexts studied. Most of the eggs found were well preserved. It was also observed that eggs identified as ascarids are, in fact, Ascaris sp. eggs that have lost their outer proteinic shell. Nevertheless, the absence of other helminth eggs doesn’t indicate that other parasites did not take part of the local parasitical spectrum.Des études et des interprétations, sur la présence d’helminthes parasites, ont été realisées a partir des travaux de fouilles préventives, développées sur le site de la Place d’Armes, Namur, Belgique, entre 1996 et 1997. Sept périodes historiques d’occupation ont été mises en lumière: l’Époque gallo-romaine, carolingienne, les XIe , XIIe – XIIIe, XIVe et XVe siècles A. D., la Renaissance jusqu’aux Temps Modernes. Trente quatre échantillons ont été prélevés dans les basses-fosses de latrines, fosses, puits et canalisations, en considérant les descriptions arquéologiques et les contextes historiques. Les sédiments ont été traités de même que pour les coprolithes, par les techniques de réhidratation et de sédimentation simple. En outre, les ultrassons ont été employés pour séparer les oeufs des particules du sédiment. Des oeufs Ascaris lumbricoïdes, Ascaris sp., ascaridés; Trichuris trichiura, Trichuris sp., Taenia sp.; Capillaria sp., Fasciola hepatica, Diphyllobothrium sp. et d’Oxyuris equi ont été identifiés. L’analyse biostatistique a révélé des différences significatives quant à la taille des oeufs de Trichuris sp. des échantillons par rapport à la moyenne de référence (Confalonieri, 1983). La majorité des échantillons sélectionnés n’appartenait pas à Trichuris trichiura. Des oeufs de Taenia sp. identifiés dans les latrines datant du Moyen Âge indiquent la consommation de viande bovine ou porcine contaminés par les cysticerques (vésicules ladriques). La présence des oeufs de Fasciola hepatica, suggère la contamination des végétaux par les métacercaires et des oeufs de Diphyllobothrium sp. la consommation du poisson contaminé par des larves de plérocercoïdes (esparganus). Des oeufs d’ Ascaris sp. et de Trichuris sp. attestent de la contamination orale par des excréments d’origine animale et/ou humaine et ils ont été presentes au cour de tous les contextes historiques étudiés. La plupart des formes parasitaires étaient très bien conservées. Plusieurs des oeufs indentifiés comme ascaridés, étaient en realité, des Ascaris sp. ayant perdu leur membrane protéique externe. Le fait que d’autres oeufs d’helminthes n’ont pas été retrouvés sur le site, n’indique pas, cependant, que d’autres parasites n’étaient pas présents

Serological detection of Brazilian Spotted-Fever Group Rickettsiae in horses in Brasília, Federal District, Brazil

Brazilian spotted fever (BSF) is a zoonosis caused by spotted-fever group Rickettsiae that is transmitted to humans through tick bites. Dogs and horses are considered to be sentinel animals for this disease. In this study, a serological survey was carried out among horses apprehended by the governmental animal control service of the Federal District, Brazil. Serum samples were obtained from 122 horses over a one-year period. Through the indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay (IFA) for Rickettsia rickettsii anti-IgG antibodies, 21 samples were found to be positive, with titers ranging from 1:64 to 1:512. This demonstrates that the agent presents silent circulation in the Federal District

Identification of Taenia sp. in a Mummy from a Christian Necropolis in El-Deir, Oasis of Kharga, Ancient Egypt.

International audienc

Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and risk factors in pregnant women followed up ty the Family Health Strategy

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii. It is transmitted by the ingestion of contaminated water and foods, by soil contaminated with cat feces, especially while handling it, and congenitally via the placenta. The diagnosis of maternal infection is made by serological detection of either IgM or IgG antibodies. This study assessed the seropositivity in pregnant women followed up by the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Methods: The study was performed in 19 FHS units and included 148 childbearing women. The outcomes evaluated were IgM and IgG seropositivity and behavioral variables. Results: IgG yielded positive results in 16% of the pregnant women, whereas IgM was positive in only 1%. Conclusions: The 1% IgM positivity rate for T. gondii indicates congenital toxoplasmosis is not common in Lages

Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and risk factors in pregnant women followed up ty the Family Health Strategy

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii. It is transmitted by the ingestion of contaminated water and foods, by soil contaminated with cat feces, especially while handling it, and congenitally via the placenta. The diagnosis of maternal infection is made by serological detection of either IgM or IgG antibodies. This study assessed the seropositivity in pregnant women followed up by the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Methods: The study was performed in 19 FHS units and included 148 childbearing women. The outcomes evaluated were IgM and IgG seropositivity and behavioral variables. Results: IgG yielded positive results in 16% of the pregnant women, whereas IgM was positive in only 1%. Conclusions: The 1% IgM positivity rate for T. gondii indicates congenital toxoplasmosis is not common in Lages

Amoebiasis distribution in the past: first steps using a immunoassay technique

Submitted by Gilvan Almeida ([email protected]) on 2016-12-07T12:03:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Amoebiasis.pdf: 87301 bytes, checksum: b7ef476072b55356d681cba66adfccf2 (MD5)Rejected by Éder Freyre ([email protected]), reason: Refazer on 2017-02-14T13:21:22Z (GMT)Submitted by Gilvan Almeida ([email protected]) on 2019-02-05T17:57:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Amoebiasis.pdf: 87301 bytes, checksum: b7ef476072b55356d681cba66adfccf2 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Regiane Silva ([email protected]) on 2019-02-11T13:58:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Amoebiasis.pdf: 87301 bytes, checksum: b7ef476072b55356d681cba66adfccf2 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-11T13:58:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Amoebiasis.pdf: 87301 bytes, checksum: b7ef476072b55356d681cba66adfccf2 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.University of Nebraska. School of Natural Resource Sciences. Lincoln, NE, USA.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universite de Reims. U. F. R. de Pharmacie. Laboratoire de Paleoparasitologie. Reims, FranceUniversite de Reims. U. F. R. de Pharmacie. Laboratoire de Paleoparasitologie. Reims, France.Universite de Reims. U. F. R. de Pharmacie. Laboratoire de Paleoparasitologie. Reims, France.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.The identification of parasites in ancient human faeces is compromised by differential preservation of identifiable parasite structures. However, protein molecules can survive the damage of the environment and can be detected even after centuries. In this paper it is shown that is possible to detect copro-antigen of Entamoeba histolytica in historic and prehistoric human faecal remains, using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) kit. The kit uses monoclonal antibody-peroxidase conjugate specific for E. histolytica adhesin. A total of 90 specimens of desiccated faeces found in mummies and ancient organic sediment from South America, North America, Africa, and Europe were examined. The ELISA detected 20 positive samples, dated to about 5300 years before present to the 19th Century ad. The positive samples are from archaeological sites in Argentina, USA, France, Belgium, and Switzerland. The detection of protozoan antigen using immunoassays is a reliable tool for the studies of intestinal parasites in the past