A Pedagogia da Alternância na formação inicial de educadores do campo: contribuições e desafios

ABSTRACT. The aim of this paper is to present a study and promote reflections on the contributions and challenges of Pedagogy of Alternation in a Rural Education Degree Course, with a focus on Natural Sciences. For the development of the research, data were collected through questionnaires and from the analysis of the Course’s documents. The results showed contributions of Pedagogy of Alternation, which opens the possibility of graduates entering and continuing in university studies, and brings teachers and students closer to their communities. Challenges were also pointed out, such as the financial burden on undergraduates and the Course to cover housing expenses and cover transportation and food expenses; exhaustiveness and little use in University Time; the need for the graduates to get closer to the university environment and life during the Community Time; the importance of the adherence of the professors to teaching methodologies that are linked to the principles and foundations of Rural Education; the realization of integrative alternating; and the promotion of an inter and transdisciplinary Science teaching, aimed at the formation of rural educators.ABSTRACT. The aim of this paper is to present a study and promote reflections on the contributions and challenges of Pedagogy of Alternation in a Rural Education Degree Course, with a focus on Natural Sciences. For the development of the research, data were collected through questionnaires and from the analysis of the Course’s documents. The results showed contributions of Pedagogy of Alternation, which opens the possibility of graduates entering and continuing in university studies, and brings teachers and students closer to their communities. Challenges were also pointed out, such as the financial burden on undergraduates and the Course to cover housing expenses and cover transportation and food expenses; exhaustiveness and little use in University Time; the need for the graduates to get closer to the university environment and life during the Community Time; the importance of the adherence of the professors to teaching methodologies that are linked to the principles and foundations of Rural Education; the realization of integrative alternating; and the promotion of an inter and transdisciplinary Science teaching, aimed at the formation of rural educators.RESUMEN. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un estudio y promover reflexiones sobre las contribuciones y los desafíos de la Pedagogía de la Alternancia en un Curso de Licenciatura en Educación del Campo enfocado en Ciencias Naturales. Para el desarrollo de la investigación, los datos se recopilaron a través de cuestionarios y del análisis de los documentos del Curso. Los resultados mostraron que la Pedagogía de la Alternancia abre la posibilidad de que los graduados ingresen y continúen sus estudios universitarios; acerca maestros y estudiantes a sus comunidades. También se señalaron desafíos, como la carga financiera de los estudiantes universitarios y el Curso para cubrir los gastos de vivienda y gastos de transporte y alimentación; exhaustividad y poco uso en el Tiempo Universidad; la necesidad de que los graduados se acerquen al entorno y la vida universitaria durante el Tiempo Comunidad; la importancia de la adhesión del profesorado del curso a las metodologías de enseñanza que están vinculadas a los principios y fundamentos de la educación rural; la realización de alternancia integrativa; y la promoción de una enseñanza de ciencias inter y transdisciplinaria, dirigida a la formación de educadores en el campo.ABSTRACT. The aim of this paper is to present a study and promote reflections on the contributions and challenges of Pedagogy of Alternation in a Rural Education Degree Course, with a focus on Natural Sciences. For the development of the research, data were collected through questionnaires and from the analysis of the Course’s documents. The results showed contributions of Pedagogy of Alternation, which opens the possibility of graduates entering and continuing in university studies, and brings teachers and students closer to their communities. Challenges were also pointed out, such as the financial burden on undergraduates and the Course to cover housing expenses and cover transportation and food expenses; exhaustiveness and little use in University Time; the need for the graduates to get closer to the university environment and life during the Community Time; the importance of the adherence of the professors to teaching methodologies that are linked to the principles and foundations of Rural Education; the realization of integrative alternating; and the promotion of an inter and transdisciplinary Science teaching, aimed at the formation of rural educators.O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um estudo e promover reflexões sobre as contribuições e os desafios da Pedagogia da Alternância em um Curso de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo, com enfoque em Ciências da Natureza, da Universidade Federal do Piauí. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários aplicados a estudantes e a partir da análise de documentos do Curso. Os resultados mostraram que a Pedagogia da Alternância abre a possibilidade dos licenciandos ingressarem e continuarem nos estudos universitários; além de aproximar os professores e os estudantes e suas comunidades. Também foram apontados desafios, como a sobrecarga financeira para os licenciandos e para o Curso quanto a custear despesas com hospedagem e cobrir gastos com transporte e alimentação; a exaustividade e pouco aproveitamento no Tempo Universidade; a necessidade de aproximação dos licenciandos ao ambiente e vida universitários durante o Tempo Comunidade; a importância da adesão do corpo docente do Curso a metodologias de ensino que estejam vinculadas aos princípios e fundamentos da Educação do Campo; a realização da alternância integrativa; e a promoção de um ensino de Ciências inter e transdisciplinar, voltado para a formação de educadores do campo. Palavras-chave: Pedagogia da Alternância, Licenciatura em Educação do Campo, Tempo Universidade, Tempo Comunidade, Formação docente.   Pedagogy of Alternation in the initial training of rural educators: contributions and challenges                         ABSTRACT. The aim of this paper is to present a study and promote reflections on the contributions and challenges of Pedagogy of Alternation in a Rural Education Degree Course, with a focus on Natural Sciences. For the development of the research, data were collected through questionnaires and from the analysis of the Course’s documents. The results showed contributions of Pedagogy of Alternation, which opens the possibility of graduates entering and continuing in university studies, and brings teachers and students closer to their communities. Challenges were also pointed out, such as the financial burden on undergraduates and the Course to cover housing expenses and cover transportation and food expenses; exhaustiveness and little use in University Time; the need for the graduates to get closer to the university environment and life during the Community Time; the importance of the adherence of the professors to teaching methodologies that are linked to the principles and foundations of Rural Education; the realization of integrative alternating; and the promotion of an inter and transdisciplinary Science teaching, aimed at the formation of rural educators. Keywords: Pedagogy of Alternation, Rural Education Degree Course, University Time, Community Time, Teacher training.   Pedagogía de la Alternancia en la formación inicial de educadores de campo: contribuciones y desafíos RESUMEN. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un estudio y promover reflexiones sobre las contribuciones y los desafíos de la Pedagogía de la Alternancia en un Curso de Licenciatura en Educación del Campo enfocado en Ciencias Naturales. Para el desarrollo de la investigación, los datos se recopilaron a través de cuestionarios y del análisis de los documentos del Curso. Los resultados mostraron que la Pedagogía de la Alternancia abre la posibilidad de que los graduados ingresen y continúen sus estudios universitarios; acerca maestros y estudiantes a sus comunidades. También se señalaron desafíos, como la carga financiera de los estudiantes universitarios y el Curso para cubrir los gastos de vivienda y gastos de transporte y alimentación; exhaustividad y poco uso en el Tiempo Universidad; la necesidad de que los graduados se acerquen al entorno y la vida universitaria durante el Tiempo Comunidad; la importancia de la adhesión del profesorado del curso a las metodologías de enseñanza que están vinculadas a los principios y fundamentos de la educación rural; la realización de alternancia integrativa; y la promoción de una enseñanza de ciencias inter y transdisciplinaria, dirigida a la formación de educadores en el campo. Palabras clave: Pedagogía de Alternancia, Licenciatura en Educación del Campo, Tiempo Universidad, Tiempo Comunidad, Formación del profesorado

RIQUEZA E DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE MACRÓFITAS AQUÁTICAS NO RIO GUARIBAS, PICOS, PIAUÍ

As macrófitas aquáticas desempenham importantes funções no ambiente aquático, contribuindo para a estruturação ambiental e para o equilíbrio biológico. O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a riqueza biológica e a distribuição de macrófitas aquáticas no rio Guaribas, município de Picos, Piauí, corpo d’água do semiárido fortemente alterado por ações antrópicas. Para isso, amostras foram coletadas mensalmente em cinco estações no trecho urbano do referido rio, no período de setembro/2018 a fevereiro/2019. Para a coleta dos vegetais utilizou-se um quadrante com lados de 25 cm (0,0625 m2). O material foi conduzido para o Laboratório de Botânica da Universidade Federal do Piauí, campus de Picos, onde foi lavado, separado e identificado. Foram listadas 24 espécies distribuídas em 13 famílias botânicas, entre as quais foram mais representativas: Poaceae (5), Cyperaceae (3), Fabaceae (3), Araceae (2), Convolvulaceae (2) e Polygonaceae (2). As formas biológicas mais comuns foram as anfíbias e emergentes, anfíbias e as flutuantes livres. A maior riqueza florística ocorreu nos meses de fevereiro e setembro com 18 e 16 espécies, respectivamente. Conclui-se que a diversidade de macrófitas aquáticas do rio Guaribas sofreu influência dos fatores ambientais e antrópicos sendo favorecida pelo evento de chuvas, sucessão de espécies e eutrofização do corpo d’água.RICHNESS AND DISTRIBUTION OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTES SPECIES IN THE GUARIBAS RIVER, PICOS, PIAUÍ STATEABSTRACTAquatic macrophytes play important roles in the aquatic environment, contributing to environmental structuring and biological balance. The present study had as objective to know how environmental factors interfere in the biological richness and in the distribution of aquatic macrophytes in theGuaribas river, water body of the semiarid strongly altered by anthropic actions, municipality of Picos, Piauí. For that, samples were collected monthly in five stations in the urban section of the referred river, from September / 2018 to February / 2019. For the sampling of vegetables, a quadrant with sides of 25 cm (0.0625 m2) was used. The material was taken to the Botany Laboratory ofthe Federal University of Piauí, Picos campus, where it was washed, separated and identified. 24 species were listed, distributed in 13 botanical families, among which were most representative: Poaceae (5), Cyperaceae (3), Fabaceae (3), Araceae (2), Convolvulaceae (2) and Polygonaceae (2). The most common biological forms were amphibians and emergent, amphibious and free floating.The greatest floristic richness occurred in the months of February and September with 18 and 16 species, respectively. It is concluded that the diversity of aquatic macrophytes in the Guaribas River was influenced by environmental and anthropic factors, being favored by the event of rains, succession of species and eutrophication of the water body.

Cytogenetic characterization of Ameivula ocellifera (Spix, 1825) (Squamata, Teiidae) from the brazilian northeast

Ameivula is as a new genus of Teiidae family that emerged after extensive revision of species that comprised the former complex of species called Cnemidophorus group. Its species has a wide distribution from the northeast of Brazil to northern Argentina. Cytogenetic studies in the Teiidae family have shown that karyotypical data are important tools in phylogenetic and systematic studies within this group allowing to determine the position of species in the family. Thus, this study aimed to describe the karyotype of Ameivula ocellifera (Spix, 1825) from Picos, Piauí state in the Brazilian Northeast. Specimens were collected from August 2014 to October 2015 using interception traps and pitfalls, mounted randomly along the Caatinga area. The animals were collected and transported to Federal Institute of Piauí, campus Picos, where was carried out all laboratory procedures. Individuals analyzed showed a diploid number of 2n = 50 for both sexes, with karyotype composed by 30 macrochromosomes and 20 microchromosomes of telocentric and subtelocentric types. There were no heteromorphic sex chromosomes in the studied specimens. C-band technique evidenced the heterochromatic blocks in pericentromeric and telomeric regions of chromosomes. The nucleolar organizing regions appeared as a simple unit located at the terminal portion of the long arm of chromosomal pair number 5. The chromosomal characteristics of A. ocellifera analyzed do not show divergences regarding individuals from other regions. However, the nucleolar organizing regions seems to be a good chromosomal marker that permits to distinguish the species already studied

Cytogenetic study in the Brazilian semiarid lizard Tropidurus hispidus (Squamata, Tropiduridae)

Different classes of repetitive DNA sequences are found in eukaryotes, often composing substantial portions of the genome, associated with their important role in the structural and functional genome organization. In this work, we mapped repetitive DNA sequences (18S rDNA, microsatellites and telomeric motifs) in the karyotype of Tropidurus hispidus, a species of lizard from the Brazilian semiarid region. We found a diploid number of 2n = 36 (6 pairs of biarmed macrochromosomes and 12 pairs of microchromosomes). The 18S rDNA clusters were localized at the subterminal region of the long arm of pair 2. The telomeric probes produced signals at terminal, interstitial and centromeric positions of some chromosome pairs, which might indicate the occurrence of chromosomal rearrangements via chromosome fusions. Microsatellite sequences were found in at least two distinct patterns - clustered in the telomeric/pericentromeric regions or observed as scattered signals in the chromosomes. This study represents an initial step to explore the evolutionary dynamics of repetitive sequences in the Tropidurus genus and considering the scarcity of data concerning the chromosomal mapping of repetitive sequences in Tropiduridae species, it reinforces the importance of integrating other methodologies, including the isolation and physical mapping of different repetitive DNA sequences, contributing to understanding the patterns of karyotypic evolution in lizards.Asociación Herpetológica Argentin

Ciclo ovogenético e estudo morfológico comparativo do sistema reprodutivo de espécies da ordem Polydesmida (Diplopoda)

Pouco se sabe sobre a dinâmica reprodutiva dos diplópodos em seu habitat natural. Em áreas inundáveis como o Pantanal matogrossense, estes organismos desenvolvem estratégias de sobrevivência para suportar as alterações cíclicas do regime hídrico. Diante disso, este estudo visou descrever a estrutura ovariana e o ciclo ovogenético de três espécies de diplópodos da ordem Polydesmida: Poratia salvator e Myrmecodesmus hastatus, encontradas em áreas inundáveis e não inundáveis do Pantanal matogrossense, e Telonychopus klossae, que ocorre no município de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. Além disso, visou fazer um estudo comparativo da morfologia ovariana dessas espécies, a fim de contribuir para discussões sobre a evolução morfológica deste sistema no grupo. Os indivíduos foram coletados trimestralmente, de dezembro de 2009 a janeiro de 2012, por meio de busca ativa. Parte das fêmeas amostradas foi dissecada, fixada, emblocada e processada para estudos histológicos e histoquímicos e outra foi destinada ao estudo ultramorfológico. Poratia salvator e M. hastatus (Pyrgodesmidae) apresentaram ovário como um órgão tubular único. Telonychopus klossae (Chelodesmidae) possui ovário pareado com presença de ovissacos. O ovário não pareado parece ser uma apomorfia, aparentemente, associada ao tamanho diminuto destas espécies e suas curtas histórias de vida; a condição pareada seria simplesiomórfica e mais comum para as famílias de Polydesmida. Os ovócitos apresentam três estágios de desenvolvimento, diferenciados por caracteres como tamanho, aspecto do ovoplasma e deposição do cório. Com relação aos componentes das células germinativas, a deposição de lípidos foi primeiramente observada, seguida pela deposição de proteínas, carboidratos e cálcio. Estes elementos são derivados tanto de...Little is known about the reproductive dynamics of the diplopods in their natural habitat. In wetlands, these organisms develop survival strategies to withstand the cyclical changes of the water regime. Thus, this study aims to describe the ovarian structure and the oogenetic cycle of three diplopods species in the order Polydesmida: Poratia salvator and Myrmecodesmus hastatus, found in flooded and non-flooded areas of the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, and Telonychopus klossae, that occurs in the Cuiabá city, Mato Grosso. Moreover, it aims to make a comparative study of the ovarian morphology of these species for to contribute with discussions about the morphological evolution of this system in the group. The animals were collected quarterly from December 2009 to January 2012 through active search. Part of the sampled females was processed for histological and histochemical investigation and other part was intended for ultrastructural study. Poratia salvator and M. hastatus (Pyrgodesmidae) had an unpaired ovary that formed a tubular organ containing oocytes. Telonychopus klossae (Chelodesmidae) had a paired ovary with ovisacs. The unpaired ovary appeared to be apomorphic and was associated with the small size of these species and their short life cycle; the paired condition was symplesiomorphic, commonest to Polydesmida families. The oocytes in these species have three stages of development, which were differentiated by size, aspect of ooplasma and deposition of the chorion. With respect to the components of germ cells, the lipid deposition was noted first, followed by the deposition of proteins, carbohydrates and calcium. These elements are derived either from endogenous sources as exogenous. In all Pantanal seasons occurred females of P. salvator e M. hastatus with oocytes in stage III... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Estágio Supervisionado em um Curso de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo: desafios na regência

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar e discutir os resultados de uma pesquisa acerca dos desafios na regência no Estágio Supervisionado em um Curso de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo (LEdoC) com enfoque em Ciências da Natureza da região Nordeste. Para isso, a investigação foi realizada a partir da aplicação de questionários e da análise de documentos. Os resultados mostraram que os principais desafios encontrados na regência no Estágio Supervisionado na LEdoC estudada têm relação com a formação multidisciplinar para o Ensino Médio, que é, devido à composição da estrutura curricular do Projeto Pedagógico do Curso, incongruente com as exigências profissionais e as propostas que conduziram à criação dos cursos por área de conhecimento; com o papel dos Supervisores, no tocante à sua formação/experiência e no que se refere a um efetivo acompanhamento dos estagiários para a formação de educadores do campo; e com as condições materiais das escolas do campo, que não oferecem um espaço adequado para a aprendizagem da docência dentro dos fundamentos da Educação do Campo

Current distribution of the invasive mollusk Corbicula fluminea (O.F. Müller, 1774) (Bivalvia, Cyrenidae) in Brazil, including a new record from the state of Piauí

Corbicula fluminea is an invasive clam originally from Asia that threatens the biodiversity of freshwater communities around the world. It has greatly expanded in Brazil since its first record. We report here the occurrence of C. fluminea from Piauí state, Parnaíba river basin and, provide an assessment of its current distribution in Brazil. The compiled data include 382 records in 22 states and the Federal District, encompassing a variety of ecosystems. These results contribute to a discussion about the invasion and expansion process of C. fluminea in Brazil over time

New records of the invasive mollusk Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774) (Gastropoda, Thiaridae) in the Brazilian Northeast

Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774) was recorded during field surveys of the malacofauna of Território Vale do Guaribas in Piauí state, northeastern Brazil. Individuals were observed every month (June 2017–September 2018) in both lotic and lentic habitats. Considering that M. tuberculata has high reproductive and adaptative capacities besides being an intermediate host of digenetic trematodes, this invasive species is expected to be a threat to native biodiversity. Furthermore, it may become a serious environmental problem considering the multiple uses of the water bodies where it lives