Influence of the synthesis method on the catalytic activity of mayenite for the oxidation of gas-phase trichloroethylene

[EN] Catalytic oxidation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in heterogeneous phase (gas-solid) is an effective strategy for the conversion of this pollutant in less harmful compounds, namely CO2, CO and HCl. In this work, we have studied the use of mayenite, a cost-effective material, as an active catalyst for the TCE conversion. In particular, we have assessed the influence of the mayenite synthesis method (hydrothermal, sol-gel and ceramic) on the reaction performance. The materials have been characterized by different techniques, such as XRD, N-2-sorption (BET), TPR, Raman spectroscopy, FESEM-EDX and TEM. The analysis of the light-off curves and product distribution, has shown that the use of the hydrothermal method for the mayenite synthesis results in the most active and selective catalyst. This has been related with a higher surface area and with a higher concentration of oxygen anions in the mayenite prepared by this method. It has been found that the presence of water in the stream do not influence the catalytic performance of the material. A mechanism for the reaction and for the partial deactivation of the catalyst has been proposed.This work was supported by the grants ORSA167988 and ORSA174250 funded by the University of Salerno. AI gratefully acknowledges the Erasmus+ traineeship program. AEP and JMT thanks the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional through MAT2015-71842-P and CTQ2015-68951-C3-1-R (MINECO/FEDER)Intiso, A.; Martínez-Triguero, J.; Cucciniello, R.; Rossi, F.; Palomares Gimeno, AE. (2019). Influence of the synthesis method on the catalytic activity of mayenite for the oxidation of gas-phase trichloroethylene. Scientific Reports. 9:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36708-2S199Greene, H. L., Prakash, D. S. & Athota, K. V. Combined sorbent/catalyst media for destruction of halogenated VOCs. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 7, 213–224 (1996).Rossi, F. et al. Determination of the trichloroethylene diffusion coefficient in water. AIChE J. 61, 3511–3515 (2015).Russell, H. H., Matthews, J. E. & Guy, W. S. TCE Removal from Contaminated Soil and Ground Water (1996).IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and some other chlorinated agents. IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum. 106, 1–512 (2014).Chiu, W. A. et al. Human Health Effects of Trichloroethylene: Key Findings and Scientific Issues. Environ. Health Perspect. 121, 303–311 (2012).Intiso, A. et al. Enhanced solubility of trichloroethylene (TCE) by a poly-oxyethylene alcohol as green surfactant. Environ. Technol. Innov. 12, 72−79 (2018).Boulding, J. R. EPA environmental engineering sourcebook. (CRC Press, 1996).Huang, L. et al. Granular activated carbon adsorption process for removing trichloroethylene from groundwater. AIChE J. 57, 542–550 (2011).Moccia, E. et al. Use of Zea mays L. in phytoremediation of trichloroethylene. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 24, 11053–11060 (2017).Costanza, J., Mulholland, J. & Pennell, K. Effects of Thermal Treatments on the Chemical Reactivity of Trichloroethylene (2007).Aranzabal, A. et al. State of the art in catalytic oxidation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Chem. Pap. 68, 1169–1186 (2014).Blanch-Raga, N. et al. Catalytic abatement of trichloroethylene over Mo and/or W-based bronzes. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 130, 36–43 (2013).Blanch-Raga, N., Palomares, A. E., Martínez-Triguero, J., Fetter, G. & Bosch, P. Cu mixed oxides based on hydrotalcite-like compounds for the oxidation of trichloroethylene. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 52, 15772–15779 (2013).Romero-Sáez, M., Divakar, D., Aranzabal, A., González-Velasco, J. R. & González-Marcos, J. A. Catalytic oxidation of trichloroethylene over Fe-ZSM-5: Influence of the preparation method on the iron species and the catalytic behavior. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 180, 210–218 (2016).López-Fonseca, R., Gutiérrez-Ortiz, J. I. & González-Velasco, J. R. Catalytic combustion of chlorinated hydrocarbons over H-BETA and PdO/H-BETA zeolite catalysts. Appl. Catal. Gen. 271, 39–46 (2004).Aranzabal, A., Romero-Sáez, M., Elizundia, U., González-Velasco, J. R. & González-Marcos, J. A. Deactivation of H-zeolites during catalytic oxidation of trichloroethylene. J. Catal. 296, 165–174 (2012).Divakar, D. et al. Catalytic oxidation of trichloroethylene over Fe-zeolites. Catal. Today 176, 357–360 (2011).Blanch-Raga, N., Palomares, A. E., Martínez-Triguero, J. & Valencia, S. Cu and Co modified beta zeolite catalysts for the trichloroethylene oxidation. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 187, 90–97 (2016).Solsona, B. et al. Total Oxidation of Propane Using CeO2 and CuO-CeO2 Catalysts Prepared Using Templates of Different Nature. Catalysts 7, 96 (2017).Cucciniello, R. et al. Total oxidation of trichloroethylene over mayenite (Ca12Al14O33) catalyst. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 204, 167–172 (2017).Intiso, A., Cucciniello, R., Castiglione, S., Proto, A. & Rossi, F. Environmental Application of Extra-Framework Oxygen Anions in the Nano-Cages of Mayenite. In Advances in Bionanomaterials 131–139, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62027-5_12 (Springer, Cham, 2018).Yang, S. et al. Formation and Desorption of Oxygen Species in Nanoporous Crystal 12CaO·7Al2O3. Chem. Mater. 16, 104–110 (2004).Lacerda, M., Irvine, J. T. S., Glasser, F. P. & West, A. R. High oxide ion conductivity in Ca12Al14O33. Nature 332, 525–526 (1988).Teusner, M., De Souza, R. A., Krause, H., Ebbinghaus, S. G. & Martin, M. Oxygen transport in undoped and doped mayenite. Solid State Ion. 284, 25–27 (2016).Li, C., Hirabayashi, D. & Suzuki, K. A crucial role of O2- and O22- on mayenite structure for biomass tar steam reforming over Ni/Ca12Al14O33. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 88, 351–360 (2009).Li, C., Hirabayashi, D. & Suzuki, K. Synthesis of higher surface area mayenite by hydrothermal method. Mater. Res. Bull. 46, 1307–1310 (2011).Ude, S. N. et al. High temperature X-ray studies of mayenite synthesized using the citrate sol–gel method. Ceram. Int. 40, 1117–1123 (2014).Blanch-Raga, N. et al. The oxidation of trichloroethylene over different mixed oxides derived from hydrotalcites. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 160, 129–134 (2014).Monshi, A., Foroughi, M. R. & Monshi, M. R. Modified Scherrer Equation to Estimate More Accurately Nano-Crystallite Size Using XRD. World J. Nano Sci. Eng. 02, 154 (2012).Ruszak, M., Witkowski, S. & Sojka, Z. EPR and Raman investigations into anionic redox chemistry of nanoporous 12CaO·7Al2O3 interacting with O2, H2 and N2O. Res. Chem. Intermed. 33, 689–703 (2007).Cucciniello, R., Proto, A., Rossi, F. & Motta, O. Mayenite based supports for atmospheric NOx sampling. Atmos. Environ. 79, 666–671 (2013).Teusner, M. et al. Oxygen Diffusion in Mayenite. J. Phys. Chem. C 119, 9721–9727 (2015).Schmidt, A. et al. Chlorine ion mobility in Cl-mayenite (Ca12Al14O32Cl2): An investigation combining high-temperature neutron powder diffraction, impedance spectroscopy and quantum-chemical calculations. Solid State Ion. 254, 48–58 (2014).Środek, D., Dulski, M. & Galuskina, I. Raman imaging as a new approach to identification of the mayenite group minerals. Sci. Rep. 8, 13593 (2018).Galuskin, E. V. et al. Mayenite supergroup, part I: Recommended nomenclature. Eur. J. Mineral. 27, 99–111 (2015).Li, J. et al. Chlorine-Tolerant Ruthenium Catalyst Derived Using the Unique Anion-Exchange Properties of 12 CaO⋅7 Al2O3 for Ammonia Synthesis. Chem Cat Chem 9, 3078–3083 (2017)

Preparation of platelet-rich plasma as a tissue adhesive for experimental transplantation in rabbits

PURPOSE: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous substance with adhesive properties. We aimed at developing and testing the efficacy of a method for PRP preparation in rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An in vitro study was carried out to obtain PRP from forty rabbits and to analyze the number of platelets and type of substance needed to trigger platelet activation. To induce platelet activation, 5%, 10%, 25% and 50% CaCl solutions were used. Then, an in vivo study was performed in twelve rabbits to test PRP adhesiveness in lamellar corneal graft. A control group made up of six rabbits underwent corneal transplantation without using PRP. RESULTS: 5% CaCl was the most effective concentration in activating PRP, with a mean time of 19 minutes. An attached corneal flap was seen 3 months after surgery. A detached corneal button was seen in all controls. CONCLUSION: Our method was able to produce rabbit-derived PRP with suitable properties for soft tissue adhesion. These results could be useful for researchers of the growing fields of tissue repair and experimental transplantation

A Novel Synthetic Route to Prepare High Surface Area Mayenite Catalyst for TCE Oxidation

[EN] Mayenite (Ca12Al14O33) was synthesized by a novel route based on the use of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as a soft templating agent. The material was tested for the total oxidation of trichloroethylene in the gas phase and the catalytic performance was analysed when using different initial amounts of PMMA in the catalyst synthesis. The results were compared with those obtained with a mayenite synthetized by a classical hydrothermal method. The highest activity in terms of TCE conversion was achieved in the presence of mayenite prepared using 10% w/w of PMMA; its activity was also higher than that of the hydrothermal mayenite. The surface area and the number of superoxide anions (O-2(-)) seem to be the main properties determining the catalytic activity of the material.This research was funded by University of Salerno, grant number ORSA167988 and ORSA174250.Intiso, A.; Martínez-Triguero, J.; Cucciniello, R.; Proto, A.; Palomares Gimeno, AE.; Rossi, F. (2019). A Novel Synthetic Route to Prepare High Surface Area Mayenite Catalyst for TCE Oxidation. Catalysts. 9(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9010027S1891Yang, S., Kondo, J. N., Hayashi, K., Hirano, M., Domen, K., & Hosono, H. (2004). Formation and Desorption of Oxygen Species in Nanoporous Crystal 12CaO·7Al2O3. Chemistry of Materials, 16(1), 104-110. doi:10.1021/cm034755rCucciniello, R., Intiso, A., Castiglione, S., Genga, A., Proto, A., & Rossi, F. (2017). Total oxidation of trichloroethylene over mayenite (Ca12Al14O33) catalyst. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 204, 167-172. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.11.03

Extragalactic Star-forming Regions: a Study of the Physical Properties and Chemical Abundances

Extragalactic star-forming regions are characterized by the large number of young and massive stars that ionize the surrounding gas. These regions can be observed as very luminous spots in the disk of spiral galaxies and as large areas in Blue Compact Dwarf galaxies. We present preliminary results of the study of a sample of star-forming regions in two spiral and one Blue Compact Dwarf galaxies observed with the GMOS/Long-slit configuration on the Gemini-South Telescope. We are presenting a preliminary study of two regions of each galaxy for which we estimated: reddening, electron densities, and electron temperatures by using direct method, temperature relations based on photoionization models, and empirical relations. From the electron temperatures we de- rived ionic and total chemical abundances of, O, S, N, Ne, Ar and He. In addition we computed star formation rates and the ionization state for all regions.Fil: Muñoz Vergara, D.. Gemini Observatory; Chile. Universidad de La Serena; ChileFil: Firpo, V.. Gemini Observatory; Chile. Universidad de La Serena; ChileFil: Hägele, Guillermo Federico. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Bosch, Guillermo Luis. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Cardaci, Monica Viviana. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Sanmartim, D.. Gemini Observatory; ChileFil: Gimeno, G.. Gemini Observatory; ChileII workshop on Chemical Abundances in Gaseous Nebulae: Open problems in Nebular AstrophysicsSao Jose dos CamposBrasilUniversidade do Vale do Paraíb

Oxidative Degradation of Trichloroethylene over Fe2O3-doped Mayenite: Chlorine Poisoning Mitigation and Improved Catalytic Performance

[EN] Mayenite was recently successfully employed as an active catalyst for trichloroethylene (TCE) oxidation. It was effective in promoting the conversion of TCE in less harmful products (CO2 and HCl) with high activity and selectivity. However, there is a potential limitation to the use of mayenite in the industrial degradation of chlorinated compounds-its limited operating lifespan owing to chlorine poisoning of the catalyst. To overcome this problem, in this work, mayenite-based catalysts loaded with iron (Fe/mayenite) were prepared and tested for TCE oxidation in a gaseous phase. The catalysts were characterized using different physico-chemical techniques, including XRD, ICP, N-2-sorption (BET), H-2-TPR analysis, SEM-EDX, XPS FESEM-EDS, and Raman. Fe/mayenite was found to be more active and stable than the pure material for TCE oxidation, maintaining the same selectivity. This result was interpreted as the synergistic effect of the metal and the oxo-anionic species present in the mayenite framework, thus promoting TCE oxidation, while avoiding catalyst deactivation.This work was supported by the grants ORSA167988 and ORSA174250 funded by the University of Salerno. AEP and JLC thank the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through RTI2018-101784-B-I00 and SEV-2016-0683 for the financial support. J.L. Cerrillo wishes to thank the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for the Severo Ochoa PhD fellowship (SVP-2014-068600).Cucciniello, R.; Intiso, A.; Siciliano, T.; Palomares Gimeno, AE.; Martínez-Triguero, J.; Cerrillo, JL.; Proto, A.... (2019). Oxidative Degradation of Trichloroethylene over Fe2O3-doped Mayenite: Chlorine Poisoning Mitigation and Improved Catalytic Performance. Catalysts. 9(9):1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9090747S11399Rossi, F., Cucciniello, R., Intiso, A., Proto, A., Motta, O., & Marchettini, N. (2015). Determination of the trichloroethylene diffusion coefficient in water. AIChE Journal, 61(10), 3511-3515. doi:10.1002/aic.14861Ko, J. H., Musson, S., & Townsend, T. (2010). Destruction of trichloroethylene during hydration of calcium oxide. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 174(1-3), 876-879. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.043Ge, J., Huang, S., Han, I., & Jaffé, P. R. (2019). Degradation of tetra- and trichloroethylene under iron reducing conditions by Acidimicrobiaceae sp. A6. Environmental Pollution, 247, 248-255. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.066Moccia, E., Intiso, A., Cicatelli, A., Proto, A., Guarino, F., Iannece, P., … Rossi, F. (2016). Use of Zea mays L. in phytoremediation of trichloroethylene. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(12), 11053-11060. doi:10.1007/s11356-016-7570-8Meyer, C. I., Borgna, A., Monzón, A., & Garetto, T. F. (2011). Kinetic study of trichloroethylene combustion on exchanged zeolites catalysts. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 190(1-3), 903-908. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.04.007Cucciniello, R., Proto, A., Rossi, F., Marchettini, N., & Motta, O. (2015). An improved method for BTEX extraction from charcoal. Analytical Methods, 7(11), 4811-4815. doi:10.1039/c5ay00828jIntiso, A., Miele, Y., Marchettini, N., Proto, A., Sánchez-Domínguez, M., & Rossi, F. (2018). Enhanced solubility of trichloroethylene (TCE) by a poly-oxyethylene alcohol as green surfactant. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 12, 72-79. doi:10.1016/j.eti.2018.08.001Garza‐Arévalo, J. I., Intiso, A., Proto, A., Rossi, F., & Sanchez‐Dominguez, M. (2019). Trichloroethylene solubilization using a series of commercial biodegradable ethoxylated fatty alcohol surfactants. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 94(11), 3523-3529. doi:10.1002/jctb.5965Aranzabal, A., Pereda-Ayo, B., González-Marcos, M., González-Marcos, J., López-Fonseca, R., & González-Velasco, J. (2014). State of the art in catalytic oxidation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Chemical Papers, 68(9). doi:10.2478/s11696-013-0505-7Li, D., Li, C., & Suzuki, K. (2013). Catalytic oxidation of VOCs over Al- and Fe-pillared montmorillonite. Applied Clay Science, 77-78, 56-60. doi:10.1016/j.clay.2013.02.027Tian, W., Fan, X., Yang, H., & Zhang, X. (2010). Preparation of MnOx/TiO2 composites and their properties for catalytic oxidation of chlorobenzene. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177(1-3), 887-891. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.12.116Blanch-Raga, N., Palomares, A. E., Martínez-Triguero, J., Puche, M., Fetter, G., & Bosch, P. (2014). The oxidation of trichloroethylene over different mixed oxides derived from hydrotalcites. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 160-161, 129-134. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.05.014Taralunga, M., Mijoin, J., & Magnoux, P. (2006). Catalytic destruction of 1,2-dichlorobenzene over zeolites. Catalysis Communications, 7(3), 115-121. doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2005.09.006Romero-Sáez, M., Divakar, D., Aranzabal, A., González-Velasco, J. R., & González-Marcos, J. A. (2016). Catalytic oxidation of trichloroethylene over Fe-ZSM-5: Influence of the preparation method on the iron species and the catalytic behavior. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 180, 210-218. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.06.027Blanch-Raga, N., Palomares, A. E., Martínez-Triguero, J., & Valencia, S. (2016). Cu and Co modified beta zeolite catalysts for the trichloroethylene oxidation. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 187, 90-97. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.01.029Cucciniello, R., Proto, A., Rossi, F., & Motta, O. (2013). Mayenite based supports for atmospheric NOx sampling. Atmospheric Environment, 79, 666-671. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.07.065Cucciniello, R., Intiso, A., Castiglione, S., Genga, A., Proto, A., & Rossi, F. (2017). Total oxidation of trichloroethylene over mayenite (Ca12Al14O33) catalyst. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 204, 167-172. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.11.035Intiso, A., Martinez-Triguero, J., Cucciniello, R., Proto, A., Palomares, A. E., & Rossi, F. (2019). A Novel Synthetic Route to Prepare High Surface Area Mayenite Catalyst for TCE Oxidation. Catalysts, 9(1), 27. doi:10.3390/catal9010027Intiso, A., Martinez-Triguero, J., Cucciniello, R., Rossi, F., & Palomares, A. E. (2019). Influence of the synthesis method on the catalytic activity of mayenite for the oxidation of gas-phase trichloroethylene. Scientific Reports, 9(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-018-36708-2Proto, A., Cucciniello, R., Rossi, F., & Motta, O. (2013). Stable carbon isotope ratio in atmospheric CO2 collected by new diffusive devices. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21(4), 3182-3186. doi:10.1007/s11356-013-2369-3Eufinger, J.-P., Schmidt, A., Lerch, M., & Janek, J. (2015). Novel anion conductors – conductivity, thermodynamic stability and hydration of anion-substituted mayenite-type cage compounds C12A7:X (X = O, OH, Cl, F, CN, S, N). Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 17(10), 6844-6857. doi:10.1039/c4cp05442cSchmidt, A., Lerch, M., Eufinger, J.-P., Janek, J., Tranca, I., Islam, M. M., … Hölzel, M. (2014). Chlorine ion mobility in Cl-mayenite (Ca12Al14O32Cl2): An investigation combining high-temperature neutron powder diffraction, impedance spectroscopy and quantum-chemical calculations. Solid State Ionics, 254, 48-58. doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2013.10.042Teusner, M., De Souza, R. A., Krause, H., Ebbinghaus, S. G., Belghoul, B., & Martin, M. (2015). Oxygen Diffusion in Mayenite. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 119(18), 9721-9727. doi:10.1021/jp512863uRuszak, M., Inger, M., Witkowski, S., Wilk, M., Kotarba, A., & Sojka, Z. (2008). Selective N2O Removal from the Process Gas of Nitric Acid Plants Over Ceramic 12CaO · 7Al2O3 Catalyst. Catalysis Letters, 126(1-2), 72-77. doi:10.1007/s10562-008-9619-xProto, A., Cucciniello, R., Genga, A., & Capacchione, C. (2015). A study on the catalytic hydrogenation of aldehydes using mayenite as active support for palladium. Catalysis Communications, 68, 41-45. doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2015.04.028Ye, T.-N., Li, J., Kitano, M., & Hosono, H. (2017). Unique nanocages of 12CaO·7Al2O3 boost heterolytic hydrogen activation and selective hydrogenation of heteroarenes over ruthenium catalyst. Green Chemistry, 19(3), 749-756. doi:10.1039/c6gc02782bLi, C., Hirabayashi, D., & Suzuki, K. (2009). A crucial role of O2− and O22− on mayenite structure for biomass tar steam reforming over Ni/Ca12Al14O33. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 88(3-4), 351-360. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2008.11.004Li, H., Wang, S., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Tang, N., Pan, S., & Hu, J. (2017). FeCl3-modified Co–Ce oxides catalysts for mercury removal from coal-fired flue gas. Chemical Papers, 71(12), 2545-2555. doi:10.1007/s11696-017-0250-4Grosvenor, A. P., Kobe, B. A., Biesinger, M. C., & McIntyre, N. S. (2004). Investigation of multiplet splitting of Fe 2p XPS spectra and bonding in iron compounds. Surface and Interface Analysis, 36(12), 1564-1574. doi:10.1002/sia.1984Mendez, M., Ciuraru, R., Gosselin, S., Batut, S., Visez, N., & Petitprez, D. (2013). Reactivity of chlorine radical with submicron palmitic acid particles: kinetic measurements and products identification. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 13(6), 16925-16960. doi:10.5194/acpd-13-16925-201

Efecto Cinemático de la Ortesis Plantar en el Pie Plano Flexible Infantil

Introducción. El pie plano flexible infantil (PPFI) constituye una de las entidades nosológicas que afectan al pie de los niños más consultadas en la clínica diaria. Aunque existe cierto consenso en la indicación de tratar los pies afectados cuando presentan sintomatología, la controversia sobre la eficacia y la necesidad de tratar los casos asintomáticos continúa siendo apasionante. El uso de herramientas que permiten cuantificar con exactitud los grados de rotación de la articulación subtalar (AST) y mediotarsiana (AMT) ayudan a comprender las bases fisiopatológicas de la entidad y a establecer las bases de un tratamiento eficaz. El presente estudio pretende valorar la eficacia de diferentes tratamientos conservadores ortésicos, así como la influencia de factores como el calzado, el sexo y el grado de afectación, sobre el pie (retropié y mediopié) y muslo, así como realizar aportaciones sobre la unilateralidad de los datos, la influencia del efecto de arrastre y la cuantificación del efecto inverso de la ortesis (EIO), todo ello de forma transversal. El estudio se completa con el análisis longitudinal de la posición relajada de calcáneo en apoyo (PRCA) al cabo de dos años, propone un nuevo modelo de marcador y un nuevo diseño autocontrolado.Material y métodos. Se realizó una revisión escolar a 167 niños entre 9 y 11 años con autorización de los padres y del Comité Ético de Investigación Clínica de Aragón, obteniéndose una muestra de 24 niños con PPF y un Índice de Postura del Pie v 6 criterios (IPP-6)de 9,81±1,24. Los niños se sometieron a la observación de la marcha sobre tapiz rodante mediante un sistema de captura de movimiento óptico constituido por 9 cámaras infrarrojas OptitrackTM y software Motive-Tracker de ©Natural Point Inc y sistema MH-treadmilll de ©UZ, en el laboratorio de biomecánica del Instituto de Investigación I3 de la Universidad de Zaragoza. Se analizaron nueve situaciones diferentes que combinaban 3 tipos diferentes de ortesis: ortesis por elementos tipo Lelièvre (OE), ortesis de resina (OR) con técnica de adaptación en directo (TAD) y ortesis de polipropileno (OP) con inversión de Blake y Medial Heel Skive (MHS) y 2 tipos diferentes de calzado: zapatilla/deportiva (ZAP/DEP). Los 48 pies se distribuyeron de forma aleatoria en función del pie considerado (dcho/izdo) y calzado en la prueba (ZAP/DEP), siguiendo un diseño de muestras repetidas. Los valores del modo DESCALZO (DES) fueron utilizados como control de cada individuo. Se analizó el efecto de la ortesis, el calzado, el grado de afección y el sexo, sobre el pico máximo eversor de AST y AMT, rango eversor de AST y AMT, máxima posición y rango de movimiento femoral en plano frontal y transverso (coronal), longitud de zancada y nº zancadas por minuto. Se valoró la evolución de la PRCA en un grupo de intervención que llevó la ortesis durante dos años y un grupo control.Resultados. Los datos de prevalencia (16,76%) fueron coherentes con estudios previos, observándose una correlación positiva significativa entre el grado de PRCA e Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) e IPP-6. El uso de calzado redujo de forma significativa el pico máximo eversor de AMT (p=0,000), respecto a caminar descalzo. El uso de cualquiera de las 3 ortesis redujo significativamente el pico máximo eversor de AST y AMT respecto a caminar calzado sin ortesis (p=0,000). Las ortesis OE y OP redujeron significativamente tanto el rango de eversión (p=0,007 y p= 0,044), como el valor de máxima eversión (p=0,003 y p=0,005) de la AST respecto de OR. Las ortesis OE y OR redujeron significativamente el valor máximo de eversión del AMT respecto de OP (0,011 y 0,010). Los resultados del segmento muslo no fueron concluyentes. La deportiva redujo tanto el pico de máxima eversión (p=0,048) como el rango de movimiento eversor (p=0,050) de la AMT respecto de la zapatilla. Tras analizarse el efecto del orden de la prueba no pudo observarse efecto de arrastre. La frecuencia del efecto inverso de la ortesis fue mayor en la AST que en la AMT y significativamente mayor para el rango eversor que para el valor de máxima eversión tanto de AST (p=0,000) como de AMT (p=0,000). Se ha observado una reducción significativa de PRCA en el grupo intervención respecto del grupo control sin ortesis (p=0,006) tras dos años de intervención.Discusión. La correlación observada de la PRCA con IMC e IPP-6 pondría de manifiesto la posible influencia negativa del factor peso en la evolución del PPF. La existencia de una correlación positiva entre PRCA y el IPP-6 debería ser estudiada en próximas investigaciones por la posible consideración de la PRCA como valor precursor del IPP-6. La eficacia del tratamiento conservador ortésico en el alineamiento de retropié y mediopié ha quedado demostrada. Se dispone de herramientas eficaces en el control de exceso de pronación de AST y AMT. Los resultados no concluyentes derivados de las variables del muslo podrían tener relación con el efecto de artefacto que supondría el tejido blando del muslo. Se ha medido la frecuencia del EIO y debería tenerse en cuenta tanto en investigación como en la clínica diaria. No se ha observado efecto de arrastre derivado del orden de realización de la prueba propio de los diseños de muestras repetidas. El uso de la ortesis provocó un efecto corrector de la PRCA de forma significativa tras dos años de intervención. Se confirma la eficacia de la ortesis en el alineamiento de retropié y se constituye como tratamiento de elección del PPFI. <br /

Improving the User Experience of the rCUDA Remote GPU Virtualization Framework

Graphics processing units (GPUs) are being increasingly embraced by the high-performance computing community as an effective way to reduce execution time by accelerating parts of their applications. remote CUDA (rCUDA) was recently introduced as a software solution to address the high acquisition costs and energy consumption of GPUs that constrain further adoption of this technology. Specifically, rCUDA is a middleware that allows a reduced number of GPUs to be transparently shared among the nodes in a cluster. Although the initial prototype versions of rCUDA demonstrated its functionality, they also revealed concerns with respect to usability, performance, and support for new CUDA features. In response, in this paper, we present a new rCUDA version that (1) improves usability by including a new component that allows an automatic transformation of any CUDA source code so that it conforms to the needs of the rCUDA framework, (2) consistently features low overhead when using remote GPUs thanks to an improved new communication architecture, and (3) supports multithreaded applications and CUDA libraries. As a result, for any CUDA-compatible program, rCUDA now allows the use of remote GPUs within a cluster with low overhead, so that a single application running in one node can use all GPUs available across the cluster, thereby extending the single-node capability of CUDA. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This work was funded by the Generalitat Valenciana under Grant PROMETEOII/2013/009 of the PROMETEO program phase II. The author from Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The authors are also grateful for the generous support provided by Mellanox Technologies.Reaño González, C.; Silla Jiménez, F.; Castello Gimeno, A.; Peña Monferrer, AJ.; Mayo Gual, R.; Quintana Ortí, ES.; Duato Marín, JF. (2015). Improving the User Experience of the rCUDA Remote GPU Virtualization Framework. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience. 27(14):3746-3770. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.3409S374637702714NVIDIA NVIDIA industry cases http://www.nvidia.es/object/tesla-case-studiesFigueiredo, R., Dinda, P. A., & Fortes, J. (2005). Guest Editors’ Introduction: Resource Virtualization Renaissance. Computer, 38(5), 28-31. doi:10.1109/mc.2005.159Duato J Igual FD Mayo R Peña AJ Quintana-Ortí ES Silla F An efficient implementation of GPU virtualization in high performance clusters Euro-Par 2009 Workshops, ser. 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GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection http://gcc.gnu.org/LLVM Clang: a C language family frontend for LLVM http://clang.llvm.org/Martinez G Feng W Gardner M CU2CL: a CUDA-to-OpenCL Translator for Multi- and Many-core Architectures http://eprints.cs.vt.edu/archive/00001161/01/CU2CL.pdfLLVM The LLVM compiler infrastructure http://llvm.org/Reaño C Peña AJ Silla F Duato J Mayo R Quintana-Orti ES CU2rCU: towards the complete rCUDA remote GPU virtualization and sharing solution Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on High Performance Computing (HiPC), Pune, India 2012 1 10NVIDIA The NVIDIA GPU Computing SDK Version 4, NVIDIA 2011Sandia National Labs LAMMPS molecular dynamics simulator http://lammps.sandia.gov/Citrix Systems, Inc. Xen http://xen.org/Peña AJ Virtualization of accelerators in high performance clusters Ph.D. Thesis, 2013NVIDIA CUDA profiler user's guide version 5, NVIDIA 2012Igual, F. D., Chan, E., Quintana-Ortí, E. S., Quintana-Ortí, G., van de Geijn, R. A., & Van Zee, F. G. (2012). The FLAME approach: From dense linear algebra algorithms to high-performance multi-accelerator implementations. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 72(9), 1134-1143. doi:10.1016/j.jpdc.2011.10.014Slurm workload manager http://slurm.schedmd.co

Boosting the performance of remote GPU virtualization using InfiniBand Connect-IB and PCIe 3.0

© 2014 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.[EN] A clear trend has emerged involving the acceleration of scientific applications by using GPUs. However, the capabilities of these devices are still generally underutilized. Remote GPU virtualization techniques can help increase GPU utilization rates, while reducing acquisition and maintenance costs. The overhead of using a remote GPU instead of a local one is introduced mainly by the difference in performance between the internode network and the intranode PCIe link. In this paper we show how using the new InfiniBand Connect-IB network adapters (attaining similar throughput to that of the most recently emerged GPUs) boosts the performance of remote GPU virtualization, reducing the overhead to a mere 0.19% in the application tested.This work was funded by the Generalitat Valenciana under Grant PROMETEOII/2013/009 of the PROMETEO program phase II. This material is based upon work supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research (SC-21), under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Authors from the Universitat Politècnica de València and Universitat Jaume I are grateful for the generous support provided by Mellanox Technologies.Reaño González, C.; Silla Jiménez, F.; Peña Monferrer, AJ.; Shainer, G.; Schultz, S.; Castelló Gimeno, A.; Quintana Orti, ES.... (2014). Boosting the performance of remote GPU virtualization using InfiniBand Connect-IB and PCIe 3.0. En 2014 IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER). IEEE. 266-267. doi:10.1109/CLUSTER.2014.6968737S26626